1. [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002 1
0917776=20 RKKE: 1446062=250 FPJVN GFPJGVN CPFNL FJKVGNKO, RKRKO N[KNGC?
liam-e moc.oohay@irept GMKXE RKQ N[NCQ? FBO VYKEKFO F[GRKO MN ML, [N
FPINYF FVSKMKBJZK, PZMH ZVGBK quot;FESFquot;, TKQ MZO, KZG[NKO.
N[BNF BO RKQ N[NC [K DK[G JKVGNKG [GRG MN ML
MN BI PQ F[KJG NCEF. FVZYKO FCBKO PKKISKO
FVZTF MVKKK GCEKMBGQ )7(. N[KVGZ PNB GPYKU KGZ CBKMG IKKG [N FPJGVN PB[Z
FYVK IZEF, SPGR VGSJ JZBGPK, VGCKG PPGYEG, YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK TO JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK KMGN NFCKB
CFVZTG IZEF [GRG, MDGQ FVZT IZEF MNNK )DAG(, [N FFVZTF FRXVK. FJKTGQ FPZMHK FGB [[KNGC JKVGN
GTEMRKG PXBG KTKNG ZCF CJKVGN FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK NINYKO [GRKO [N FVGNGDKF B[Z FCKBF NCKJGK FPNB
PIYZK KTKNG CFKYVKO RZICKO. TCGEG SKMGO RZICG F G M K IG K T K N G CP I Y Z K O P CG Y ZK O , G B [ Z P K K I S G
FRFDG, MPZMKC PFGK [N [KJ FJKVGN, PBV[Z GBV[ZG PT[K NXZU [K [KJG JKVGN [GRG, B[Z
FJKVGN RPEE CBGVQ [KJK TN-KEK [BNGRKO BG ZK[GPK TCGEF HG TGSY C[BNF FBO K[ ZXKGRN KBGZJK
CHPQ, PGRIKO TN-KEK SVZK FEZMF PVGZJKO GGXB
[N DK[G FRFDGKG GFQ [N DK[G VSKMGEKRPKG.
PSVZ ZC [N PIYZKO. FTGCEF [FJKVGNKO FNNG PGDCNKO
[YKKPG FGMIG PIYZKG FPXCKTG TN KTKNG JKVGNK, FQ
KTKNGG [N FJKVGN FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK PCGSS TN
[[NG[ F[KJG FZBG CPXC FPJGVNKO )01(. RZBF, BO MQ,
PIYZKG CECZ KTKNGQ. FFCENKO CKQ FDK[G FKG HRKIKO CF[GGBF N[KVGZ FMNNK
[TCGZ [K [KJG FJKVGN FGNMG GPXJCZG FGMIG DCGFF C[KVGZ PXC FPJGVN NBGZL YGV PTYC [N 3 [RKO.
6(. GZP NFYZCG HG FFMZF FFGNM GPZIC CML CPJGVN )DK[G [N YZN ZGD'ZS(, FZBG [NG[Q KTKNG
FRFDGKKO CGL JKVGNKO VSKMGBRNKJKKO PSGZKKO )5, FRFDGK FQ CDK[F FVSKMGEKRPK GFQ CDK[F FPPGYE
F[RK, PVIG BV[ZGKG N[KNGC [N PZMKCKO FZBF NBIZGRF [JKVGNKO, FQ CDK[F FYGDRKJKCK-
BG FJKVGN CY[KKO CKVYGE FPKRK [N YVNQ )4(. PQ FXE VSKMKBJZKG [GRG )9(. TCGE [EF ZIC FKYU CCZKJRKF
yparehT [N KGRD )3( CJKVGN CFVZT BK[KG DCGNK, KTKNG [N JKVGNKO VSKMGEKRPKKO YXZK PGTE CFVZTG
yparehT citylanA [N ZKKN GIC' )1, 2(, amehcS C, GMQ CFVZT BK[KG DCGNK )8(. TCGEG BIZG FXKDG
PZMKCKO VSKMGEKRPKKO, MPG F-evitingoC-TAC
VSKMGSGPJKG, FVZTG BMKNF GFVZTG BK[KG PYCGXF
VGD[KO JKVGNKO YGDRKJK CKK O-FRFDGKKO FP[N CKO
FVSKMGEKRPK CEKMBGQ, FVZTG IZEF [GRG, FVZTG
CKQ FHZPKO FJKVGNKKO FPZMHKKO FNNG. PXE BIE, BRG
PSMP TEMRK MHG PXBF FGMIG NKTKNG FJKVGN
T[ZG [RKO, PZI[ DO RGTF FVGMF [N FYZCG
CPIYZKO PCGYZKO FKJC CPDGGQ [N FVZTG RV[KG. TCGEF
C FVS KM GE KR PK NJ KVG N FY GD R KJ KCK - F F R F DG K P H F
PIYZKO PSMPKO )sesylana-atem( PXKDKO KTKNG PGMI
XE F I Z G FF KS J GZ K F P Y KK P C K Q F JK V GN
FBIZGQ CXGZF [KJK GJGCF KGZ, CPIYZKO PCGYZKO.
PCGB JKVGNKO VSKMGEKRPKKO FING DO FO NFKIYZ CT[GZ
GCY[KKO FPT[KKO CKK[GPG.
[FG[D. FPGEN FPGXT PGEDO CBPXTG PYZKO YNKRKKO. FPBPZ EQ CKZGRG GCISZGRG [N FPGEN FPGXT
FTCZ [NG, PGL MGGRF NFP[KL GN[VZ B BKMG FIKKO [N FPJGVN GNKKXC B F[KRGK FSKPVJGPJK
VSKMGEKRPK FPMGGQ NFZIC FGCRF GJGGI FIGGKF [N FPJGVN CIGPK FZD[, FKISKO FCKQ-BK[KKO GIGGKG
B FJKVGN, NZGC C[NC [N JKVGN FRFDGK-YGDRKJKCK NF[D [KRGK SKPVJGPJK, GCFP[L TGCZ NJKVGN
[KNGC DK[G JKVGNKG. GBXKT PGEN BV[ZK N[KNGC [K FDK[G, '[KNGC TGYC'. CPGEN HF, PJVN BIE VGI
B FFCENKO CJMRKYF FJKVGNK CKQ FDK[F FFRFDGK NDK[F FVSKMGEKRPK GB FTPEG F[GRG MNVK
CPBPZ HF BCEGY B FBV[ZG N[NC CJKVGN TO PJVN BIE B [K FJMRKYG FJKVGNKG. FPBPZ SGYZ
FJKVGNKG FPRGDEG. F[BKVF N[KNGC PCSS CKQ F[BZ TN FKTKNG FPGMI PIYZK [N [K FDK[G.
CSKS TYZGRG FVSKMGBRNKHF. CXE IZG HG PVIG DO DK[G F[GBVG N[NC CKQ [K FJMRKYG
IZG FKSJGZK PYKKP CKQ FDK[F FJKVGNK FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK GFDK[F FVSKMGEKRPK FCRGKF TN
Equot;Z JGCKF VZK
JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK GJKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK { [KNGC BV[ZK?
