The document discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania based on a survey of over 1,000 respondents. Key findings include: over 60% of respondents reported knowledge of Tanzanian HIV/AIDS prevention programs; 92% thought sex education should be provided to children before they become sexually active; and 74% believed HIV/AIDS leads to children becoming orphans. While 53% saw HIV/AIDS patients as a financial burden, many felt the infected should not be ashamed or expelled from communities. The study highlights impacts on health, education, agriculture, and children and calls for improved prevention efforts, sex education in schools, and amendments to marriage age laws.

1. Gender, HIV/AIDS Transmission
and Social Economic and Social
Cultural Impact

2. Made by: Sandeep Singh
( B.Pharmacy . Cert. Medical Tourism , Cert.Internal Audit Training
Program of NABH, Pg.Cert. Quality Management In Allopatic
Clinics, MBA- Health Care Services
Masters public health, Masters Hopsital Administration (pursing),
International Fellowship On Health Technology Assessment (HTICIIT Madras In Collaboration with WHO India, NHSRC and QCI) ,Cert.
Health Technology Assessment
Iamsinghsandeep@gmail.com

3. Tanzania
Tanzania is a country in East Africa. The country’s eastern boarder is formed by
the Indian Ocean. The country is divided into 30 administration regions.
Tanzania has a tropical climate. In the highlands, temperatures range between
10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F) during cold and hot seasons respectively. The rest
of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than 20 °C (68 °F). The
hottest period extends between November and February (25–31 °C or 77–
87.8 °F) while the coldest period occurs between May and August (15–20 °C or
59–68 °F). Annual temperature is 20 °C (68.0 °F). The climate is cool in high
mountainous regions.

4. AIESEC is an international not-for profit organization that provides
students with leadership training and internship opportunities at forprofit and non-profit organizations. "AIESEC" was originally the French
acronym for Association internationale des étudiants en sciences
économiques et commerciales As of September 2013, the AIESEC network
includes over 86,000 members in 124 countries and territories. It is the
largest student run organization in the world, being present in over 2,400
universities across the globe, provides more than 24,000 leadership
experiences to its members and sends students and graduates on 20,000
international exchanges yearly.[1] AIESEC is supported by over 8,000 of
partner organizations around the globe who look to AIESEC to support
the development of youth and to access talented individuals keen on
personal growth.

5. HIV/AIDS is a major health problem globally.
UNAIDS latest report on the global AIDS epidemic
(UNAIDS, 2012) estimated that there are almost 34
million people world-wide are living with HIV/AIDSmore than ever before.
 This is due to the positive effect of anti retroviral
therapy that provides the life-prolonging effect.
 Sub-Saharan Africa is the world’s most severely
affected area with 69% of all people living with
HIV/AIDS.



6. Acquired means you can get infected by it and you
can infect someone.
 Immune deficiency - particular form of weakness in
human body which has function to fight against
diseases.
 Syndrome - particular group of health related
problems that constitute the disease (HIVaids.org
2008-2010)
 AIDS happen due to a particular virus called HIV


7. HIV/AIDS can be caused by different factors the first
one and the main being having unprotected sex
with an already infected person, sharing of needles
or sharp objects, infant born from an infected
mother’s womb, particular transfusion of an
infected blood.
 HIV/AIDS affects up to 50% of people in groups both
most at risk and most stigmatized such as sex
workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex
with men.


8. Need of the study
 This study proposes to explore the Impact of
HIV/AIDS on Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Scope
In order to study the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Dar Es
Salaam, Tanzania, the researcher interacted
with:
The patients and staff of a few hospitals;
The students of different organizations

9. 



Impact on children being orphaned by
HIV/AIDS.
Impact of sex education
Social and economic Impact
Policies In Tanzania and its impact

10. Primary data
With the help of questionnaires circulated in a few
hospitals of Dar es Salaam;Universities and other
educational institute and to some public places like
Malls.
By conducting focused interview with:
TACAIDS.
Chakuwama Orphanage
Dr Sameer (District Hospital)
 Secondary data: The secondary data was collected
from online journals, research papers, books and
internet sources.



11. Two patients have been taken off their HIV drugs
after bone-marrow transplants seemed to clear the
virus from their bodies, doctors report. One of the
patients has spent nearly four months without
taking medication with no sign of the virus
returning.
 The team at Brigham and Women's Hospital, in the
US, caution that it is far too soon to talk about a
cure as the virus could return at any point. The
findings were presented at the International Aids
Society Conference. (BBC News By James Gallagher,
3 July 2013)


12. 
One of the major factors that play a role in the dynamics of HIV infection
is the level of empowerment. The low level of education, especially in
women and patriarchal system puts women in a subservient position.
Consequently, women have lesser control over their own bodies and lack
negotiating skills for their protection. (Moore et al 2003)

13. 

