4. Network Range & Coverage
0 ~ 1m – PAN (Personal Area Network): Personal
1m ~ 1km – LAN (Local Area Network): Room, Building, Campus
1km ~ 10km – MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): City
10km ~ 1000km – WAN (Wide Area Network): Country, Continent
1000km ~ 10000km – The Internet (International Network)
12. DNS (Domain Name System)
Popular DNS Records
A: Address (IPv4)
AAAA:Address (IPv6)
NS: Name Server
CNAME: Canonical Name
MX: Mail Exchange
SOA: State Of Authority
13. IPv4
• Address Space = 2^32 = 4,294,967,296
• We are running out of IPv4 right now!
• Internal IP Addresses: 192.168.1.1
14. IPv6
• Address Space = 2^128 (2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334)
• 100 IP Addresses for every atom on earth
• World IPv6 Day June 8, 2011
• World IPv6 Launch June 6, 2012
32. Server Operating Systems
Operating System Company Hardware Platform No. of Processors Appropriate for
Windows Server
2003/2008/2012
Standard/Enterprise/Data
centre/Web Server/Small
Business
Microsoft
Intel/AMD & IA-64, Opteron
for 64-bit versions
4 (Standard)
Up to 8 (Enterprise)
Minimum 8, Maximum 64
(Datacentre)
Small, medium and large
servers
Linux (Red Hat, Mandrake,
Debian, SuSE, etc.)
Open Source Many (esp. Intel/AMD)
32 (Linux is readily used on
more than 4 CPUs)
Small to large servers
FreeBSD 9.0 Open Source
x86, Alpha, IA-64, PC-98 and
UltraSPARC
4 Small to large servers
Mac OSX Server v10.8 Apple
PowerPC with a G3, G4, or G5
processor (Apple)
2 (4 available later) Small to medium servers
NetWare Novell Intel/AMD 32 Medium to large servers
Solaris 11.1 Sun Microsystems Sparc, Intel x64 or x86 128 Medium to enterprise servers
HP-UX 11i v1.6 & HP-UX
11i v2
Hewlett-Packard PA-RISC, Intel Itanium 64 Enterprise servers
IRIX 6.5 SGI MIPS 64 Enterprise servers
AIX 5L 5.2 IBM PowerPC (RS/6000) 32 Enterprise servers
33. Web Server Applications
Web Server Vendor
Web Sites
Hosted
Percent
Apache Apache 359,441,468 53.42%
IIS Microsoft 112,303,412 16.69%
nginx NGINX Inc. 104,411,087 15.52%
GWS Google 23,029,260 3.42%