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 1( { FDFF 1

2. 2 [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002
PZMHKG FFTCZF, FKISKO CKQ FPJVN NPJGVN, M'BKHGZ' CKQ FDK[F FVSKMGEKRPK NYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK. JCNF
PZMKC PZMHK RGSU [N FJKVGN FVSKMGEKRPK FGB NFCRKF GNMRGQ PZB[ [N FJKVGN TXPG. ML RGXZ RKDGE ZC
FPJVN GFPJGVN CPVD[ FBRNKJK. PGYEO TN FJKVGN. CBGVQ CSKSK KGZ, PSGZ HG PRDE
NMRQ PZB[ GBU NNPE B FEZL FBZGMF [TGCZKO FPJGVN BG NPTRF N[BNGKG GMQ NPQ FSCZKO GPKET
P- 3191 PCJBKO B VKSG CECZ BK-FKMGN NF^Rf,
#C TPGYF NMN FRFDG FPMGGR NFGZE FPI GNFZDT
FTRKKRKO [FGB GYUquot; )41, TP' 401(. RKSGIKO BNF [N VZGKE FPSGZ FJKVGNK FVSKMGEKRPK P[EZ FRDEG
[FIN, PRFN CEZMG GBKRG RGQ [KMKCG NG B FMKGGQ BG SEZ 131=231(.
PEZMG GNNB SVY NYNYN CG FZCF. BCN CSL FMGN, FFNKL, P[TF PCK[, PSGMQ, ISZ TZL BG HYGY NFDRF CVRK FBRNKJKYBKquot; )51, TP'
CFNKL...FGB KMGN NVYI TN FFNKL, NYEPG, NFSKZ PM[GNKO FPZIC FBRNKJK, MKGGQ [FPJGVN PZDK[ MK FGMQ FVRKPK [NG
BKQ FGB KMGN NYCGT CPEGKY B PF [K[KD.... FGB PIKN P[P[G F[BNG B FPJGVN MRKSKGQ NDZGO NPJVN NPNB B
)41, TP' 99(. quot;...K[ CKMGNG [N FZGVB FBRNKJK NT[G FZCF, BL G[NB CPGET... TN ZGC F[BNG BKRRK TGRF... NTKO YZGCG
[N PFNMKO PYZCG BPRK F[IPJ T[GK NPNB B FISZ CFGZBFquot; FPJGVN B FFHEPRG NFXKD B TXPG CEZL [FGB CGIZ CPGET
FBKQ-SGVK [NBIZ FVKIF BKRG PBV[Z FXDF MHG. ZY NKPGE [YERK GPNIKXF BGG NFIHKZ Cquot;RIPEGquot;... ...FTZF PSGD HF... DGHN PQ
FSKGO RKRKO NFXDF [KJK GPPXF, CTGE [PKDGGQ FPFNMKO TGKQ... FTZF MHG DGZP PKKE NPJGVN NIG[ MCTN IGC NBRNKJKYBK
B P[IY F[IPJ FBXKNK KKGGMI CPFZF [ZY FVKIG GPFNMK FCNK PGET MK FPJGVN FGB KNE FPY[F NVNS B EZMG CTGNO
NPJGVN NFCKB B MN FTGNF TN ETG. quot;MN FPCY[ NNPGE FIRKKF PP[ Y[F CBKHGZ FHFquot;.... FGB FTCKZ NPJGVN B FZD[G
FRKR NPJGVN FKB 'MNN FKSGE' FVSKMGRNKJK FPGZF quot;NFRFD CBGVQ BRG[Kquot;...quot;BRK PYGGF [NB FY[K NPXGB IRKKF,
MPTJ FRIKG PGDEZG MKXE NCXTG GFFRIKF FKIKEF CIKN EZMO I[KO NTKO EIU quot;NDZGO NPJGVN NFZDK[ CRGIquot; BG
FJKVGN FVSKMGEKRPK, NTGP HB, VGI PBGE. BKQ FPJGVN, CBPXTG VTKNG PVIK PI MPG IKHGYKO... PJVNKO
NFVIGF FSVGRJRK NBGZL FHPQquot; )31, TPGE 51(. FGB RBCY. ...BKQ BRG PMGGRKO NFYN TN IZEF, [NRG BG [N
CPMGGQ, MEK NFCRG B PTZM FKISKO FJKVGNK GNB ZY PPKQ NFMKZ GNFCKQ P[FG TN IG[G, ZD[G GPI[CG FFTCZF [TKPO
RGJN TN TXPG VYKE VTKN GPRIF CJKVGN, GCGL ML FGB VGTN CRGI... NFKVL... P[KPG FKB NTHGZ NPJGVN [NB NFIPKW FHEPRG
FPJVN CTKXGCG [N FY[Z FJKVGNK: quot;FPJVN FYGDRKJKCK quot;BKRK SCGZ MK VYKEG [N FBRNKJKYBK NDZGO NPJGVN NFZDK[
VZKPQ GIC' RKSIG CP[VJ FCB B TPEG BG VYKEG [N [N RV[ FPJGVN. PMBQ RGCTG FFRIKG FPGCBG NFNQ:
PSKKO CFRIKG NPRKT IHZF [N FSKPVJGO )11, 21(. CKGZ. FKPRTG HG PBV[Z NXVG CCKJGKF F'RYK' CKGZ
NZDN C'TCGE CK' CKQ FVDK[G FJKVGNKG GFJKVGN NPJGVN NFCKB B TXPG GB SKVGZ IKKG CBGVQ FPNB
FMGGRF, TKEGE GPKMF K[KZF [N FPJVN. FPJGVN PGRIF F F K P R T G P F T Z C G P X K EG [ N F PJ V N P S K K T
[N TCGEF P[GV NYZB F[D PJZG FJKVGN GL FBRNKJK... )51, TP' 141=241(.
FSKPVJGO GB FEZL N[KRGK. FPJVN PRSF NKKXGZ BGGKZF XGZG FY[ZG, FTGKRG, FYKRBF... CFY[Z [N PTZM FKISKO
FRDEK... NPJGVN GNBRNKJKYBK K[ FHEPRG NIGG CBGVQ K[KZ B
PSCKZ NPJGVN B FCRG B FFNKL [FCKB NFKGGXZG
FPJGVN... M[TGNPG [N FPJGVN PYCN IKKO CFTCZF GFFTCZF-
PBGVKKR CDK[F VSKMG-IKRGMK BN FPJGVN. FPJVN
CKRYG GCKNEG FPGYEP G[TO FHPQ FVMF NPCRF FRV[ [N
BIZ F[KRGK FYGDRKJKCK GFFRFDGK. TPEG [N FPJVN RDEK. HFG quot;FTCZ FIKquot; [N FPJGVN, PTZM KISK BGCKKYJ [KSGEF
FJKVGN. FPJVN P[P[ CMNK PEKEF PGYVKO NPTYC FPGTCZKO CBGVQ CNK-PGET CXGZF [N IGGK FTCZF GFTCZF-
GPVGZJ FPVZJ B [NCK FBKCIGQ, RKSGI FCTKF G[NCK [NG....FSGD F[RK [N FKSJGZKF BK[K [PSVY FPJGVN FGB RGRKO
GPGDCN CHPQ. FJKVGNKO PGRIKO TN-KEK PEZKL MGC { BNF [FPJGVN PKKIS BNKFO CBGVQ PGET MBN FTCZ
FRFDGK. FJKVGN PPGYE NZGC CFRFDG PJZF PGDEZ ...FPJGVN PSVZ NBRNKJKYBK [NG... SGD BIE [N RGRKO FKSJGZKKO
FDK[G RPXB FFRIF [[KRGK YGDRKJKCK PGCKN N[KRGK [FEZPF FVRKPK FCNK PGET RIGGK CG. )51, TP' 831(
FPFGGF quot;PJZKXF [N FRV[quot;....FPZIC FBRNKJK FGB FPZIC
FNKMK FI[KCF FPTXCKO B FFRFDG. CCSKSQ [N ZGC
FMRKSF NIGGKF FBRNKJK MZGMF CFZIC FPZIC FVSKMGNGDK
FRKR NXVKKF GNPEKEF, NZGC CBPXTG FF[VTF TN
FBRNKJK FZB[GRF:
FRFDGKG PBGVKKQ CML [FGB PMGGQ N[KRGK [N FRFDG
PXGK CSVZG [N GPS BGDEQ, CVZY FTGSY CVDK[F
MN BI P[KJG FJKVGN. FJKVGN CDK[G FYGDRKJKCKG-
F[KVGZ CBKMG IKKG [N FPJGVN. RKSGI TEMRK [N TPEF HG
[RKQ NFXKD YGGKO MNNKKO FPBVKKRKO B FHZO FPZMHK [N
CBGVQ [KBV[Z B FFKMZG FPYSKPNK TPO, GTPF B
ZCG F[GRG HG PHG CPBVKKRKO ZCKO. KIE TO HB, RZBF
FPJGVN 'KZI[G' CIEZ FJKVGNK GCKISKO FJKVGNKKO,
VSKMGEKRPKKO PFGGKO, MN BIE, PYCW [N [KJG JKVGN
[C G FF KS JG Z KF GFF NK M KO FR V [ KK O F VR K P K KO [ N
JKVGNKO YGDRKJKCKKO-FRFDGKKO GJKVGNKO
CKGZ FBV[ZK N[TF FJKVGNK. FRKSKGQ FGB NKXGZ PYGO
FVSKMGEKRPK NBV[Z NPJGVN NFCKB B TXPG CXGZF FPNBF GF'RYKKF'
PBVKKRK FJKVGN FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK GFJKVGN PZMHK [CG PZI[ FJKVGN FVSKMGEKRPK. FJKVGN PMGGQ
Equot;Z JGCKF VZK
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 2( { FDFF 1

3. [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002 3
* ML JGTQ BGDEQ )51( CYJT [XGJJ NTKN. NFNKL FP[B GPQ [CKQ FPJVN NPJGVN )02(.
