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C Sequestration in livestock production
systems : managed grasslands
Katja Klumpp
INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, Clermont Ferrand, France
COP23_Beef C, Bonn, 10Nov 2017
2
Atmosphere Soil
8.9/2400 = 0.04% =
4 ‰
The 4 pour 100 initiative was launched on 1 December 2015 during COP 21.
3
EU grasslands
How can we store more CARBON?
Avoid bare soil Cover crops Agroforestry Land restorationGrasslands
4
• Considerable variation linked to climat, management, vegetation type
Literature : C sequestration in grasslands (Mg C/ha.yr).
Mean 0.8 (±0.2) Mg C /ha.yr
5
C sequestration
Build up of aboveground and
belowground biomass
(leaves and roots)
–> organic matter
Photosynthesis
CO2
In the soil, through decomposition processes the
organic matter will become more and more stable
while releasing CO2.
……humus and soil organic C stock
Over time plant biomass
becomes senescent and
is incoperated in the soil
C-sequestration
CLIMAT
Land Use
Land
Management
Soil Type
At the long terme soil C stock depends on
7
C sequestration
Soil organic C
• Vegetation cover
• Fertilisation
• Crop rotations
Utilisation (export)
• Intensity and frequence
(mowing, grazing)
Import of C
+ organic fertiliser
+ composts
Losses
• Labour
• Drainage
Vegetation
Soil
Properties
Management affects C stocks and C sequestration
Synthesis of existing and emerging data:
30 grassland flux tower sites (since 2002; 173 site-yrs)
3 networks grassland sites (IRE, F, CAN, …)
58 peer viewed papers
• along a climatic gradient
• along agricultural gradient
- high and low N input (0 to 320 kgN/ha.yr)
- mowing (C; 1 to 5 cuts),
- grazing (G; 0.2 to 4 LSU/ha.yr)
Questions
• What are the effects of
• different types of grassland utilization
• intensity of grassland use
• Which management practices
• favor C sequestration ?
• loose C from soil ?
9
C sequestration in grasslands and region (Mg C/ha.yr).
• Considerable variation linked to continents
(i.e livestock production systems)
sink
source
10
C sequestration linked to grasslands age and
duration of management
• Variation linked to grassland age and the duration of constant
management
• Young grasslands often loose C (3-5yrs), then C sequestration increases
until >20yrs declining for 30-50yrs until an equilibrium is reached.
11
C sequestration linked to grasslands type and management
• Considerable variation linked to grassland type management, reflecting
the effect of grassland age
Permanent
0.75±0.2
Sown temporary
0.9±0.3
12
C sequestration linked to management and fertilisation
• Strong effect of fertilisation on C sequestration whatever
management.
• Fertilisation increases C sequestration
13
C sequestration grazing intensity (Mg C/ha.yr)
• Considerable variation linked to animal stocking rate but difficult to
define a distinct pattern from stocking rate only.
What about site fertilisation?
14
C sequestration – stocking density and fertilisation
• C sequestration increases with animal stocking rate but has different
pattern depending on site fertilisation .
*
(*) Critical stocking density??
• For fertilised pastures
15
C sequestration linked to grazing type
• C sequestration is improved under continuous grazing and low N inputs
• Grazing management type has only little effects on C sequestration at
high levels of N inputs.
Continuous Rotational
16
Soussana &Lemaire 2014
Grazing
Mowing
Animal
Production
Animal Production
Biomass Production
C SequestrationIntensification of grasslands
Stage 1
Low
Stage 2
Moderate
Stage 3
Intensive
*
*
*
0
high
Loss
C sequestration – thresholds and trade offs
• Maintain existing soil C stocks and prevent from further losses of
soil C (e.g. renovation of degraded grasslands).
• Grassland store C in average 0.8 (±0.2) Mg C/ha.yr depending on
climate, soil type, grassland age and applied management practics.
• Trade off between herbage use (forrage for grazing and cutting) and
C sequestration.
Take home message ……
Low N input High N input
threshold limits threshold limits
Grazing (LSU/ha.yr) 0.5 >1.5 2 >4
Mowing (t DM/ha.yr) 2 4 7 >12
Conclusion - comments
18
• A better understanding of drivers and interactions
with soil and vegetation types may allow to design
guidelines for carbon storing/neutral pastures.
• Carbon neutral pastures are often extensive.
However, an extensification is currently not
possible (solution: carbon markets, agricultural
subsidies).
