Egil Tjåland Norwegian forum for Marine Minerals/NTNU

1. DSM IN NORWAY'S EEZ - EMERGING INDUSTRY BASED ON
REGIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE
Egil Tjåland
NTNU/Norwegian Forum for Marine Minerals
10th Annual Asia Pacific Deep Sea Mining summit 2022, December 12th, Singapore

3. Members - NMM

4. Statutes and regulations for DSM in Norway
• The Seabed Minerals Act entered into force on 1 July 2019
• The law facilitates exploration for and extraction of mineral deposits
on the Norwegian continental shelf
• The administrative responsibility for seabed minerals on the
Norwegian continental shelf is assigned to the Ministry of Petroleum
and Energy
• The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) is the Ministry's specialist
agency and assists the Ministry in implementing the impact
assessment and coordinates the scientific study efforts

5. Statutes and regulations for DSM in Norway
• The NPD is designated as the national administrator for all
subsurface data acquired from the Norwegian shelf and will
carry out mapping of the mineral resources

6. Source: Regjeringen.no
Opening process in Norway Deep Sea Mining
Decision phase Q2-23
Reporting phase
Q2/3-22
Investigation
phase Q1/2-22
Program phase Q2-20-
Q2-21

7. Source: Rystad Energy, NPD
Norway’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

8. Source: Rystad Energy, NPD
Detailed map of Norway’s EEZ
Area for impact assessment –
592.000 km2

9. Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Recommended exploration area from
Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (28.10.22)
New area for impact assessment
325,000 km2

10. DSM resources discovered in Norway’s EEZ
• Cobalt-Rich Manganese Crusts (CRC)
• Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS)

11. Cobalt-Rich Manganese Crusts (CRC)
Source – Norwegian Petroleum Directorate/UiB
Manganese, Dysprosium,
Neodymium,
Scandium, Rare Earth Elements

12. Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS)
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Zink, Copper
Cobalt, Iron, Gold ++

13. Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
What have been discovered on Norway’s EEZ?
Copper, Zinc, Cobalt,
Vanadium, Tungsten
Silver, Gold, Scandium ++

14. Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Bathymetric map of Norwegian Sea

15. Source: Bergens Tidene
Sampling of sulfide deposits in the Atlantic Ocean

16. Deep Sea Mining can use geophysical techniques commonly
used in land mining and O&G industry
Source: Nature, Johansen et al., 2019
Geophysical measurements in Norway’s EEZ

17. Exploration techniques for DSM
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

18. Possible methods for Deep Sea Mining
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

19. Possible production tools for Deep Sea Mining
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

20. Deep Sea Mining System – Techno-transfer from O&G
• Riser heave
compensation
systems
• Possible dual riser
system –
recirculation of
lifting water
• Wind power assist
Source: Lesage (2020)

21. • Dynamic positioning
system – station keeping
• Monitoring, control and
communications
Source: Lesage (2020)
Deep Sea Mining System – Techno-transfer from O&G

22. Source: nautilusminerals.com
Source: Loke.com
Source: Adepthminerals.no
Deep Sea Mining equipment

23. Potential for Norwegian industry within seabed minerals
Kilde: Rystad Energy (2020)

24. Potentially several tens of thousands of jobs for
Norwegian industry within seabed minerals
Kilde: Rystad Energy (2020)

25. Conclusions
• Norway has access to a large area suitable for Deep Sea Mining
• Norway has established a law on seabed minerals (2019)
• Norway has started an impact assessment for seabed mineral (2020-
2023)
• Political decision for Deep Sea Mining exploration licencing Q2 -2023
• Political decision for Deep Sea Mining extraction licencing - ?