GCY[G [N FPJGVN PQ FPJVN. PKJ[N PKKIS I[KCG ZCF CKGZ
* ZBF NP[N B EKGRG FPZY [N PKJ[N C[BN FFKTRG NXZMKO
TXPO NBVYJKO BNF, FDCZG FPJGVNKO TN FFRDEG NBGG
CTYCG FPXC FIE[ FNYIG IZKVF [N IZEF, BL CIG[VO B
FCJGI [N FVGCKF [NFO... MVK [RKQ FKF NXVG, FZI[F
FYNBSK TGSY CPF [RZBF I[GC NPJVN GPHRKI B XZMKG
TN RYGEG PG CBRNKHF TE [NB REIYG NFTH GNXB PQ FPSGZ
FPCY[KO B THZ FPJVN. NTKO YZGCG RZBF [FJKVGN
PTPKYF NSCKMKO FNB-PGETKO [NFO, GCMN HB NB KMNG NFDCZ
FPJGVN PDKT NJKVGN TO XZMKO GSKPVJGPKO IZKVKO
quot;PJGVNKO PSGKPKO PKNBG BIZ MNN FKSGE, GBU DKNG GCRF
BYJKCK [N FPJVN FKF FTGCEF [CPYZKO ZCKO
PGCFYG MEK NRSG GNYEO B FJKVGN CYXC PFKZ KGZ. RGSU [ZO NFMZF CNDKJKPKG GBGNK BU CXGZL CPTGZCG
FVTKNF'. VZRXK RYJ CFTZCGKG GCFRIKG FRFDGKG FPJVN BKRQ RI[CG MIZKDF NB NDKJKPK CJKVGN*. DGZO
GFPGMZ [CKRKFO, [REGZ VZRXK, CRKSKGRGKG C'JMRKYF PZMHKG FGCRF [N FPJGVN, BGNO FRFDGKG VTKNG [N
FVSKMGBRNKJKKO FGVKTG RKSKGRG CDK[F VTKNF. FZB[GQ CNK RPRTG. FDK[F FFKKISGK [GPZ TN FCMGZF [N
NPZG HB, MCZ CEGZ FZB[GQ [N FPJVNKO CPTGZCG PP[K KGZ CCTKG FKGO-KGO [N FPJGVN FQ
CFSDZ IG[GKG FBK[KG )erusolcsid fles( GFQ
TO PNGB FTGPY [N IGGKGKG FZD[KG )51(*.
NPJGVN. FMZF HG FCKBF NFCRF [PTGZCG FPJVN, FQ
CPZIC FBGRJK GFIGV[K [N FPJGVN GPGRTG PVD[
FINY' FO CNK BV[ZKKO NPKPG[ CPVD[ CKQ PJVN
FT ZCG KG B YJ KCK G [N F PJ VN RI[CG MV GD TG
FDKTG NFMZF CML [BKEKBN FPJVN FRKKJZNK G'FNGI
BGCKKYJ GTN IGGK F Y[Z CJKVGN F VSKMGBRNKJK,
GFRIKG BYJKCKG [N FPJVN CJKVGN. PJVNKO ZCKO
EIVKG CBGVQ ZXKGRNK KGZ. TO FVIG FED[ TN KISK
CJMRKYF FBRNKJK FPBV[Z B [KNGCO [N VTGNG
TGNPG FNB-PGET GPGRT B FVIG KMGNG NGGS B
[N FPBF FYGEP, PFGGF B F[KRGK FKGZ P[PTGK
MPXPXP B FZXGQ GFXGZL [N FPJGVN CVKZG[ GCFCR
FVIGF [N FDK[F FFKKISGK FIN P[RG F-08
MFKTRG NXZMKO FEIVKKO [N FPJGVN. FKTRG HG RVSF
BKMVKG GTHZF PP[K NPJGVN )02, TP' 542(.
NKBGZK FEIU. VTKNG BYJKCK [N FPJVN RVSF
EGGYB B FZDTKO [CFO FPJVN IZD PTPEG MEK NCJB
BYJKCKG [N FPJVN PMPF SKCG. FZB[GRF FKF Y[GZF
)91(. PJGVNKO ZCKO HGMZKO PFBRNKHG [NFO CBGVQ IKGCK
FPGEN FVSKMGBRNKJK FPSGZK FRDE NFTZCGKG
P[VIG. HB NBIZ [VD[ BGG KIE TPF CZB[K FJKVGN
'VTKNG BYJKCK' CJKVGN FVSKMGBRNKJK VZGKE CY[Z [NG TO BZGSG CRKDGE NETO [N CRK
[RKO ZCG BIZK FJKVGN [NG B PTGZCGG GPKMG [N
FJKVGN FIKXGRK FYNKRKKO. quot;BK[ FHBCKOquot;, PJGVNG FPVGZSO [N VZGKE, HMZ
FJKVGN NB-PGETKO CTKYZ 'CGL' ZKBNKKO CPXKBG FKF RKKJZNK FZCF VIG PMVK [GBZ CPBPZKFO
PGYE CKISKO PGVRPKO, CFRFDGKG GKISKO FVSKMGBRNKJKYBKO DKNG NRG [FRFDGO [N FPJVNKO
GVKZG[KG FPKET [CKEKG EKGGIK PJGVNKO TN FBRNKHG [NFO BXN ZB[GRK
FPJGVN? B FPJGVN CPI[CGKG B FPJGVN CPKZC
B FVGCKFquot; )81, TP' 331=431(.
