Pierce's Disease FDA Regulatory Framework - Gabriel Paulino - Pierce's Disease Symposium 2008

1. Grape: Vitis vinifera Entering the Regulatory Coordinated Framework

11. Categories Total Wine, Grape and Grape Products contribution to US Economy $162 Billion Employment 1.1 Million equivalent full-time employment Agriculture Grape Growers 23,486 Grape Bearing Acres 934,750 Farm Gate Grape Sales $3.5 Billion (Highest Value Crop in US/ Largest Fruit Industry in CA) Taxes $17.1 Billion (9.1 Federal + 8 State and Local) GRAPE + CITRUS + NURSERIES Industries Revenues $20.8 Billion (Second after Corn: $26.8 and before Soybean: $18.3)

12. Categories Total Wine Industry Direct Impact Wineries 4,929 (2005) in all 50 States Wineries Sales Revenue $11.4 Billion Added Value Distribution Share of American Wine Revenue $2.7 Billion Retail and Restaurant Share of American Wine Revenue $9.8 Billion Wine-Related Tourism $27.3 Million Wine-Related Tourism Expenditure $3.0 Billion

15. Grape Production Product share for grapes in the United States (2000-2006 avg.). Source: USDA Economic Research Service

19. Grape Food/Feed Use

23. Important Vectors of Xf Glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca coagulata Blue-green sharpshooter Graphocephala atropunctata Redheaded sharpshooter Carneocephala fulgida Green Sharpshooter Draeculacephala minerva

24. Pierce’s Disease Gram negative rod fastidious Insect vectored Xylem limited PD symptoms similar to water stress

25. Pierce’s Disease Oleander Leaf Scorch Coffee Leaf Scorch Almond Leaf Scorch

26. Maple Leaf Scorch Maple Leaf Scorch Elm Leaf Scorch Oak Leaf Scorch

27. Phony Peach Fruit No leaf scorching CVC fruit and stunted growth No leaf Scorching

28. Pierce’s Disease Symptoms Leaf scorch symptom Berry desiccation “ Green Islands” Irregular periderm development “ Matchstick” petioles

29. Pierce’s Disease Symptoms Chronically infected vines have delayed growth and stunted shoots Varela et al . 2001

30. PD Threatens Other Crop Industries Specialty Crop PD Threat on Crop Production Value ($) Grape 4.0 Billion Almond 2.8 Billion Citrus 1.1 Billion Stone Fruit 1.0 Billion

32. Strategies with high potential of commercialization

39. Comparison of constructs

42. Potential Interrogations of a GM Grapevines or Rootstocks What are the data requirements?

43. Potential impact from gene introgression

44. Potential Weediness

45. Potential impact on non-target organisms

46. Transmission of molecules across graft unions