fight for supremacy and dominance,worldwar 1 2 cold war and land conflicts

1. Game Of Thrones
RISE OF SUPER POWERS

2. British Colonialism
World War I
World War II
Cold War
USA as a superpower
Indo-Pakistan Conflict

3.  Large size and geographical advantages
 Enough resources to be self sustaining
 Large population
 Large national economy (high GDP)
 Possession of nuclear power and major
military advancements
 Strong cultural influence over other
nations

4.  Roman Empire(1st century):From England to Africa and
from Syria to Spain, one in every four people on earth
lived and died under Roman law.
 Mongal Empire(1200-1300): The Mongol Empire
stretched from Central Europe to the sea of Japan
 British Empire(1700-1800):The largest empire in
history, grew out of trading activities
 Soviet Union(post world wars):Enormous size and
resources made it a central power
 United States: The true superpower that combines the
best features of all the previous superpowers

5.  The sun never sets on the British Empire
 Largest European Empire
 At one time Great Britain controlled:
Canada, Australia, India, parts of Africa, and many
Caribbean islands
 Controlled America until 1776, Canada until the
20th century
 Colonized Australia and used it as a penal colony
(prison colony)

6. Invasion map
 The Royal
Navy
 Industrial
Revolution
 Wealth of
colonies
 Military
prowess and
discipline
 Stable
government

7. The consequence of fighting two World Wars in a
relatively short amount of time
The emergence of the United States and the Soviet
Union rise to superpower status after the end of World
War II
End of imperialism
The ideological change
Decolonisation across the world

8. Causes
Important Events
The War begins
End of War

9. Militarism-Industrial revolution led to large
militaries ,arms race began.
Alliances-Treaties were signed such that if one
country was attacked allied countries were
bound to defend them.
Imperialism-Practice of extending nations
power by gaining territories,Britain was worlds
largest Imperialist power.
Nationalism-Desire of nations for dominance
and prestige.

10. 1914-Serbians vowed to take Bosnia and Herzogovinia from Austria.
Franz Ferdinand an Austrian leader was assasinated by Serbian
army.So Austria sent ultimatum to turn the conspirators or go for
war.This set chain reaction.
Sinking of Lusitania-At that time Germans had made naval blockade,no
ship was allowed to pass through territory.
An American ship was sank by German submarine,1000 americans
were killed.
This was entry of America into picture of World politics.

11. Turning the table around-America sent 3 million troops for war.
World was divided into two parts.
Allied powers Central powers
France Germany
Britain Bulgaria
Russia Austria-Hungary
Italy Turkey
America

12. After 3 years of war central powers exhausted and Austria
surrendered,with them Germany also surrendered.
After Effects of war-Weapons used for mass-killing caused damage.
Social-10 million soldiers killed and 20 million wounded.
World was left with intolerance and hatred.
Economic-Total cost of war was 350 million which caused lowering of
standard of living,famines.
Political-USA emerges as world power.
Treaty of Versailles-Germany was forced to pay enormous amount to
victims.
League of nations is created to solve international problems and
maintain world peace

15. The First World War left a deep imprint on
European society and policy
 Soldiers came to be placed above civilians
 Politicians and publicists laid great stress on the
need for men to be aggressive, strong and
masculine
Democracy was a young and fragile idea
This gave birth to communism and dictatorship

16.  The ideas were based on Karl Marx’s writings
 Everything was to be equal – those who had
things should share with those who do not
 Socialism would eventually take over the
capitalist countries because workers would get
fed up of being exploited
 The idea was that people would work together
for the good of everyone
 The government would share the profits and
everyone would receive the benefits

17.  A totalitarian government is one where there is only
one party allowed - the ruling party
 In Stalin’s Russia this meant that the Communist
Party was supreme
 The people are expected to be totally loyal to the
state and to the person at the head of the
government
 Stalin ruled as a dictator, commanding his people
with absolute power
 He conducted many purges against his rivals and
introduced a new constitution which reinforced his
power

18.  The crisis in the economy, polity and society formed
the background to Hitler’s rise to power
 The German defeat horrified him and the Versailles
Treaty made him furious
 The crimes that the Nazi’s committed were linked to a
system of belief and a set of practices
 The crimes that the Nazi‟s committed were linked to a
system of belief and a set of practices
 Under the shadow of war, the Nazi‟s proceeded to
realise their murderous, racial ideal. Genocide and
war became two sides of the same coin

19.  The policy of never to retreat
 Hitler became Commander-in-Chief,
neglecting all advice
 Battle of Stalingrad
 Poor Choice of allies
 Germany lost , Hitler died…

20. What is Cold War?
The US vs. the Soviet Union
How it started
The forming of NATO
The forming of Warsaw Pact
Berlin wall
Space race

21. The Cold War began to form after World War II. The
disagreements started between
1947-1951. The world split into two large organizations NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw pact. Many
people believed at that time that a nuclear war would start. The
main tensions were between The Soviet Union (“Russia”) and The
United States. Both sides and their allies were building up their
weapons but did not use them. It was a fight between political
systems for power.