PF KGET FPJVN CGIZ PK N[U FPJVN P[U GPKKET
FZGVB, KTNF FIGNF FCHYK PI[CF GHKMZGRG [KBV[ZG NG NVGZ
KGET? IE[F TN FPXC
PF FPJVN VGI NFVTG GNNPKEF P[EZ KEKTG PMSKPNKG CZIGC GNFKBCY CIZEF... GZY P[KG[D FECZ MGXBF PEZK[G [N
FPJVN GPVZ[ GPL, PZDKT BIZ... BO R[VKT TNKFO CBPXTG FBRNKHF ... NRSG NNM NCE
FRFDG XGVF, Y[GC, P[YU PRIF, PGZF, PIHY, [FBRNKHF RKT B FIGNF NGGZ TNKF... PMBQ [TNKRG NRFGD
GPTGZCG TXPG FJKVGN: quot;MPTJ [NB RGMN N[NGJ CVGCKF BO RPKQ TE
TXPK Y[GC, NB IG[U B G[KGGKGRK, PGSZ PKET FI[KVF CVGTN NDGZPKO FPTGZZKO IZEF MEK NF[NKO B
I[KVF FPJVN { 'NGI INY', FPJVN { 'JCTK', DPK[ GFMGGRF NPJGVN )71,81(, RBNW NFGEG CRIKXGF [N
PEZKL MGC DO VZGKE TXPG, CXE FRDEGG NPQ TXG PT[KG
FJKVGN PGMRQ GNB PGMGGQ NVZJK VZJKO CBPXTG
FZIC GCRG [N FPJGVN.
RKFGN FJKVGN 'HGZO' CBGVQ NB FJKVGN PGMRQ GPGRIF
VSKMGEKRPK YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK NB-PGETKO. FI[KVF P[Z B FPJZF FBRNKJK [N
JKVGN JKVGN FI[KVF BXN VZRXK FKB NTGZZ GNFCKB NPGETG MRKO
DK[G FRFDGKG, BGNO FKB [GRF CPJZGKF. PJZ
NPBVKKRK FJKVGN FYGRKJKCK-FRFDGK FJMRKYF FVTKNF [N VZRXK PHMKZF CFRIKGKF NPJGVN
JCNF 1: F[GGBF CKQ PBVKKRK FJKVGN FVSKMGEKRPK CCKXGT VTGNG NB RTKPGquot; )61, TP' 421(.
C[K FDK[G FJKVGNKG. FPJGVN( P[KPG PKGIEG, CPYZKO [N VGCKF FCJBF FP[KPF
PSVZ 1 PSMP B FFCENKO CKVYGEK FPJVN GFPJGVN IGPZ FNB-PGET [FKF PGEIY TE BH... ...PJKNKO TNKG TF )TN
JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK GJKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK { [KNGC BV[ZK?
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 3( { FDFF 1

4. 4 [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002
FPGPNW TN-KEK FPJVN GML RPRT FYEPGG. NBIZ FVZY FPJVN NPJGVN NGXBG FJKVGN )62, 72(. FDK[F
'RYT'. NZGC, MB[Z FPJGVN RPRT PNT[G B FZDGN [N BK[KGG [N FPJVN, FY[Z FCKQ-BK[K GFFBPF [CKQ
VSKMGEKRPKKO RMRSKO NJKVGN MB[Z FJKVGN FFRFDGK FBIE, FPPXBKO FZCKO FPGMKIKO B P[PTGO FPMZT
MCZ C[RG F-07. FJKVGN FCSKSK FGB FRFDGK. FKCJKO FZXKGRN FKBGZJK NFXTF HG Y[GZ N[RK PK[GZKO.
FPKRK RT[F RKSKGQ [KNGC MHF TN-KEK FNQ SKRDZ YVNQ )4( [FPJVN [GPZ TN TPEF RKKJZNK GTXGZF KGZ.
JKVGNKO FRFDGKKO. CIGO FJKVGNKO CY[KKO CVYGE FJKVGN FEKRPK FPGMRQ GFPGCRF VIG GFGB PRFN GL
N[NC JKVGNKO VSKMGEKRPKKO BG BU VSKMGBRNKJKKO TO TO FSKPVJGPKO. ZY NBIZ SKGO F[NC FFRFDGK PIKN
PGN DK[G BNG YKKPKO PSVZ PGENKO JKVGNKKO FPRSKO CZGZG, ZDGN CKQ FVDK[G GPKYGE F[KIG CFPGEEG
VKGIQ [N [KJG JKVGN KTKNG GPCGSSGquot; )32, TP' 051(. FR FDG K PR F N N VK V ZGJGYG N PGCR F T O FRIKG
)'CGW'( B[Z PM[KNF B FBV[ZG NFYEO CBGVQ CZGZ NYZB [ FZ B G K T K NG P I YZ K PG M I . F J K V G N F YG D RK JK C K -
GVPKRKSJKG PCKBG NFKGGXZGF [N TZGC CNK PGCIR PQ F[NCKO FJKVGNKKO PRFN NVK FTYZGRG FYNBSKKO
BYHKSJRXKBNKG, JZRHBYXKGRNKG, CKQ-BK[KG, FZPRGKJKG BK[KGG, FVIG BK[K [RISPF NVRK FJKVGN. MN BIE
[ F RK SK G R G N [ N C R YG EG P C J V S K M G E K R P K G , F R F D G K G , NFTPY FFCRF [N TGNPG FVRKPK, NFT[ZF GNXPKIF [N
FRNFCKO [N FDK[G FJKVGNKG FP[NCG, PY[KO NFCIKQ RGXZF MNVKG FTCZF IKGCK GBPGQ, CTCGEF FPMGGR
FPKKXZG 'CGW' KBGZJK NB CZGZ GCNK PCGSS: quot;GPMKFQ PGXT NPJGVN NFP[KL CJKVGN TO BGG FPJVN, B[Z MCZ
)32(, CJTRF NB VIG IZKVF, GYU B FDK[G FP[NCG N[KVGZ P[PTGK CBKMG IKKG [N FPJGVN. C[NC F[RK
PQ FYXF F[RK, FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK, BZRGNE NBHZGS PMGGQ NSKKT NPJGVN C[KVGZ SKPVJGPJK P[PTGK FPCKB
234(. GCFP[MG [NC [RK [N JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK. F[NC FZB[GQ
TN-KEK FPJVN, FTPEF FBRNKJK IENF PNFYKKO...quot; )22, TP' TGYC'. NZGC, FINF C[NC [N JKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK
JGTR [CZDT [CG VZPJZKO YGDRKJKCKKO BG FRFDGKKO PGVTNKO VSKMGEKRPK CJKVGN BIE. FPGEN FPGXT FGB [N '[KNGC
PCKBF, CFMZI, NGXZ [FGB KGZ YGDRKJKCK PB[Z BRNKJK. BRK NBV[ZG N[NC JKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK TO JKVGN
quot;NETK, BKRJDZXKF [N [KJG JKVGN BRNKJKG GYGDRKJKCKG CTCGEF FRGMIK BXKD PGEN XRGT KISK, FJGTQ
FJKVGN GNFVKMG NKGZ YGDRKJKCK PB[Z FRFDGK: VSKMGBRNKJK PTGEMQ.
GCFTCZF-FRDEK. F[KNGC PCKB NETF, CFMZI, NZKEGE PNB GPGBO PZMKCKO YGDRKJKCKKO-FRFDGKKO CGL PGEN
F M R K O F C K Q - B K [ K K O G F Z D [ K K O F P C J B K O C FT C Z F PCY[KO NFXKD 'PGEN TN' KBGZJK [CG P[NCKO CBGVQ
CPJGVN. MGXBF PML FKB BKRF PBV[Z FTPYF BN BKRO PSVYKO CPGEN FPXKD 'BYNYJKXKHO JMRK', BNB
'CJGIF' KGZ PCIKR FI[KVF GFTGPY [CG FKB RGDT NCRG 'PGEN BKRJDZJKCK' )noitargetni laciteroeht(. FO
CZGCE [N FVYGE FRV[K FYZGC KGZ NVRK F[JI GFKB PZYT [N FM[ZF VSKMGBRNKJK, PRSKO CT[GZ FBIZGQ
CJKVGN. FDK[F FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK, NETF, TGSY YR VZBRY )5, VZY 41( GVGN GGBJ[N )6, VZY 9(, FCBKO
BK[KGK TPGY KGZ GPPKNB DO NNYKI 'SKMGQ' ZC KGZ PGEN [N '[KNGC TGYC'
NBV[ZG NZDZSKF TPGYF KGZ GNPDT TO IGPZKO CZGCE
FDK[G BKRG BV[ZK. NETF, FJKVGN FBRNKJK PMGGQ
FPPGYE C[KNGC TBC GJKVGN CDK[F VSKMGEKRPK.