During the last eighteen years, Tanzania has undertaken many different
approaches in attempting to slow the spread of HIV infection and
minimize its impact on individuals, families and the society in general.
Since 1983, when the first 3 AIDS cases in Tanzania were reported, the
HIV epidemic has progressed differently in various population groups
while national response has developed itself into phases of programmed
activities led by the National AIDS Control Programme since 1985.
Tanzania decreased from 7 percent to 6 percent (TACAIDS, et al., 2005;
TACAIDS et al., 2008).
Nevertheless, the number of people estimated to be infected with HIV
has held steady because of ongoing new infections, population growth,
and the availability of life-sustaining treatment for those infected. The
cumulative number of clients on anti-retroviral treatment (ART) as of
June 2012 was 626,444, surpassing the anticipated target of 440,000 by
2011 (MoHSW, 2012).

14. 
In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO)
published an interim policy on collaborative TB/HIV
activities in response to demand from countries for
immediate guidance on actions to decrease the dual
burden of tuberculosis (TB) and human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The term interim was
used because the evidence was incomplete at that
time. Since then, additional evidence has been
generated from randomized controlled trials,
observational studies, operational research and best
practices from programmatic implementation of the
collaborative TB/HIV activities recommended by the
policy.

15. The limitations are mentioned below, so that the
findings of the study can be perceived in their correct
perspective:
 Study has been restricted to one major city of
Tanzania, so the findings may not reflect the true
picture of the entire nation.
 The selection of respondents was based on the
convenience, i.e. 1062 samples. It might not be true
representative of entire universe.
 Although care has been taken to get accurate results,
yet because of the risk of ambiguities and
misinterpretation on the part of the responses, some
element of inaccuracy might have crept in.

16. Are you aware of any of your government's
programs intended to help prevent hiv infection?
yes
no
don’t know
no response
2%
27%
60%
11%
Some sixty percent of respondents reported to have
information on HIV/AIDS government programs to
reduce its impact.

17. Do you think children should be taught about
how to protect themselves from getting
HIV/AIDS before they become sexually active?
4%
2%
2%
yes
no
don’t know
no response
92%
Ninety two percent of the respondents who took part in the
survey think that children should be made aware of
HIV/AIDS before they become sexually active so as to make
them cautious and mentally prepared for their sexual
behavior once they become active.

18. Do you think children get orphaned due to
HIV/AIDS?
yes
no
don’t know
7%
no response
4%
15%
74%
Seventy four percent think that children can be
orphaned from HIV/AIDS and some seventy seven
percent have heard of such children.

19. Do you think HIV/AIDS patients increase
financial burden on the family?
4%
17%
yes
no
53%
26%
don’t know
no response
Only 53 percent perceived HIV/AIDS patients to be a
financial burden for their families.

20. RESPONDENTS
 Most of the respondents were students or those
currently having no occupation.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON HIV/AIDS
 More than two thirds of the respondents reported to
have heard about HIV/AIDS through school, Television
and Radio whereas less than a half respondents heard
about HIV aids from family members, friends and other
means. This shows that among the respondents, people
are more likely to hear about HIV/AIDS through
school, Television and Radio than from family, friends
and other means.

21. 
Seventy nine percent of the respondents disagreed
to the statement that, “Infected people should be
ashamed of themselves”. Seventy percent
disagreed to the proposition that, “Infected people
should be expelled from the community”. This
shows that more people think that HIV/AIDS is a
common social problem and it could happen to
anyone equally so there is no need to discriminate
those infected.

22. 
Only 53 percent perceived HIV/AIDS patients to be a
financial burden for their families. This is
presumably because it takes considerable time
before someone is worn out completely by the
disease to the extent that they can no longer work.
For the most part, the infected could still be
economically active and look healthy. This is also
enhanced by new drugs and medication currently in
the market that help to weaken the HIV virus and
enable the individual to live longer.

23. 
From the survey, more than sixty percent of respondents disagreed that
men needed more than one sexual partners. Also eighty five percent of
respondents disagreed that women need more than one sexual partner.
This shows generally that people disagree on having multiple sex
partners as it may spread HIV/AIDS, albeit more disagreeability for
women compared to men.

Ninety four percent of the respondent responded negatively towards
forced sex. Eleven percent have reported being forced by a third person
to have sexual intercourse with another person and some 19 percent
have reported to have been forced to have sex by their partners.

These results show that despite more people being against forced sexual
intercourse, it is still prevalent to some extent. Presumably, more women
are forced to have intercourse by their partners than it is the case for
men.

24. 



There is still the need to improve efforts to alleviate the
disease by launching more campaigns and advertising these
campaigns massively to the public.
There are issues that direct touch a child who has been
orphaned due to HIV/AIDS. The impacts are huge but
Loosing family members being the most psychological effect
to children.
HIV/AIDS affects an economy primarily through increased
mortality and morbidity.
Agriculture faces major challenges including unfavorable
international terms of trade, mounting population pressure
on land, and environmental degradation.

25. 
The government of Tanzania through the ministry
responsible should prepare curriculum that covers sex
education and family planning to be adopted by schools at
all levels from primary to High levels of education.

Very importantly government should put emphasis on two
major issues which are health and education.

There is a need of amendment in Law regarding marriage
age. According this has led to early child births which put the
mother and her child in huge danger of infection and death.