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Databases
               for
art technological source research
        Some do’s and don’ts

            Ad Stijnman
What is art technology?

Knowledge
concerning the
production methods
of works of art or
craft, i.e. knowledge
concerning materials,
tools, machines,
techniques and sites
used in making
objects with a certain
cultural value / from
cultural heritage.

                  Art Technological Source Research
What is a source?

Any kind of
information carrier that
supplies data the
researcher can ‘read’.




               Art Technological Source Research
What is source research?

Research of sources fitting within the concept of a particular project.




                     Art Technological Source Research
What kinds of sources are there?

          Textual sources
        Audio-visual sources
         Material sources




       Art Technological Source Research
Textual sources
 Can you read?




Art Technological Source Research
Bibliography




Art Technological Source Research
Terminology & Language



                    Green in heraldry:
                    • sinople (Spanish)
                    • sinople (French)
                    • vert (English)
                    • sinopel (Dutch)
                    • grün (German)
   Art Technological Source Research
Audio-visual sources
What do you hear & see?




   Art Technological Source Research
Divide between ‘descriptive’ and ‘prescriptive’ sources




                  Art Technological Source Research
Material sources
What black is this?




Art Technological Source Research
Any place, period, art or craft




      Art Technological Source Research
Concept & material

“I think mediums can turn you on, they can excite you: they
   always let you do something in a different way, even if you
  take the same subject, if you draw it in a different way, or if
 you are forced to simplify it, to make it bold because it is too
                             finicky”

                         David Hockney




                   Art Technological Source Research
Working group Art Technological Source Research
         http://www.clericus.org/atsr/




               Art Technological Source Research
What is the purpose of your data system?

                            • To study source material
                            • To gather, select and order
                              data on the subject
                            • To disseminate and
                              exchange information on
                              the subject


                                 All this in order to develop
                                 and extend your knowledge
                                      about the subject

           Art Technological Source Research
What data system to choose?
                   The technical factor
•   Consider your needs and possibilities
•   Choose a system that goes with the content and amount of information
•   Choose hardware you can control
•   Choose software you can control

A paper card file is as good as any digital system, a Word text does well, too




                          Art Technological Source Research
What data system to choose?
    The human factor
                                •   Managers
                                •   ICT staff
                                •   Administration
                                •   Colleagues
                                •   Politicians
                                •   Journalists
                                •   Museum staff
                                •   Private collectors
                                •   Art dealers
                                      Everyone has his
                                        own schedule
                                    Do not let yourself be
                                           overruled

     Art Technological Source Research
What data system to choose?
                    The time factor
•   You know your subject best
•   Time is not an issue in research
•   A process takes the time it needs
•   You just want to get started




     Projects must be planned
         and executed with
     disregard of local interests

                         Art Technological Source Research
Who will build the data system?
                 Pro’s and con’s
• You yourself always available, knows content ↔ need know-
  how, costs a lot of your time
• Colleague in project short communication lines, knows
  content ↔ her/his know-how and time
• ICT department internal communication, knows institute ↔
  needs to know particular software, needs to make agreements
  on time, does not know content of project
• External company work by contract, specific agreements ↔
  does not know content of project, expensive
• Extra partner in the project available for the project, can
  learn within the project about the project ↔ should know
  about particular software, extra costs
                   Art Technological Source Research
How many levels are needed?

• Level 1: descriptions of sources
  with related literature
• Level 2: information units
  selected from and related to
  sources




                        Art Technological Source Research
What data fields are needed?

•   Make a wishing list
•   See what others did
•   Use standards
•   Use existing thesauri
•   Use authorized terms
•   Enter and supply data uniformly




           Keep it simple

                        Art Technological Source Research
How to process source materials?

• Orientation
• Define the subject of your
  research
• Set limitations
• Gather, select, study, enter and
  disseminate the information
• Feedback

   Continue gathering details, there
    will come a moment they start
   outlining themselves and you will
              see structure

                        Art Technological Source Research
Application in practice
http://www.virtuelles-kupferstichkabinett.de




            Art Technological Source Research

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Ad Stijnman (ICN), Databases for art technological source research: some do's and don'ts

  • 1. Databases for art technological source research Some do’s and don’ts Ad Stijnman
  • 2. What is art technology? Knowledge concerning the production methods of works of art or craft, i.e. knowledge concerning materials, tools, machines, techniques and sites used in making objects with a certain cultural value / from cultural heritage. Art Technological Source Research
  • 3. What is a source? Any kind of information carrier that supplies data the researcher can ‘read’. Art Technological Source Research
  • 4. What is source research? Research of sources fitting within the concept of a particular project. Art Technological Source Research
  • 5. What kinds of sources are there? Textual sources Audio-visual sources Material sources Art Technological Source Research
  • 6. Textual sources Can you read? Art Technological Source Research
  • 8. Terminology & Language Green in heraldry: • sinople (Spanish) • sinople (French) • vert (English) • sinopel (Dutch) • grün (German) Art Technological Source Research
  • 9. Audio-visual sources What do you hear & see? Art Technological Source Research
  • 10. Divide between ‘descriptive’ and ‘prescriptive’ sources Art Technological Source Research
  • 11. Material sources What black is this? Art Technological Source Research
  • 12. Any place, period, art or craft Art Technological Source Research
  • 13. Concept & material “I think mediums can turn you on, they can excite you: they always let you do something in a different way, even if you take the same subject, if you draw it in a different way, or if you are forced to simplify it, to make it bold because it is too finicky” David Hockney Art Technological Source Research
  • 14. Working group Art Technological Source Research http://www.clericus.org/atsr/ Art Technological Source Research
  • 15. What is the purpose of your data system? • To study source material • To gather, select and order data on the subject • To disseminate and exchange information on the subject All this in order to develop and extend your knowledge about the subject Art Technological Source Research
  • 16. What data system to choose? The technical factor • Consider your needs and possibilities • Choose a system that goes with the content and amount of information • Choose hardware you can control • Choose software you can control A paper card file is as good as any digital system, a Word text does well, too Art Technological Source Research
  • 17. What data system to choose? The human factor • Managers • ICT staff • Administration • Colleagues • Politicians • Journalists • Museum staff • Private collectors • Art dealers Everyone has his own schedule Do not let yourself be overruled Art Technological Source Research
  • 18. What data system to choose? The time factor • You know your subject best • Time is not an issue in research • A process takes the time it needs • You just want to get started Projects must be planned and executed with disregard of local interests Art Technological Source Research
  • 19. Who will build the data system? Pro’s and con’s • You yourself always available, knows content ↔ need know- how, costs a lot of your time • Colleague in project short communication lines, knows content ↔ her/his know-how and time • ICT department internal communication, knows institute ↔ needs to know particular software, needs to make agreements on time, does not know content of project • External company work by contract, specific agreements ↔ does not know content of project, expensive • Extra partner in the project available for the project, can learn within the project about the project ↔ should know about particular software, extra costs Art Technological Source Research
  • 20. How many levels are needed? • Level 1: descriptions of sources with related literature • Level 2: information units selected from and related to sources Art Technological Source Research
  • 21. What data fields are needed? • Make a wishing list • See what others did • Use standards • Use existing thesauri • Use authorized terms • Enter and supply data uniformly Keep it simple Art Technological Source Research
  • 22. How to process source materials? • Orientation • Define the subject of your research • Set limitations • Gather, select, study, enter and disseminate the information • Feedback Continue gathering details, there will come a moment they start outlining themselves and you will see structure Art Technological Source Research