PKNJGQ )22(, VSKMGBRNKJKYBK, SCGZF [F[KNGC CKQ
KGZ, BGNO DK[G BNG IGZDG PFRG[B [N PBPZ HF
FVSKMGBRNKJK GFQ PQ FBDU FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK. D'KKQ
FEZMF )42( GSVZK FEDPF )52( [N DK[G P[NCG ZICG
BNG CBG P[K YXGG FY[ FKBGZJK, FQ PQ FBDU
PVI C[RKO FBIZGRG CIGO HF GBU VGZSPG SVZK
[GRG GPRGDEG PTGZZ NB PTJ FRDEGKG. FRDEGKG
DK[G PTZMKG, P[VIKG GTGE )6(. SVZG T[KZF
FRKSKGRG N[NC JKVGNKO FPCGSSKO TN KBGZKG
JKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK TO JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK, BNB BU
FBO [KNGC CKQ FDK[G CBGG FJKVGN BV[ZK? DK[G BIZG, [BVRKG BU KGZ, PRSG N[NC NB ZY
FVSKMGBRNKJK CCSKSG.
VSKMGEKRPKKO. FPJVN GFPJGVN MEK N[NCQ CPTZL FJKVGN FMGNN,
JKVGNKO YGDRKJKCKKO-FRFDGKKO TO JKVGNKO FPJVN PRGIG GPGCRG CMNKO VSKMGBRNKJKKO TN-KEK
MN BNF FCKBG NPI[CF PIGE[ TN FBV[ZG N[KNGC PPGYE . FFTZCGKG FEKZYJKCKG GFVTKNG [N
FPJGVN BN FJKVGNquot; )12, 5, TP' 5(. GCG MG VZYKO [N FTZC G Y GD RK JKCK-FRFD GK
NJKVGN, GNTKO BU PTNP PQ FY[KKO FPZMHKKO B[Z FCKBG B FVGL. DK[G CRGKF CCSKSF MJKVGN VSKMGBRNKJK PSGZK
FPXKTF NPJGVN PTJ PEK FRTF GMGI NFPGEE TO IKKG [PIGW VZBRY )5( PBZ CSVZG DK[F JKVGNK P[GNC CBGVQ
NZDKN BKRJNYJGBNK, NIYKZF [N PXKBG VSKMGBRNKJK PRGY, FFRFDGK.
FEIGVKO [N FPJGVN: quot;VTPKO YZGCG PEK FGVM FBRNKHF FVSKMGEKRPK, FJKVGN IGHZ NPMGRG FCSKSK,
Equot;Z JGCKF VZK
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 4( { FDFF 1

5. [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002 5
[GRG [N FVGNGDKF. CJKVGN VSKMGEKRPK.
FYGDRKJKCKKO GFVSKMGEKRPKKO PKKISKO CTXO NZPG JKVGNKO B[Z FING CJKVGN FRFDGK GFP[KMG TO BGG FPJVN
* [RK KBGZK FPYZF FCBKO PEDKPKO B DK[ 'F[KNGC FTGYC':
FJKVGNKO F[GRKO FVZPYGNGDKKO, FFRFDGKKO,
C F V Z T G B I Z G , M P G C F V Z T G I Z E F B G C E K M B G Q , FKB RGNEF NBO [INF CSZJQ GRVJZF CFKGF CDKN 5. FBO FKF
CBGVQ EGPF NPGEN HF [N [NG GIC', KKMQ [DO FZYT FBK[K [N T. RZBF FKF MKMGN NFSCKZ FKJC B Y[KKF.
)92(. MEGZKO GNB[VGHF.
B PXCG PTCZ NINY FKISK CPMNGN FVGNGDKF [N FBEO IN [KVGZ CPXCF. PXCF FIZKU TE NRKSKGQ FBGCERK CCNKT
FZPG CNCE PGTKNKO NPJGVN, BGNO BKRO KMGNKO N[VZ CP[L M[RF GMQ JGVNF CJKVGN ZGVK C-IRSS CPKRGQ PBKO, NB
PZMHKG RSEYG GRVDTG. JKVGNKO B[Z PKKISKO NBI GBU NFSKZG. NPZG [FKF CJKVGN VSKMGEKRPK, PGXNI NECZKF,
ZKD[KKO-EKRPKKO PTGZZKO SCKC FJZBGPF GBPGRG IKKO NCK. MEK NF[KD ZDKTF RBNXF T. NFZJKC B [TZF, NYXGW BGG
MBKC NF CXGZF CNK RSCN. JYSKO BZGMKO NKGG MN KXKBF PIGW
I[KC F PZ DKTKO P BC EKO B K TKNG O, YGR VNK YJKO
C[TZQ [N R[KO CZIGC GBU RPRTF PNXB NCNG PI[[ [FYRBF
RVDTKO, FRKG VIE GFMNNG RZICG PZI[G, FNKMK
BIZG. FKB RPRTF PNFSMN CPZBF, CPGRG [N R[KO KVG BG
PZI[ CZPG F[GRG CPYCKN. PRDRGRK GKSG PGIKKO INY DEGN PHPRF CPI[CG [N YKRBF C[KTZQ FKVF [N R[KO
V K N G S G V K G . F V G N G D K F [ N F I G N F F V G S J J Z BG P K CFGVTF, FKB FKF TSGYF CIZEF [[TZF PMGTZ. FKB CKNF
PTZM VSKMGEKRPK GPTZM [N P[PTGKG GBPGRG FTGSYG C[KTZ [NF. NPZG FKGF CIGZF RBF GPZ[KPF
FCKGMKPK, PTZM [N FNMK FRKF, PTZM YGDRKJKCK, CINY PQ FDGU. T. FKF TSGYF [TG ZCG CKGO CIZEG [GRG
NVK PGEN HF FBEO VGTN CPSVZ PTZMG. FPTZM redros iD cih promsyD( SPGR FPBVKKR CTKSGY MVKKK
PXKD B PGEN 'ZPG FJZBGPF' [FGXD TN-KEK [NG GIC'. RKSKGQ BGCERK ZXKRK. T. BGCIRF MSGCN P-DDB )ydoB
T., C 03, SJGERJK, BG[VHF CPINYF FVSKMKBJZK NBIZ
[GRKO CIGNKO TO FVZTF VGSJ JZBGPK. Z[KO PS' 1
NFCKQ B FKTKNG FINYK [N JKVGNKO PCGEEKO PSGDKO KBGZ PYZF B.*
PGEN EGPF FGXT TN-KEK BZKF [NG GIC' )92(, CRKSKGQ
FIZEF FPTGZZ CT KXKBF NZIGC. GFVIGKG.
NGGKSG FIZEF, MEZL BIZ NSKKT NTXPK FVDGO NGGS B FVSKMGEKRPK FTGSY CGCRG ZD[KG, CKQ-BK[KG
JKVGNKO FRFDGKKO FPYRKO NPJGVN JMRKYG RNPEG F VGJRX KBN N[K VGZ CBKMG I KKG C BP XTG FJK VGN
HB. PGCQ [RKQ NFGSKU NPGEN HF DO B FKMGN [N FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK GCFP[L, DO NPXG B
DGCG FIZEF MINKU NTXPK FIN[ [BKRG PXNKI NT[G GFYNF PFKZF [N SCNG CBPXTG FFTZCG
[FVZPYGNGDKF P[P[ CIGPZKO MKPKKO FPGGSKO B NBV[Z NPJGVN FPGEEG TO SKPVJGPKO SVXKVKKO
CHPRG( NJVN CBDGZVGCKF? MBQ SCGZ YGFGJ, FPBKPF N[NC FJKVGNK CG FGB RPXB. F[KNGC RGTE
FIZEF. MKXE PXNKIG ZGVG )PP[VI FJZKXKYNKG, F[NCKO FPJVN TGCE TN VK MNNK FJMRKYF FJKVGNK
C[KYGPG [N FTXPK TN PR NFDCKZ B KMGN FGGKSG [N FRT[KO TN-KEK PJVN BIE GCZXU PP[L. CMN BIE PQ
FPGEIY, CTGE [FJKVGN TN VK VSKMGNGDK FTXPK KTSGY PGEN 'F[KNGC FTGYC' PXKT [KNGC [N JKVGNKO
FJKVGN FYNBSK KRSF NVGZ B FYGRVNKYJ FBEKVNK
[N INY CTXPK FPSKKT CGGKSG FIZEF GCFZDTF. [NG B. GIC' 3991 )92(.
[N VSKMGNGDK FTXPK, NVKG FIZEF RGCT PNKYGK CCRKKG Z[KO 1: PGEN quot;ZPG FTKCGEquot; [N IGGKF JZBGPK. PTGCE NVK
CZIGC. NTGPF PXKT YGFGJ )82, FTZF 91( B FFSCZ
PVRK FTGZZGO [N EIVKO BEKVNKKO CPVD[ TO BR[KO
FYNBSK, [FIZEF PVRK FKXKBF NZIGC RGCT PI[[
FGPK-YFN. YGFGJ PXKD B FF[YVF FVSKMGBRNKJK
NFVZTF [N BDGZVGCKF, FVIE PVRK KXKBF NPYGPG
Y GF G J , C S V Z G quot; M K X E P Z V B F B R N K H F ? quot; P K K I S
NJVN CINY [BGG FKB ZGBF MPZMHK.
PKKIS NINY BIZ CSPGR [N FIGNF GPXKTF JMRKYG
GMPG CP[N FFGEK TN FVKN GFTKGGZKO, MN KBGZKF VKHKGNGDKF
CKRKFQ CFSCZ NVGNGDKF FRV[K [N FIGNF. BGNO, KKMQ
FRKG GNPKEF
NTGCEF [VTPKO ZCG DK[G KBGZJKG [GRG PIZG
FTCGEF FVSKMGEKRPK TO FPJGVN. FPK[GZ F[RK, Y[GZ YGDRKXKF
GPGXNI [RCRF C[NC FYGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK MCSKS NFP[L VSKMGEKRPKYF
FPGXT MBQ FKB NFP[KL GNF[P[ CY[Z JKVGNK PKJKC JZBGPF BPGRG=VKNGSGVKF
JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK GJKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK { [KNGC BV[ZK?
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 5( { FDFF 1

6. 6 [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002
[NG, NIZEG FTPGYG [NG PGN MN YG[K CNKPGEKO [N KNEKG, FPJGVN N[GII TN CTKG BIZG P[P[ NTKO YZGCG
HB FGB FIN NCY[ NFCKB MRKO RGSVKO FY[GZKO NY[KKO FHGDKKO BRK NB KMGN NECZ BKL?quot; NTGP HB, FKTRG NXGZMK
FIZEF GFFKPRTG [NG GFDKT NKMGN SCKZF NF[P[ CPI[C. TO MPDCNF NB RTKPF. NB BI YGZF [FPJGVN [GBN: quot;NPF
FJKVGN FFRFDGK RP[L MIGE[KKO CFO FDCZ CPFKZG TN
CZDGN, GCFYEPG PPGYE, RIGGK TN-KEK FPJGVN
PGL PI[CF [FGB BKRG PBKO NJKVGN EKRPK BZGL GNB KPKE CG.
NMRKO FPTSKYKO BGG. FDCNG GPKYGEG CSKPVJGPKO,
NG JKVGN FRFDGK CI[KVF FEZDK NNPKE F[KPG[ CPI[C,
NPZG FZG[O FCZGZ [N ZYT FVIGK BZGL NCTKGKG, FGXT
CPMNGN FZIC [N IKK FPJGVN, FGB PXVF NPYGO VGI
GFZDK[ PG[VN, BL FP[KL NFZDK[ [BKRF PMCE BGG MZBGK. FIGHF FJKVGNK [FJKVGN PMGGQ NTSGY CSGVG [N ECZ
KMGN FKF NBCE [NKJF CFVZXG [N MTS GHTO. BIZKFQ FXJTZ K[KZG NSKPVJGO [FCKB BGG NJKVGN. MB[Z CZGZ PQ
NC[N ECZKO [BFC BG NB RKYF MNKO CPKEF [RZBF NG ZBGKF. PMGGQ N[KIF TN RG[BKO BK[KKO BIZKO PBNF FY[GZKO
B[G MB[Z I[C [BKRF PMCE BGG EK. NP[N, BO NB FYVKEF BIZ. FPJGVN PCY[ 'NECZ' KGZ TO FPJVN. NZGC FGB
FVSKCK. DO B. KBZ FVZXGKG HTO Y[G GNB R[NJG MNVK C[NC FFRFDGK [N FJKVGN PTGZZ NTKO YG[K
GL HTO ZC GCNK R[NJ CTYCG TNCGQ BG VDKTF GBH [C NTPEG
GI[GC NFEDK[G MBQ.
M[FGB [YJ GPGVRO, CBI PVKRG FCK. PKEK VTO FKF PVZW
HMF NCGH BG NFTNPG GNTD PP[MKO PB[G. NZGC FKF [ZGK,
[PEGCZ CYG[K CNK BV[ZK NVKZGQ, BGNO FGB YKKO
DEN MCQ FXTKZ CP[VIG. B BCKG KBZ MBEO IN[ Gquot;PIGYquot; B[Z GFDPK[F [RGXZF C[NC FFRFDGK [N FJKVGN. NB RZBF
NPZG [FXNKI CXGZF PZ[KPF CP[KPG PGZMCG BIZG. FGB GFPKRKKO [N FPJGVN BIZK PTZM FKISKO FVGIF
BGCEQ CKJIGQ CKMGNG NFPGEE, NBIZ [RYN CY[KKO YJRKO, FPJVN, TNF YG[K P[PTGK NTSGY CY[KKO FHGDKKO
NZDN CTXPG B FIGPZ FRNPE. B. SKVZ [CTCZG FKG BKZGTKO [N JKVGN CFVZT IZEF BXN TGCE CCK-FIGNKO CG FGTSY
B FZKMGH GNB KMGN FKF NFY[KC NFP[L FFSCZ [N FPRIF BG 'P[FG' PQ FKMGN NFDKT NMRKO I[GCKO. CPYZF [N
PIKYF PKGZ [N JYSJ, RIGGF TN-KEG MMK[NGQ Y[F. FGB BKCE CINY PQ FPYZKO RKMZ FKF [FPJGVNKO PVSKEKO
PF [RIGGF CTKRKG MMK[NGQ. MN MK[NGQ CVTGN [PKZ YGCW BG
YXZKO FIN NVI FYVK IZEF. FGB NB FKF PSGDN NFPGEE TO FSKJGBXKF, FREZ[ NJKVGN FEKRPK.
