A zero voltage-transition bidirectional dc dc converter

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IEEE SOFTWARE | EMBEDDED | MECHANICAL | ROBOTICS PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT
A ZERO-VOLTAGE-TRANSITION BIDIRECTIONAL
DC/DC CONVERTER
By
A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Department of electronics & communication Engineering in the
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
APRIL 2016

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “A ZERO-VOLTAGE-TRANSITION
BIDIRECTIONAL DC/DC CONVERTER” is the bonafide work of Mr. _____________Who
carried out the research under my supervision Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge
the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other
candidate.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D
Name Name

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A ZERO-VOLTAGE-TRANSITION
BIDIRECTIONAL DC/DC CONVERTER” Submitted to BHARATHIDASAN
UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of MASTER
OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS is a record of original work done by me the guidance of
Prof.A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., to the best of my knowledge, the work reported here
is not a part of any other thesis or work on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on
an earlier occasion to me or any other candidate.
(Student Name)
(Reg.No)
Place:
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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I am extremely glad to present my project “A ZERO-VOLTAGE-TRANSITION
BIDIRECTIONAL DC/DC CONVERTER” which is a part of my curriculum of third
semester Master of Science in Computer science. I take this opportunity to express my sincere
gratitude to those who helped me in bringing out this project work.
I would like to express my Director, Dr. K. ANANDAN, M.A.(Eco.), M.Ed., M.Phil.,(Edn.),
PGDCA., CGT., M.A.(Psy.) of who had given me an opportunity to undertake this project.
I am highly indebted to Co-Ordinator Prof. Muniappan Department of Physics and thank from
my deep heart for her valuable comments I received through my project.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., for her immense help and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
I also express my sincere thanks to the all the staff members of Computer science for their kind
advice.
And last, but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my parents and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout the project.

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ABSTRACT:
A three-level (TL) bidirectional dc/dc converter is a suitable choice for power electronic
systems with a high-voltage dc link, as the voltage stress on the switches is half and inductor
current ripple frequency is twice the converter’s switching frequency. This study proposes a
zero-voltage transition (ZVT) TL dc/dc converter to enable operation with higher switching
frequency in order to achieve higher power density and enhance efficiency. Two identical ZVT
cells, each one composed of two resonant inductors, a capacitor, and an auxiliary switch, are
integrated with the conventional TL topology to enable soft switching in all four switches in both
buck and boost operation modes. In addition, a variable dead-time control is proposed to increase
the effective duty ratio at heavy loads. The proposed soft-switching feature has been
demonstrated under different loading conditions. A 650-W prototype is designed and fabricated,
which exhibits 95.5% at full load.

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INTRODUCTION:
A three-level (TL) bidirectional dc/dc converter is a suitable choice for power electronic
systems with a high-voltage dc link, as the voltage stress on the switches is half and inductor
current ripple frequency is twice the converter’s switching frequency.
This study proposes a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) TL dc/dc converter to enable
operation with higher switching frequency in order to achieve higher power density and enhance
efficiency. Two identical ZVT cells, each one composed of two resonant inductors, a capacitor,
and an auxiliary switch, are integrated with the conventional
TL topology to enable soft switching in all four switches in both buck and boost
operation modes. In addition, a variable dead-time control is proposed to increase the effective
duty ratio at heavy loads
As a result, the passive components such as the inductors and capacitors render a large
volume. To increase the input current ripple frequency, interleaved structures are studied.
Interleaving reduces the size of the passive components but still requires high-voltage rating
switches.
In order to equally distribute the voltage stress among the switches and to use MOSFETs
at high voltages while still increasing the inductor current ripple frequency to twice the switching
frequency, a three-level (TL) output voltage buck/boost dc/dc converter has been proposed and
suggested for use in high-voltage applications .

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To increase power density through higher switching frequencies without sacrificing
converter efficiency, soft-switching techniques are employed . A common way to achieve soft
switching is to use interleaving circuits where the stored energy in the interleaving inductor is
used to discharge the parasitic capacitances of the switches . Similarly, an auxiliary inductor can
be coupled to the main inductor to reduce the cost of the circuit

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
The first stage of a battery charger in electric vehicles is a power factor correction (PFC)
circuit, which creates a second harmonic in the dc link. This harmonic is typically filtered
through a bulky dc-link capacitor.
In the conventional battery chargers, another dc/dc stage is utilized to regulate the
battery current. In this project, the second harmonic in the dc link and a new load current
compensation technique is proposed. The proposed technique replaces the second stage dc/dc
converter with a bidirectional dc/dc converter connected in parallel with the load, and requires a
secondary energy source,
i.e., a small-size capacitor. The capacitor injects 180◦ phase-shifted second harmonic
current to the dc link. Thus, the dc-link capacitor can be reduced significantly as it is only sized
for high-frequency ripples rather than being sized for low-frequency content. The proposed
method is generalized for resistive and battery loads with voltage- and current-source PFC
circuits

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Two identical soft-switching cells are deployed for each pair of switches, ensuring that all
four switches are turned on under zero voltage in both boost and buck modes. Thus, the proposed
ZVT TL converter can be operated at higher switching frequencies, the input current ripple
frequency can be doubled, and the size of the inductor can be significantly reduced. The common
issue with the soft-switching converters is the limited soft-switching operation range due to the
output current dependence of the soft-switching operation.
When the ZVT cell designed for a light-load condition operates under heavy load, the
effective on-time of the switches becomes less than the reference. To partially compensate this
negative effect on the duty ratio of the main switch, the auxiliary switch is controlled through
adjusting the dead time with respect to peak inductor current.

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ADVANTAGES:
 Reduces the required input boost inductance and output filter capacitance by half due to
the TL structure.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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TOOLS AND SOFTWARE USED:
 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation

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APPLICATIONS:

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CONCLUSION:
In this paper, a ZVT bidirectional TL dc/dc converter, employing two identical ZVT cells
to fully soft-switch all four switches in bidirectional power flow during turning-on instants of the
main switches, has been introduced. The design procedures of the ZVT cell components were
provided. Furthermore, an actively controlled variable dead-time approach has been introduced
to minimize the reduction in the duty ratio due to the soft-switching period, during the
converter’s operation under heavy loads. A 650-W prototype has been designed to demonstrate
the operation of the converter. The peak efficiency at 200-kHz switching frequency is recorded
as 95.5%.

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REFERENCES:
[1] A. Khaligh, A. Miraoui, and D. Garret, “Guest editorial: Special section on vehicular energy-
storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 3879–3881, Oct. 2009.
[2] A. Khaligh and Z. Li, “Battery, ultracapacitor, fuel-cell, hybrid energy storage systems for
electric, hybrid electric, fuel cell, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: State-of-art,” IEEE Trans.
Veh. Technol., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2806–2814, Jul. 2010.
[3] O. Onar and A. Khaligh, “A novel integrated magnetic structure based dc/dc converter for
hybrid battery/ultra-capacitor energy storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp.
296–307, Mar. 2012.
[4] A. A. Ferreira, J. A. Pomilio, G. Spiazzi, and L. de Araujo Silva, “Energy management fuzzy
logic supervisory for electric vehicle power supplies system,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.
23, no. 1, pp. 107–115, Jan. 2008.

A zero voltage-transition bidirectional dc dc converter

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A zero voltage-transition bidirectional dc dc converter