A short intro to game programming at college :D

1. Introduction to
PyGame
Abhishek Mishra hello@ideamonk.com

2. Agenda
• Games - 2d games
• Basics
• Python
• PyGame
• Examples

3. Whats inside a Game?
• Multidisciplinary Process
• Graphics
• Input Control
• Game Logic / AI
• Sound effects / Music
• Communication
• Physics, etc
• Frameworks ^ Libraries ^^

4. Basics - Drawing
• Drawing primitives
• Pixels, Square, Rect, Ellipse, etc
• Provided by development env

5. Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat

6. Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat

7. Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat

8. Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat

9. Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat

10. Basics - Surfaces
• Drawing primitives use algorithms
• Slow for repetitive work

11. Basics - Surfaces
• Drawing primitives use algorithms
• Slow for repetitive work

12. Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?

13. Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?

14. Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
A Surface / Bitmap

15. Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
RAM

16. Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
RAM

17. Basics - Surfaces
• Bitmaps
• Rectangular
• CPU Inexpensive
• Can be layered

18. Basics - Surfaces
• Bitmaps
• Rectangular
• CPU Inexpensive
• Can be layered
Sky layer
Trees
Enemies

19. Basics - Animation Again!
• Monitors have refresh rate
• Can’t draw so many surfaces on live screen
• How do we make it smooth?
• How do we sync?

20. Basics - Animation Again!
• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen

21. Basics - Animation Again!
• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen

22. Basics - Animation Again!
• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen

23. Basics - Animation Again!
• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen

24. Collision Detection

25. Collision Detection
2D Bound checks

26. Collision Detection
Pixel Perfect
http://wiki.allegro.cc/index.php?title=Pixel_Perfect_Collision

28. Ah! So many things to do?

29. Ah! So many things to do?
Enter Frameworks /
Engines/ Libraries
& other angels

30. Programming
• Lot of repetitive tasks
• Lot of things you don’t wish to figure out
• Technologies - OpenGL, DirectX, SDL
• Interfacing Libraries
• Generic set of solutions - frameworks
• Complete solutions - Game Engines,
toolsets

31. Programming
• Many options to choose from -
• DirectQB (old MSDOS days)
• Allegro (C/C++, cross platform)
• PyGame (Python, SDL)
• PyGlet (Python, OpenGL)
• XNA (Windows, XBox, dotNET, C#,VB)
• DirectX (Windows specific,VC++, C# ...)

32. Programming
• Many options to choose from -
• DirectQB (old MSDOS days)
• Allegro (C/C++, cross platform)
• PyGame (Python, SDL)
• PyGlet (Python, OpenGL)
• XNA (Windows, XBox, dotNET, C#,VB)
• DirectX (Windows specific,VC++, C# ...)

33. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

34. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

35. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

36. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

37. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

38. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

39. A Basic Game Loop
Start While player is alive
take input
find collisions
draw on buffer
put everything on screen

40. What now?
• An entertaining idea
• A Programming Language
• A Game programming framework
• Some bells, whistles & decorations

41. Python
• Dynamic, Interpreted, Interactive
• Object Oriented
• Easy to write, easy to read
• Popular - education, prototyping, quick
hacks, research, unlimited
• Batteries included
• From web to standalones

42. Python
• Free
• On many platforms (Unix, Linux, Windows,
OS X, Symbian S60, Java, BeOS)
• Lacks type declaration
• Huge library of modules

43. Python
• printf (“Hi %s”, name);
print “Hi %s” % name
• int x = 45; float y = 1.01
x = 45 y = 1.01
• int a[4] = {1,2,3,4}
a = [1,2,3,4]
a = [1,2,‘abhishek’, 4, 4.5]

44. Python
Indentation
if (name == ‘abc’):
print “Yes”
else:
print “No”

45. Python
Strings
fruit = “Apple”
fruit = ‘Apple’
fruit = “““ Apple and ‘apple” ”””
fruit = ‘‘‘ foo bar ’’’
message = “Hello %s. Total is %d” % (name, total)

46. Python
Lists
l = [1,2,3, ‘foo’, 4.5]
print l[3]
foo
l = [ [1,2,3], ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ ]
innerlist = l[0]
print innerlist
[1,2,3]

47. Python
Dictionaries
Associative key => value pairs
d = { ‘name’ : ‘Ram’, ‘age’:45 }
print d[‘name’]
print d[‘age’]
d[‘salary’] = 45000

48. Python
Loops
for (int x=0; x<10; x+=2) { // do something }
for x in range(0,10,2):
# do something

49. Python
Loops
L = [1,2,4,5,3,1]
for i in L:
print i
1
2
4
5
3
1

50. Python
Functions
def factorial( num ):
if num==1:
return 1
else:
return num * factorial(num-1)
print factorial(4)
24

51. Python
Comments
# single line comment
“““ multi
line ”””

52. Python
Modules
import math
print math.pi

53. • Based on SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer)
• Works on Windows, OSX, Linux, N900, etc
• Big array of modules, does a lot to save
time
• http://pygame.org
• $ sudo easy_install pygame

55. http://www.pygame.org/docs/
http://www.pygame.org/docs/
ref/examples.html

57. pygame.Color pygame.transform pygame.draw
pygame.Rect pygame.Surface pygame.mouse
pygame.image pygame.movie pygame.display
pygame.camera pygame.time
pygame.midi
pygame.event pygame.mixer pygame.font
...

58. Code / Demo time

59. To be continued ...