22. Lots of the conflict happened
in Germany because it had
borders with allies of the
Warsaw Pact and NATO. Russia became
communist and also
captured many
countries:
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia,
Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Together with the
Russian Federation
these fifteen republics
formed the USSR.
The United States also was
affected by the Cold War
because of the Bay of Pigs an
the Cuban Missile crisis.

23. Capitalists and Communists had been clashing since the
Russian revolution but the disagreements got worse after
World War II. Germany had been split up into many parts
when World War II ended. The Soviet Union had the east but
which also had Berlin. The United States, France, Britain,
and The Soviet Union all had a part of Berlin. The Soviet
Union wanted the rest of Berlin and that’s how the Berlin
Blockade got started.

24. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization include twelve nations that
have an alliance. These include The United States and The United
Kingdome. NATO was officially formed on April 4, 1949. They all signed
the North Atlantic Treaty. After the fall of communism NATO has become
a political force rather than a military force
The NATO flag.

25. Warsaw Treaty of Friendship,
Cooperation, and mutual assistance
was formed on May 14, 1955 in
Warsaw, Poland. The Warsaw Pact was
formed the same year that NATO was
announced and is thought to have
been created due to NATO’s formation.
There were eight members of this pact.
This pact is ,since 1991, extinct or
“nonexistent”.

26. The Berlin Wall was constructed
on August 13, 1961. The wall
divided East and West Berlin,
the people on the East were not
allowed to leave. Over 125
people were killed attempting
to escape East Berlin. East
Berlin was controlled by the
Soviet Union and was
communist. The wall stayed up
for 28 years until June 13, 1990
when the wall was officially
taken down.

27. The Space Race was race between
the United States and the Soviet
Union to see who could explore
outer space first. When the Soviets
launched Sputnik the whole race
slowly began. The Apollo 11
mission by the United States was
very successful and was watched
by 500million people around the
world.

28. How to become a Superpower?
America as a Superpower
Oil and Nuclear war
Emerging Superpowers

29. To be a superpower a nation needs to
have :
Strong Economy
An overpowering military
Immense international political power
Strong national ideology

30. Largest Economy in the world
GDP of $5.2 trillion (in 1990) , enormous industrial base,
modernized farming industry, large mineral resources, energy
resources, high standard of living.
Highest military expenditure in the world
World's largest navy surpassing the next 13 largest navies
combined
Largest nuclear arsenal in the world
Permanent seat in the United Nations.
Strong ties with western Europe

31. It is the term used to describe a conflict about
petroleum resources or their consumption or
regulation
Russia-Ukraine gas disputes and intervention of
USA in Saudi Arabia , Iran and Iraq are the examples
of oil war

32. The term 'Potential superpowers' has
been applied by scholars and other
qualified commentators to the
possibility of several states achieving
superpower status in the 21st century.
Due to their large markets, growing
military strength, economic potential,
and influence in international affairs
some nations can be termed as the
potential superpowers.

33. The potential Superpowers are :
China
Russia
European Union
India
(also Brazil and Japan)

34. Indo-Pakistan Conflict
 Divide and Rule
 Kashmir Conflict
 Indo-Pakistan Wars
 Nuclear Arms Race
 India-Emerging Superpower

35.  The Act of
Independence in
caused India to split
into two countries :
India &Pakistan in 1947
 This caused riots
among the people of
two nations which
resulted into wars
 Kashmir-Land of
Conflict

36.  1947-The First Kashmir War(Line of Control)
 1965-Inflitration into J&K(Ended in Tashkent
Declaration)
 1971-War against East Pakistan(Bangladesh)
 1999-Kargil War

37. The post-war era saw both the nations emerge into
nuclear conflict.
Pakistan stated first strike policy in case of invasion
However India delcared policy of ‘no first use’
India Pakistan
Pokhran-I(1974) Kirana-I(1980)
Pokhran-II(1998) Chagai I&II(1998)

38.  India has 2nd largest army and 4 th largest airforce in the world
 Indian navy has 155 vessels and INS Viraat aircraft carrier
 India is among top 5 nations in space research
 ISRO’s Mars orbiter mission is first interplanetory mission by India
 India is among the nations with Nuclear Research