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Visite brève et pas très amusant des
origines de dualisme cartésien
Kama Pona!

Sources:

Descartes, Meditations 1 and 2.

Descartes, Principles of Philosophy Part 1, 51- 65

John Cottingham, ‘Cartesian Dualism: Theology, Metaphysics'
Talk will now be given in English rather than Toki Pona:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toki_Pona
Background and Motivation

Cottingham: Earliest work, Regulae (1628-ish), posits
separation of body and mind, abandoned

Later reasons for separation 'mixed':
- Cartesian method (building from extreme doubt) 'leads' to it,
says he (letter to Dean)
- Reasoning to 'support' theology (see letter to Dean)

Mathematical/logical corresponded with Père Mersenne
(primes guy!). Everything is 'orderly' (ordonné, l'ordre)

Theological, Metaphysical, Scientific, according to Cottingham

Didn't publish his Le Monde (heliocentric universe), so he was
somewhat 'afraid' of the RC church
Process, Meditations (1639-ish) →
Principles (1644)

Meditations establish method, Principles deal
with specifics

Meditation 1: Doubt as an extreme sport
- senses may deceive, evil demon (Nils!), God
may decide to deceive

Meditation 2: Mind is more easily/surely known
than body/sensations

Dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (and also the
more Libran: je pense donc je suis, au moins,
c'est ce que je pense, haha) Incidently this
'evolved' with his writings
Principles (bis) → Substances

G-d, primordial, depends on 'nothing' (#51)
(eek!)

'first class' substances: depend only on G-d
(#52): corporeal and thinking

corporeal: extended in space (attribute) (#53)

thinking : not extended (attribute?) (#53)

modes (properties, kind of) and attributes
(hmm, ratios?) (#56)
Principles (ter) → Distinctness

To get some 'decent' dualism (or more) going,
'stuff' must be distinct from from 'other stuff'.
#60 is the crucial turning point (my opinion!)

Only substances can be 'really' distinct (#60)

Vivid/clear understanding of x as distinct from
y ≡ x is distinct from y (#60)

If x can be understood without y, then it is
independent from y (#60) (ah, so many
questions, see controversies)
Principles (quater) → Payday (listen to:
https://youtu.be/gHNmxEyzZZg)

It is certain as a thinking thing I am really
distinct from every other thinking
substance and every other corporeal
substance (dualism and, bonus item, other
minds, imported)

G-d could join them, but could separate and
therefore they are in reality, really distinct (to
me this is somewhat Berkeleyan, incidentally,
another maths guy too) (asymettry,
counterfactuality!)
Le menage/Housework

Thought and extension as modes of
substance

Thought (of various types: desire for ice
cream, fear of wild rice, knowing triangles,
dreaming) is a mode of mind, I think..(#64)

Ordinary stuff (riz sauvage redouté, for
example) has extension
Plusieurs Controverses
Incorporality ≠ Immortality (Père Mersenne)
Architectural gap between 'thought' and
perception
Arnauld, 'missing' chains of perception, fallible
indivisibility, y is possibly necessary for x
No sense data for mind/soul after death of body
Scope/contribution of soul (what's left after the
machine operates?), deals with fragilité
Pona ! Endpiece

Detachability (metaphysical belief vs. science, tensions)

Immortality (theological, doesn't necessitate dualism,
ressurection-ready bodies)

Sharing out roles (what's left for the soul? brittleness)

Incorporality:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_MacDougall_%28doctor%
(verifiable or 'not')

Air gap/perception is biggest problem, IMO

Philosophy and science, philosophy of science

C'est tout !
(Irrelevant bonus slide)

‫يسون‬ْ ‫ل‬َ ‫ق‬َ ‫ن‬ْ ‫أ‬َ ‫ب‬ِ ‫تلئة‬ِ ‫م‬ْ ‫م‬ُ ‫وامتي‬ّ ‫ح‬َ
tomo tawa supa mi pi lon sewi li jo e kala linja mute mute
kala linja mute mute li lon insa pi tomo tawa supa mi pi lon sewi