Take home message ……Conclusion - comments
19
Mini-Papers and fact sheets on key issues linked to
“Grazing for Carbon”
- Grazing Guidelines
- Nutrients cycles
- Incentives
- Species mixtures
- Trade off’s and effects
- Monitoring
https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/focus-groups
22 EU Experts (researchers, farm advicers, farmers)
(Dissemination Summer 2018)
Thank you
20

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[COP23 LIFE BEEF CARBON EU Side Events] C sequestration in livestock production systems: managed grasslands

  • 1. 1 C Sequestration in livestock production systems : managed grasslands Katja Klumpp INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, Clermont Ferrand, France COP23_Beef C, Bonn, 10Nov 2017
  • 2. 2 Atmosphere Soil 8.9/2400 = 0.04% = 4 ‰ The 4 pour 100 initiative was launched on 1 December 2015 during COP 21.
  • 3. 3 EU grasslands How can we store more CARBON? Avoid bare soil Cover crops Agroforestry Land restorationGrasslands
  • 4. 4 • Considerable variation linked to climat, management, vegetation type Literature : C sequestration in grasslands (Mg C/ha.yr). Mean 0.8 (±0.2) Mg C /ha.yr
  • 5. 5 C sequestration Build up of aboveground and belowground biomass (leaves and roots) –> organic matter Photosynthesis CO2 In the soil, through decomposition processes the organic matter will become more and more stable while releasing CO2. ……humus and soil organic C stock Over time plant biomass becomes senescent and is incoperated in the soil C-sequestration
  • 6. CLIMAT Land Use Land Management Soil Type At the long terme soil C stock depends on
  • 7. 7 C sequestration Soil organic C • Vegetation cover • Fertilisation • Crop rotations Utilisation (export) • Intensity and frequence (mowing, grazing) Import of C + organic fertiliser + composts Losses • Labour • Drainage Vegetation Soil Properties Management affects C stocks and C sequestration
  • 8. Synthesis of existing and emerging data: 30 grassland flux tower sites (since 2002; 173 site-yrs) 3 networks grassland sites (IRE, F, CAN, …) 58 peer viewed papers • along a climatic gradient • along agricultural gradient - high and low N input (0 to 320 kgN/ha.yr) - mowing (C; 1 to 5 cuts), - grazing (G; 0.2 to 4 LSU/ha.yr) Questions • What are the effects of • different types of grassland utilization • intensity of grassland use • Which management practices • favor C sequestration ? • loose C from soil ?
  • 9. 9 C sequestration in grasslands and region (Mg C/ha.yr). • Considerable variation linked to continents (i.e livestock production systems) sink source
  • 10. 10 C sequestration linked to grasslands age and duration of management • Variation linked to grassland age and the duration of constant management • Young grasslands often loose C (3-5yrs), then C sequestration increases until >20yrs declining for 30-50yrs until an equilibrium is reached.
  • 11. 11 C sequestration linked to grasslands type and management • Considerable variation linked to grassland type management, reflecting the effect of grassland age Permanent 0.75±0.2 Sown temporary 0.9±0.3
  • 12. 12 C sequestration linked to management and fertilisation • Strong effect of fertilisation on C sequestration whatever management. • Fertilisation increases C sequestration
  • 13. 13 C sequestration grazing intensity (Mg C/ha.yr) • Considerable variation linked to animal stocking rate but difficult to define a distinct pattern from stocking rate only. What about site fertilisation?
  • 14. 14 C sequestration – stocking density and fertilisation • C sequestration increases with animal stocking rate but has different pattern depending on site fertilisation . * (*) Critical stocking density?? • For fertilised pastures
  • 15. 15 C sequestration linked to grazing type • C sequestration is improved under continuous grazing and low N inputs • Grazing management type has only little effects on C sequestration at high levels of N inputs. Continuous Rotational
  • 16. 16 Soussana &Lemaire 2014 Grazing Mowing Animal Production Animal Production Biomass Production C SequestrationIntensification of grasslands Stage 1 Low Stage 2 Moderate Stage 3 Intensive * * * 0 high Loss C sequestration – thresholds and trade offs
  • 17. • Maintain existing soil C stocks and prevent from further losses of soil C (e.g. renovation of degraded grasslands). • Grassland store C in average 0.8 (±0.2) Mg C/ha.yr depending on climate, soil type, grassland age and applied management practics. • Trade off between herbage use (forrage for grazing and cutting) and C sequestration. Take home message …… Low N input High N input threshold limits threshold limits Grazing (LSU/ha.yr) 0.5 >1.5 2 >4 Mowing (t DM/ha.yr) 2 4 7 >12 Conclusion - comments
  • 18. 18 • A better understanding of drivers and interactions with soil and vegetation types may allow to design guidelines for carbon storing/neutral pastures. • Carbon neutral pastures are often extensive. However, an extensification is currently not possible (solution: carbon markets, agricultural subsidies). Take home message ……Conclusion - comments
  • 19. 19 Mini-Papers and fact sheets on key issues linked to “Grazing for Carbon” - Grazing Guidelines - Nutrients cycles - Incentives - Species mixtures - Trade off’s and effects - Monitoring https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/focus-groups 22 EU Experts (researchers, farm advicers, farmers) (Dissemination Summer 2018)