The main strategy is to build the partnerships and harness the synergy to benefit the farmers through science-led development strategy built on the experiences gathered during the implementation of the project.

1. A Strategy on
Scaling up of innovative technologies for
sustainable agriculture in Karnataka
KH Anantha, CV Sameer Kumar,
Suhas P Wani & Team
Reaching the unreached!

2. Karnataka at a Glance
Source: Gumma, 2016
 Geographical area: 19 million ha
 Population: 6.11 crore (5.05% of
India’s population)
 Gross cropped area: 12.2 million ha
 Net sown area: 9.92 million ha
 Gross irrigated area: 4.11 million ha
 GIA to GCA (%): 34
 Pop-n depending on agriculture:
56%
 GSDP contribution from agriculture:
13.61%
 % share of area under pulses: 32%
 Production contribution from rainfed
agriculture: ~ 55% of total food
grain production; 75% of oilseeds
production

3. Area and productivity of major cereals
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Areacultivated(Millionha)
Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Millets
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500
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2012-13
Yield(Kg/ha)
Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Millets
 Maize is
occupying a major
share (1.3 m ha)
 Area under
sorghum is
decreasing (2.35
m ha to 1.13 m
ha)
 Millets area is also
declining (1.6 m
ha to 0.97 m ha

4. Area and productivity of major pulses
 Chickpea, pigeon
pea are major
pulses (1.77 m
ha out of 2.5 m
ha)
 Average
productivity of
pulses is
600kg/ha

5. Area and productivity of major oilseeds
 Groundnut,
sunflower,
safflower and
soybean are major
oilseeds
 The average
groundnut yield
over the five years
period (2009-10 to
2013-14) is 750 Kg
ha-1 compared to
1048 Kg ha-1 in
India

6. Technological/Agronomic constraints
 Depleting water table
 Land degradation, Low yielding cultivars, Poor mechanization
 Frequent Droughts, Climate change, Rainfall variability
 Inadequate extension system to educate farmers about improved
cultivars and technologies
 Inadequate access of farmers to quality seed and other farm inputs
 Poor adoption of improved cultivars and recommended crop production
practices.
Key constraints
Socio-economic constraints
 Fragmentation of landholding
 Labor scarcity
 High cost of cultivation
 Poor extension system
 Poor access to market
 Poor storage facilities for inputs and
output
Source: Murali Gumma 2016

7. Spatial and Temporal Variability
of Rainfall Monsoonal rainfall
Post-monsoon rainfall

8. Changes in climatic water surplus
 As a whole, reduction is seen
 Large spatial variability
 NE Karnataka shows an
increasing trend
 Not much change in the central
dry zone
 Except parts of Chamarajanagar
and Mysore, southern dry zone
shows little reduction
 Much of the Malnad region
shows decreasing water surplus
ranging from 20 to 125 mm
 Coastal zone has mixed changes
Climatic water balances computed using CRU TS 3.21 (2013) 0.5
degree gridded monthly data of University of East Anglia
Source: AVR Kesava Rao

9. Climate Change Impacts on Pigeon pea at
Gulbarga
 Pigeonpea yields
could reduce up to
16% with +2 °C. With
reduction in rainfall by
20%, yields could
reduce up to 28%
 Increase in
temperature by 2 °C
could reduce days to
flowering by four days
and physiological
maturity by nine days
 WUE reduce from 7.2
to 6.0 kg ha-1 mm-1
with +2 °C
Source: AVR Kesava Rao et al., 2013

10. Strengths/Opportunities/supportive
environment
 Krishi Bhagya Yojane
 Suvarna Krishi Grama Yojane
 Integrated Watershed Management
Program (IWMP)
 Pradhan Mantri Krishi
SinchayeeYojana (PMKSY)
 Bhoochetana
 Bhoosamrudhi
 Sujala III
 E-marketing and E-auctioning

11. Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment
(cont..)
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1.0
1.2
1.4
1961-62
1963-64
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1989-90
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1993-94
1995-96
1997-98
1999-00
2001-02
2003-04
2005-06
2007-08
2009-10
Netirrigatedarea(Millionha)
Canal Tanks Open wells Bore wells Others
Net Area Sown (ha): 9.92 million
Gross Cropped Area (ha): 12.26 million
Gross Irrigated Area (ha): 4.11 million
Gross Irrigated Area to Gross Cropped area: 33.5%

12. Traditional area with expertise farmers on pulses
cultivation (e.g., North Karnataka “Tur bowl of India”)
Innovative farmers (there are many but few….)
i) Invention of transplanting technique in pigeon
pea in Bidar district
ii) Guli method in finger millet in Kolar district
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfxhs19rxP0)
Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment
(cont..)