NP[ZE, I[ [IKKC NNPGE NTCGE TO FPI[C. NBIZ MPF RKSKGRG NSGD FI[KVF, FVKIG GFCKJIGQ CBK-F[KVGJKG [N
RKFN CBGVQ TXPBK P[ZE [N PGSE DEGN. TO MRKS FPI[GC FZB[GQ PY[F PBGE, FQ TN FPJGVN GFQ TN FPJVN NFDKT
PI[C CTCGEG FP[ZEK. B. RI[C MTGCE PGM[Z GBIZBK CKGZ. GBGNK BU PVIKEKO. FY[Z FDPK[ GFPGCRF FRGXZ C[NC
CDNN IZEG Y[G [FVIG MB[Z NB FXNKI NNPGE NTCGE TO FPJVN GFQ MNVK BIZKO, PTNF MRKO PCKMKO, PCK[KO
B. CQ 53, R[GK GBC N[RKKO. TCE MPHMKZ K[KCF. VRF NJKVGN EKRPK PIKKC DO I[KVF [N ZD[G [NKNKKO, FQ MNVK
KBGZ PYZF C. CX]@KF, FPBVKKQ B FJKVGN FEKRPK. PJCT FECZKO, JKVGN
VK
PY[F PBE NTCGZ NY[Z TXGZ KGZ, RKKJZNK GPPGYE
RGSV CPMGR VSKMGEKRPK ZDKNF. FPZDKT, FPSKKT, FGPL GFBYJKCK FPBVKKQ B FZB[GQ
EKRPK P[PTGK NY[KKO FBIZKO CIKKF. JKVGN HF RP[L M[RF NHG FPBVKKR JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK. FY[Z FDPK[ GFVGI,
[GIZZF PQ FBK[VGH GCKY[F PQ FPJVN [NF NFP[KL CJKVGN [N PJVN GPJGVN FPBVKKR JKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK
NNKPGEKF, NTCGEF GNXB NPYGPG XKCGZKKO NNB YG[K PKGIE. T. FYG[K FP[PTGK CKGZ RPXB CPTCZ PPTZM FKISKO
FKF [KVGZ EZPJK CPXCF [N FPJGVN GFKB KMGNF FKF NIHGZ
DO Y[KKO GPDCNG FTGZZG SCKC F[KPG[ CDK[F P[NC.
YGDRKJKCK N[KRGK EVGSK FI[KCF [NF CKIS N[KTZ. CGO FJKVGN
CPYGPG VGPCKKO KGZ GKGZ. FJKVGN CI[KVF NGGF DO CTCGEF
ZGCO FDEGN [N FPYZKO FSKKPG CFXNIF P[PTGK, BL
FZJC [TZF BG DHKH YXGG. CFP[L FYKKPF DO I[KVF FP[NC JKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK GJKVGN VSKMGEKRPK.
GC[TZQ GL FKPRTG PMN FRFDG [N FZDTF TXPK CBPXTG RKMZ [N PJGVNKO [JGVNG TN-KEK PJVNKO [GRKO CDK[F
[GVT. T. FCY[F NFCKJ [GC G[GC CPGRG [N R[KO RBG [RK FPYZKO FPGCBKO MBQ PFGGKO PEDO PGL PSVZ
FJKVGN FIN, NP[N, CI[KVF NPGRG [N R[KO KVG TO [KTZ
IZEF, I[KVF [KJK BNKFO GL PRKT FFRFDGKG FMVKKKG.
Y[KKO CDK[ F'[KNGC FTGYC'
CFVZTG MVKKKG )03(. FJKVGN MNN HKFGK [N DGZPKO PTGZZK
YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK CVZGJGYGN FEGPF NJKVGN FFRFDGK FPYGCN FFKVGMGREZKG, GTO [KVGZ RKMZ CKISKO FHGDKKO GCVYGEG MBC.
BH. CPFNL FBK[VGH [RP[L M[K[F [CGTG FKB JGVNF CJKVGN P[P T G K C I Z E G [ N G , F Q C KI S N V Y G E G G F Q CI Z E G K G
[N FFVZTF, FGINJ NJVN CF CJKVGN [GRF PHF [JGVNF CG TE F J K V G N G L [ K V G Z P[ P T G K C V Y G E G C T C G E F , T O K Z K E F
NPZG [FPYZF [N T. RZBF FKF MPBKO NFCRF VSKMGEKRPK NBGZL FJKVGN FBZGL GFY[KKO [FGVKTG NBGZMG. FPJGVN SKKO B
Y[Z TO C HGDG. FPJVN [FVIF CTYCGKF, SKKTF PBGE C[KPGZ FY[Z FJKVGNK
T. FGB[PF TN-KEK BCKF [FY[Z RM[N CDNN IGSZ KMGNF NKXGZ FTHZF CYGVF [CF IZEG FKF C[KBF GFBKEKBNKHXKF [N
FBO, FBC GICZG RK[BG. RK[GBKQ BNF FSKKPG BIZK MPF [RKO. [K VDK[G [CGTKG. RZBF FKF [FMZ FGEF [N FPJGVN TN
TO B[F BIZ TGE NVRK PGF [N FBO. CFP[L, BIZK VJKZ EKRPK CDK[ VSKMGNGDKK FTXPK, [RP[L [RKO BIEG CEKZG [N
[TZF FENKN [N FBO RIGGF TN-KEF MPVIKE GEGIF. FBC KXZ Y[Z TO IZEF GTO MTS. TO SKGO F[NC FFRFDGK, FVI JKVGN
CJKVGNKO Y[KO NBGZL [RG KNEGF FZB[GRG. T. HMZF [PZBF NVIEKO [NG PCTKG CZKBGKG GNY[KKG FZICKO KGZ NFPGEE
Equot;Z JGCKF VZK
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FYNBSKG. :28 ,.lanaohcysP .J .tnI ?dnuorg nommoc ro smgidarap lavir
CTCGEO. IKZG [FGDCNF NTKO, TN-KEK FKBGZKG ± ypareht roivaheb evitingoc dna sisylanaohcysP ,.J notliM .22
.8991 ,395-665
FP Y XGT K G VG I V I NDP K[G GK XKZ KG B K[K :)4(76 ,.Q .lanaohcysP .sisylana ni laer gnitteG ,.O kineR .12
PBV[Z, DO NPJVNKO, 'IKZG' RZIC KGZ CTCGEO SVZKO, 3002.
TGNKO TN FISZGRG [FGXDG MBQ. FBV[ZG N[KNGC PKJ[N S., YGGF GVIE CVSKMGBRNKHF. VZY 7, N-BCKC, GNT .02
[KZGRGKG FPT[KKO NJGC BKMG IKKFO [N FPJGVNKO .9891 ,skooB canraK
MINYK, NB [NO GNB YGFZRJK. KIE TO HB, REPF ,nodnoL .duerF dnumgiS dna nam-flow ehT ,.M rendraG
quot;SVZKOquot; FGXBF NBGZ, N BCKC, 9991.
[GRG GPRGDEG NTKO. PCIKRF KBGZJK FGB RVS VZGKE H. )7191(. BK[ FHBCKO { PGNEGKF [N RGKZGH KNEG. .91
FPGXT [N '[KNGC TGYC', PMKN CGMG FRIG KBGZJKG FVSKMGBRNKJK. TPGE 331=431, N-BCKC, TO TGCE, 2002.
JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK TN-KEK BGG FPJVN GCZXU BIE. FPGEN VZGKH H. )9191(. EZMKF [N FZVKF FBRNKJK. CGL: FJKVGN .81
PT[KG NPGEN FP[NC JKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK TO FJKVGN FVSKMGBRNKJK. TP' 89=69, N-BCKC, TO TGCE, 2002.
