The document discusses several topics related to brain injury and disorders. It begins by explaining the mechanisms of primary and secondary brain injury, including ischemia, cellular energy failure, excitatory amino acids, and reperfusion injury. It then discusses types of traumatic brain injury like concussions and hematomas. It also covers cerebrovascular disease and strokes, central nervous system infections like meningitis and abscesses, and chronic neurological disorders such as seizures, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and hydrocephalus.
80 ĐỀ THI THỬ TUYỂN SINH TIẾNG ANH VÀO 10 SỞ GD – ĐT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH NĂ...
Paj 5103 clinical neuropahtophys ii hn10
1. Lecture II Ng, Hoikee PA-C, MPAS Nova Southeastern University
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6. Sequence of neuronal cell injury following acute ischemia Ischemia Cell hypoxia Mitochondrial failure Decreased ATP production Decreased Ca++ pumping Calcium overload Increased Glutamate release Open NMDA channels Free-radical production Reperfusion Immune cells Cell death
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13. Sequence of neuronal cell injury following acute ischemia Ischemia Cell hypoxia Mitochondrial failure Decreased ATP production Decreased Ca++ pumping Calcium overload Increased Glutamate release Open NMDA channels Free-radical production Reperfusion Immune cells Cell death Calcium overload is a key event in producing cellular damage
75% of cases of GBS are preceded 1-3 weeks by an acute infectious process, usually respiratory or gastrointestinal. 20-30% of all cases occuring in North America, Europe, Australia, preceded by infection or reinfection with Campylobacter jejuni. Similar proportion preceded by a human herpesvirus infection, often cytomegalovirus or Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Other viruses and also Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been identified as agents involved in antecedent infections. Recent immunization has also been associated with GBS. GBS also occurs more frequently than can been attrributed to chance alone in patients with lymphoma, including Hodgkin’s disease, in HIV-seropositive individuals, and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