13. Strategies
 Agroecozoning and land use planning based on its
potential
 Soil health mapping and soil-test based fertilizer
application
 Varietal evaluation of high yielding cultivars and
strengthening seed system
 Crop diversification for sustainable intensification
AE region B:C = 6-15 B:C =2-6 Less
responsive
Northern Trans zone Maize, GN Soybean
Northern Dry zone Maize CP, PM, KS, GN,
PP
North Eastern Trans
Zone
GG, PP, soybean
Southern Trans zone Maize,
Paddy, GN
SM, FM, CP,
cotton
PP
Central Dry zone Cotton Maize, SM, CP PP, GN
North Eastern Dry zone PP, GG, CP, PM
Eastern Dry zone GN Maize, PP, FM
Source: Bhoochetana

14. Strategies
 Improving seed replacement ratio by developing sustainable
seed system
 Popularizing identified high yielding crop cultivars
 Seed multiplication and promotion of village seed banks
thru community based organizations/innovative farmers
District Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Bidar 50 99 198 396 792
Vijayapura 131 263 525 1050 2100
Kalburgi 240 480 960 1920 3840
Raichur 30 60 120 240 480
Yadgir 44 89 177 354 708
Total (Ton) 495 990 1980 3960 7920
Quality seed requirement for Pigeon pea cultivation in Karnataka
Example: Pigeon pea

15. Strategies
 Popularizing water use efficiency enhancement options
 Strengthening SWC practices
 Promotion of micro-irrigation methods in field and
horticulture crops along with proper irrigation
scheduling

16. Strategies
 Sustainable crop intensification thru fallow management
 Farmers’ participatory demonstrations -
mechanization
 Effective pest surveillance and management practices
 Decentralized approach of water harvesting and
management (life saving irrigation)

17. Strategies
 Digital agriculture; extension system
 Farmer-to-farmer videos
 Tablet based extension system
 Agro-advisories, etc

18. Strategies
 Value chain: linking farmers to markets –
livelihood enhancement
 Processing
 Storage facility
 Value addition - FPOs
Paprika Oleos (India) Ltd Source: Bhoosamrudhi
Local market price: Rs. 80/kg
Paprika Oleos price: Rs. 120/kg

19. CONSTRAINTS
(Vulnerability
context)
Transforming
structures &
processes
Outcomes
Bhoochetana
Bhoosamrudhi
Structures
Sujala, KBY, SKGY
PMKSY
Processes
Droughts
Land degradation
Climate change
Rainfall variability
Low yielding
cultivars
Improved soil health
Increased crop yield
More income
Increased well-being
Livelihood
Improvement
Natural Resource
management and
agricultural practices
Seeds
Credit MNs
Soil
Influence&access
Convergence of science-led development
initiatives

20. Pigeonpea Karnataka : Current scenario
North Karnataka and South Karnataka
Sole and inter crop
Wilt and SMD
Yield gap
SRR
ICM
Terminal moisture stress
MSP
Tur Board
Maruti
Cotton, soybean and Maize & Rabi Sorghum
Medium to heavy black soils
Innovative farmers
Climate Change

21. 21
Strategies - Strengthening Research
 Strengthening research capabilities of SAUS
 Varieties/hybrids for agro ecologies
 Vegetable types for South
 Development of cleistogamous varieties
 Wilt and SMD
 MABC
 Advanced breeding lines
Varietal Scenario in the state
Early
duration
Medium
duration

22.  Horizontal expansion
 Super early varieties with < 100 days duration for rice
fallows and dry areas.
 Popularization of hybrids and vegetable types in Rice
bunds to expand area and production.
Strategies – New niches

23. Strategies holistic approach
 Seed systems
 Holistic approach for sustainably intensifying the
systems and increasing productivity
 Establish pilot demonstrations
 New methods of dibbling, transplanting as well as
supplemental irrigation for pigeonpea-based systems
 Develop lead farmers
 Undertake the documentation and analysis of cost
benefit ratios in different eco-regions,
Success story

24. 1. Niches
2. Honey bee units
3. Staggering
4. Row ratios
5. Procurement
price
6. Subsidy
7. Pvt sector
1. 657 tones -2013
2. 507 tons in 2014
3. 750 tons 2015
4. Standards
Off Season
Expanding hybrids adoption
State Ye
ars
Locs Yield
/acre
Andhra
Pradesh
7 34 998
Telangana 7 21 1250
Karnataka 5 2 1138
Madhya
Pradesh
6 9 1674
Gujarat 2 4 1179
Odisha 3 40 523
Maharashtra 7 27 1300

25. Sprouted Pigeon Pea Meal as Feed for Broilers
Carcass & Sensory characteristics of broilers.
Utilization as feed for Broilers and tilapia
Potential as Anticalastogenic and anti diabetic
Packaged foods
Value Addition

26. Potential Partners
 Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
 University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
 University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur
 University of Agricultural Sciences, Shivamogga
 University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote
 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)
 ICAR

27. Thank you!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium