1. Mechatronic Systems
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WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
MODELING AND ANALYSIS
PRESENTED AT
4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN ENERGY
RESEARCH
By K. Vijayaraghavan1*, H. Tyagi2, M. Singh1, S. Randhawa1
1: Simon Fraser University; 2: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
*: krishna@sfu.ca

2. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Photovoltaic Module
Wind Turbine
Battery Bank
Control System
Simulation
Conclusion
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3. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
INTRODUCTION
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND
ANALYSIS
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4. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
INDIA’S CRUMBLING ELECTRICITY
INFRASTRUCTURE
•Due to rapid economic growth,
electricity demand has
skyrocketed in India
•
•
Rapid rise in the living
standards.
Increase in demand for
electricity for running
various appliances, as well
as for heating and airconditioning equipment
•Places tremendous strain on
ailing centralized grid burning
fossil fuel
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5. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA
•80,000 villages are without electricity
[1]
• Amounts to nearly 200 000 people [1]
•Many villages are un-electrifiable dues
to remoteness
•Renewable energy poses as a viable
alternative due to verstality
• As per gov. estimates, India receives
5,000tn kWh/year, of solar radiation
• Typically, it has been observed that the
wind is stronger during winter and
spring, then depletes during the summer
• Highlights the advantage of a hybrid of
both a photovoltaic module and wind
turbine system
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6. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
• The model proposed will consist of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Photovoltaic (PV) Module
Wind Turbine (WT)
Battery Bank
Microcontroller to implement control algorithms
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7. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Photovoltaic Module
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
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8. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
 Equivalent Circuit of PV
Module:
 SUNPOWER A300 Solar cell
Specifications:
Open Circuit Voc
Voltage
0.665
V
Short Circuit I-sc
Current
5.75
A
Voltage
at Vmpp
max power
0.560
V
Current
at Impp
max power
5.35
A
Maximum
Power
3.0
W
Pm
• Full module consists of 200 mono-crystalline cells all connected in series
(Value used in MATLAB simulation
• MATLAB model is implemented in a way that a current is calculated from a
given voltage, solar irradiance and ambient temperature
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9. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
TYPICAL I-V AND P-V CURVE OF PV CELL
• PV cell produces an I-V curve due to the varying source
• The point where the cell produces its maximum power, this point
is called the Maximum Power Point (MPP)
• MPP tracking algorithms are implemented to keep the cell
operating at its optimum power.
Typical I-V and P-V curves
of a PV module [7]
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10. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Wind Turbine
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
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11. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
WIND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
• Aeolos-H 500w Wind
Turbine Specifications:
Cut-in
Velocity
Vci
2.5 m/s
Cut-off
Velocity
Vco
45m/s
Rated
Velocity
Vr
• Power generation curve:
12 m/s
•MATLAB function takes in wind speed parameter and outputs a
corresponding power value as per the specifications above
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12. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Battery Bank
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
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13. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
BATTERY BANK MATHEMATICAL MODEL
• To ensure the battery is used in an efficient manner the State of Charge
must be monitored continually
•Charging Equation:
SOC(t) = SOC(t -1) + P/(1000* Cb)
(1)
•Discharging Equation:
SOC(t) = SOC(t -1) - P/(1000* Cb)
(2)
•Where Cb is the total nominal capacity of the battery in kilowatt-hours
[2]
•MATLAB function takes in the amount of power demanded (P) and
updates the SOC of the battery
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14. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Control System
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
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15. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL SYSTEM OBJECTIVES
• The interaction of all aspects in the HPS can be
•
•
•
staggering and may lead to a loss in efficiency.
These can be overcome by implementing control
mechanisms to optimize the performance of the
system.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Monitoring the State of Charge (SOC) and Depth of
Discharge (DOD) of the battery bank.
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16. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
• The point where the cell produces its
•
•
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maximum power, this point is called the
Maximum Power Point (MPP)
Perturbation and Observation Method
(P&O) was used in this simulation
This method functions by periodically
perturbing the array terminal voltage
and comparing the current PV power
output with that of the previous
perturbation cycle [10]
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17. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM
• In order for the HPS to run in a smooth and
environmentally manner optimal it must be
controlled by an effective system
• Power produced from the WT and PV module
has priority over the battery bank in providing
power to the load
• Battery is used only when the demand is higher
than the capacity of the power produced by the
WT and PV module
• The control system must also utilize any surplus
power encountered to charge the battery
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18. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM
Start
Loop
SUPPLY
LOAD
Y
Gather Data
P = (PW +
PS) - PD
PWIND (PW); PSOLAR (PS); PDEMAND (PD)
Y
BATTERY
CHARGED?
P≥0
N
ENOUGH
POWER FROM
BATTERY?
N
DISCHARGE
BATTERY TO LOAD
DUMP
SURPLUS
CHARGE BATTERY
WITH SURPLUS
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N
Y
SUPPLY
LOAD
LOAD
DEFICIT
End
Loop
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19. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM
• The PV module and WT would be connected to a controller,
which will regulate the flow of power to the load and to the
battery through assigning duty cycles to an assortment of
converters
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20. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Simulation
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
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21. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
LOAD PROFILE AND
METEOROLOGICAL DATA
•Residential lighting load
in Maharashtra was
scaled down to 80% to
its original value to be a
suitable load for the
modeled system
•Can be correlated with
typical load demands of
small urban communities
and rural villages
The meteorological data
was taken from the
National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
(NREL) [13]
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22. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
HYBRID POWER SYSTEM OUTPUT
Hourly output
of system from
meteorological
parameters
Hour
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Ambient Temp
(oC)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Systems
19
20
21
22
23
29.7
29.0
28.7
28.0
27.8
27.4
28.0
28.8
29.3
29.5
29.3
29.0
30.0
30.3
31.0
31.0
30.0
30.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
28.0
26.0
S. Irradiance.
kW/m2
Wind
Speed
(m/s)
PV
Power
(W)
WT
Power
(W)
0
4.2
1.19
74.52
0
4.5
1.01
101.46
0
6.9
0.93
477.07
0
9.3
0.74
500
0
4.8
0.69
132.27
0
0
0.59
0
0.08
0
44.46
0
0.25
0.9
140.26
0
0.44
1.8
243.03
0
0.35
2.7
195.85
0
0.68
3.6
366.08
31.10
0.83
4.5
440.14
101.46
0.76
6.3
404.13
352.92
0.59
9.3
318.96
500
0.57
12.3
312.14
500
0.44
7.8
240.64
500
0.47
7.8
261.05
500
0.28
3
155.48
0
0.11
3
58.63
0
0
3
1.01
0
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0
1.5
1.01
0
0
4.5
0.74
101.46
0.23
0
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23. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
PV POWER OUTPUT
The power output from an
efficient PV module is
directly correlated with the
solar irradiance levels
Figure shows the P-V
curves from 1000 to 1200
hours.
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24. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
PERIODS OF DEFICIT AND SURPLUS POWER
•
Graphical representation of
system’s output:
•
Output compared with load profile
to give times of deficit of surplus:
•
Power outputs were combined
and subtracted from the load
profile to give demand
•
Negative values denote deficit
while positive values give surplus.
These are used to compute the
batteries
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•
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25. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
STORAGE STATE OF CHARGE
• SOC only reduces approximately seven percent
• underscores the advantage of an hybrid power system’s ability
to reduce its storage requirement.
• The curve slopes downward when discharging and upwards
when charging
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26. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONCLUSION
• The integration of solar, wind power and a battery
•
•
•
bank can benefit the remote areas as well as urban
residential areas of India as our data supports
These facts give incentive for companies in the
renewable resource industry to penetrate this
relatively untapped market.
India, a country of vast natural resource, can become
a major player in the renewable energy sector
Efficient hybrid power systems are a step in that
direction
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27. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• The support provided by the School of Mechanical, Materials &
Energy Engineering at IIT Ropar is gratefully acknowledged.
• The authors would also like to acknowledge generous support
from SFU BC-India Mobility Initiatives (a Western Economic
Diversification Canada (WD) funded initiative) that enabled Mr.
Randhawa and Mr. Singh to travel to IIT-Ropar and to conduct a
portion of their research there. The authors would also like to
thank Mr. Nav Chima, Project Director, SFU BC-India Mobility
Initiatives, for facilitating this collaboration.
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28. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
QUESTIONS?
Questions on this project or other Queries may also be directed to
krishna@sfu.ca
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