VZGKE H. )2191(. TXG NZGVB TN FJKVGN FVSKMGBRNKJK. CGL: .71
RKSKRG NFXKD CTCGEF HB ZXKGRN KBGZJK GEGDPBG
5002.
SKMGO VZRXK [., CNCGN F[VG CKQ FPCGDZKO GFKNE. N-BCKC, TO TGCE, .61
TGCE, 8991.
BGDEQ ., FYXF FVZKPKJKCK [N FIGKKF. VZY 7, N-BCKC, TO .51
PIYZK [N DK[F HG. N-BCKC, TO TGCE, 2002.
CXGZF JGCF KGZ TNKFQ TO FXJCZG FRKSKGQ GCEKYF VZGKE H. )3191(. TN VKI FJKVGN. CGL: FJKVGN FVSKMGBRNKJK. .41
NBIZ [NC ZB[GQ [N FFTZCG? RZBF [RKQ KFKF NTRG .4002 ,munelP/cimedacA revulK
FIGHF FJKVGNK? FBO FJKVGN PGMRQ PZB[ BG PGXT ZY ,kroY weN ,51 pp ,.de d2 .ypareht evitingoc fo snoitacilppa
lacinilC ,.K.M nomiS ,.B gnimelF ,.J rezterP ,.A nameerF .31
FPBKPKO CPKGIE NDK[F JKVGNK HG? MKXE GPK RTZL .5991 ,sserp drofliuG ,kroY weN
C[NC HF [N FVIG FPGEN FJKVGNK. PK FO FPJGVNKO ,42-1 pp .dnoyeb dna scisaB :ypareht evitingoC ,.J.S kceB .21
[BNG I[GCG RGZG VGIG GNB PDGC[G TEKKQ .1002 ,sserP drofliuG ,kroY weN ,93-3 pp
FPKIG FFKSJGZK CKQ PJVNKO C[K FDK[G. ,.de d2 .seipareht laroivaheb-evitingoc fo koobdnaH ,).dE(
.S.K nosboD :nI .seipareht laroivaheb evitingoc eht fo sesab
CYG[K PT[K CPXKB PYGPG FM[ZF PBKPKO CDNN lacihposolihp dna lacirotsiH ,.A.J.D siozoD ,.S.K nosboD .11
KSGEK C[K FDK[G MZGMF CF[YT HPQ PZGCF GDO .6002 ,665-555 :)4(63 ,enicideM-lacigolohcysP .sgnittes
NKPGEKO GFM[ZF JGCF CMN BIE PSGDK FJKVGN. FM[ZF ecivreS htlaeH lanoitaN KU ni decitcarp sa seipareht
NFM[ZO [N FPJVNKO. FKMGN N[NC JKVGNKO PIKKC cimanydohcysp dna deretnec-nosrep ,laroivaheb-evitingoc
PDCNF RGSV CCKXGTO [N JKVGNKO P[GNCKO Y[GZF
fo ssenevitceffE ,.la te .E ggiwT ,.M mahkraB ,.B.W selitS .01
.4002 ,61-8021 :)21(16
C[RK [NCKO FCTKF PGZMC KGZ. ,yrtaihcysP .neG .hcrA .sisylana-atem A :sredrosid cirtaihc
PP[KMKO NFYKKO. MB[Z FJKVGN PGXT PZB[ MJKVGN -ysp cificeps ni yparehtohcysp cimanydohcysp mret-trohs
CSKGO F[NC FZB[GQ GBH KZGRGKF [N FFDCNF CHPQ fo ycaciffe ehT ,.E gnibieL ,.S gnubaR ,.F gnirneshcieL .9
PGCRF CNCE, GFP[MG C[NC FVSKMGEKRPK PGXT ZY
.5002 ,86-148 :68 ,.lanaohcysP
.J .tnI .atad laciripme fo weiver A ?evitceffe seipareht
F JK V G N P G MR Q C I K N G M J K V G N YG D R K J K C K - F R F DG K citylanaohcysp dna cimanydohcysp erA ,.F gnirneshcieL .8
DPK[ GVGI KGZ, DGZP NBGCERG [N KZGQ HF. NTKO .6002 ,13-71 :)1(62 ,.veR .lohcysP .nilC .sesylana-atem
GNF[RG. FSZ PDCN FHPQ, CML [FJKVGN KKP[L CBGVQ fo weiver A :ypareht laroivaheb-evitingoc fo sutats laciripme
[CPSDZQ FPJGVN TG[F PBPW PFKZ NFPKE, NZDN ehT ,.T.A kceB ,.M.E namroF ,.E.J nampahC ,.C.A reltuB .7
.7991 ,APA ,CD notgnihsaW .dlrow lanoitaler
FTGCEF [PEGCZ CPSVZ VDK[G PGDCN GPGDEZ eht dna ,ypareht roivaheb ,sisylanaohcysP ,.L.P lethcaW .6
FDG ZPKO FGZPK O NK TK NG FJKVG N FFR FDG K FK B .9991 ,sserP citylanA ehT ,JN .noitargetni dna
[N FDCN FHPQ FPYGCN CJKVGN FFRFDGK. BIE noitcaretni noitca ,noitapicitrap citylanaohcysP ,.A.K knarF .5
IKSZGQ RGSU [N FPGEN FP[GNC RTGW CBGCEQ FKZGRG .4791 ,lezaM
/rennurB ,kroY weN ,ypareht xes wen ehT ,.S.H nalpaK .4
ECZ FVGDT CFYEPG FJKVGN FFRFDGK. .3002 ,.buP drofliuG ,kroY weN .ediug s'renoititcarp
MMKSGK NFKPRTG GNIZEF PFP[L FI[KVF FFRFDGK. A :ypareht amehcS ,.M raahsieW ,.S.J oksolK ,.E.J gnuoY .3
JKVGN VSKMGEKRPK GJKVGN YGDRKJKCK-FRFDGK { [KNGC BV[ZK?
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 7( { FDFF 1

8. 8 [ K I G { MZL Mquot;C, IGC' PS' 2, PZS 8002
.1002 ,skooB .6002 ,271-161
matnaB ,kroY weN ,.de veR .snoislupmoc dna snoissesbo :)2(61 ,hcraeseR-yparehtohcysP .atad margorp hcraeser evit
ruoy emocrevo ot woH !gnissesbo potS ,.R nosliW ,.B.E aoF .03 -aroballoc noisserped fo tnemtaert htlaeh latnem fo etutitsni
lanoitan eht fo gniledom stceffe-modnar A :yparehtohcysp
.3991 ,771-661 :65 ,yrtaihcysP ni stceffe tsiparehT ,.M.D tloB ,.E.B dlopmaW ,.M.D miK .72
.DSTP fo yparehtohcysp eht ot hcaorppa lanoisnemid .3002 ,373-163 :01 ,yparehtohcysP dna ygolohcysP
-itluM :quot;amuart fo sleveLquot; ,.S htE ,.T ialaG ,.Y.A velahS .92 .nilC .stceffe tsipareht fo sisylana laciripme nA :knirhsrepus
rof gnitiaW ,.la te .L navetS ,.M.J trebmaL ,.J ihsiikO .62
5002. .6002 ,APA ,CD notgnihsaW .noitargetni
YGFGJ F., MKXE PZVB FBRNKHF. TP' 98=09. N-BCKC, TO TGCE, .82 yparehtohcysp fo koobesac A ,).sdE( .J dloG .G rekcirtS .52
Equot;Z JGCKF VZK
quot;[KIGquot; 8002/3, [O: ireP aivuT { R': 7002/2/02 { )TPGE 8( { FDFF 1