8. QUESTION TO BE ASKED
Amount. ?
Colour of urine ?
Bright red ? - Lower urinary tract
- Stones
Smoky ? - Medical cause
Relation to micturition
Innitial ? - Anterior urethra
Terminal ? - Post urethra
- Prostatitis
Total ? - Bladder-cancer
- Medical cause
9. QUESTION TO BE ASKED
Clots ? Bladder/renal tumor
Painful ? Calculi, UTI
Painless ? Bladder tumor
Other urinary
symptoms ?
11. IVU
Normal Abnormal
Cystoscopy &
Cytology
Renal mass Stone Filling defect in
renal pelvis/ure
Normal Bladder tumor Lateralizing gross hematuria Renal ultrasonography or CT Evaluate/treat Retrograde ureterograp
upper tract cytology/br
Renal ultrasonography or CT Operate Retrograde ureterography &
upper tract cytology Cyst Solid Surgery
Normal Renal mass Normal Filling defect Cystoscopy & Evaluate/operate
cytology
No further Evaluate/operate Renal ultrasonography Brush biopsy/
Urologic or CT surgery
evaluation
Normal Renal mass
Renal arteriography (R/O renal artery
aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula)
Evaluate/operate