Mon aéroglisseur est plein d'anguilles

Etc.
( )‫מיט‬ ‫פֿול‬ ‫איז‬ ‫שוועבשיף‬ ‫אם‬ָ ‫פר‬ּ ‫ײן‬ַ ‫מ‬
‫ווענגערס‬

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Descartes dualism

  • 1. Visite brève et pas très amusant des origines de dualisme cartésien Kama Pona!  Sources:  Descartes, Meditations 1 and 2.  Descartes, Principles of Philosophy Part 1, 51- 65  John Cottingham, ‘Cartesian Dualism: Theology, Metaphysics' Talk will now be given in English rather than Toki Pona: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toki_Pona
  • 2. Background and Motivation  Cottingham: Earliest work, Regulae (1628-ish), posits separation of body and mind, abandoned  Later reasons for separation 'mixed': - Cartesian method (building from extreme doubt) 'leads' to it, says he (letter to Dean) - Reasoning to 'support' theology (see letter to Dean)  Mathematical/logical corresponded with Père Mersenne (primes guy!). Everything is 'orderly' (ordonné, l'ordre)  Theological, Metaphysical, Scientific, according to Cottingham  Didn't publish his Le Monde (heliocentric universe), so he was somewhat 'afraid' of the RC church
  • 3. Process, Meditations (1639-ish) → Principles (1644)  Meditations establish method, Principles deal with specifics  Meditation 1: Doubt as an extreme sport - senses may deceive, evil demon (Nils!), God may decide to deceive  Meditation 2: Mind is more easily/surely known than body/sensations  Dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum (and also the more Libran: je pense donc je suis, au moins, c'est ce que je pense, haha) Incidently this 'evolved' with his writings
  • 4. Principles (bis) → Substances  G-d, primordial, depends on 'nothing' (#51) (eek!)  'first class' substances: depend only on G-d (#52): corporeal and thinking  corporeal: extended in space (attribute) (#53)  thinking : not extended (attribute?) (#53)  modes (properties, kind of) and attributes (hmm, ratios?) (#56)
  • 5. Principles (ter) → Distinctness  To get some 'decent' dualism (or more) going, 'stuff' must be distinct from from 'other stuff'. #60 is the crucial turning point (my opinion!)  Only substances can be 'really' distinct (#60)  Vivid/clear understanding of x as distinct from y ≡ x is distinct from y (#60)  If x can be understood without y, then it is independent from y (#60) (ah, so many questions, see controversies)
  • 6. Principles (quater) → Payday (listen to: https://youtu.be/gHNmxEyzZZg)  It is certain as a thinking thing I am really distinct from every other thinking substance and every other corporeal substance (dualism and, bonus item, other minds, imported)  G-d could join them, but could separate and therefore they are in reality, really distinct (to me this is somewhat Berkeleyan, incidentally, another maths guy too) (asymettry, counterfactuality!)
  • 7. Le menage/Housework  Thought and extension as modes of substance  Thought (of various types: desire for ice cream, fear of wild rice, knowing triangles, dreaming) is a mode of mind, I think..(#64)  Ordinary stuff (riz sauvage redouté, for example) has extension
  • 8. Plusieurs Controverses Incorporality ≠ Immortality (Père Mersenne) Architectural gap between 'thought' and perception Arnauld, 'missing' chains of perception, fallible indivisibility, y is possibly necessary for x No sense data for mind/soul after death of body Scope/contribution of soul (what's left after the machine operates?), deals with fragilité
  • 9. Pona ! Endpiece  Detachability (metaphysical belief vs. science, tensions)  Immortality (theological, doesn't necessitate dualism, ressurection-ready bodies)  Sharing out roles (what's left for the soul? brittleness)  Incorporality: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_MacDougall_%28doctor% (verifiable or 'not')  Air gap/perception is biggest problem, IMO  Philosophy and science, philosophy of science  C'est tout !
  • 10. (Irrelevant bonus slide)  ‫يسون‬ْ ‫ل‬َ ‫ق‬َ ‫ن‬ْ ‫أ‬َ ‫ب‬ِ ‫تلئة‬ِ ‫م‬ْ ‫م‬ُ ‫وامتي‬ّ ‫ح‬َ tomo tawa supa mi pi lon sewi li jo e kala linja mute mute kala linja mute mute li lon insa pi tomo tawa supa mi pi lon sewi  Mon aéroglisseur est plein d'anguilles  Etc. ( )‫מיט‬ ‫פֿול‬ ‫איז‬ ‫שוועבשיף‬ ‫אם‬ָ ‫פר‬ּ ‫ײן‬ַ ‫מ‬ ‫ווענגערס‬