1. Cloud, SDN, NFV
Igor Duarte Cardoso (Intel)
30th October 2016

2. A little bit about my journey so far
• Computer and Telematics Engineering (MSc) student at the University of Aveiro
• “Part-time” Researcher at IEETA: Human-Computer Interaction
• Android app Wrkout developer and designer
• MSc dissertation at Instituto de Telecomunicações: Cloud/SDN
• Researcher at Instituto de Telecomunicações: NFV
• Software Engineer at Intel: NFV
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3. Cloud, SDN, NFV
• Three big subjects in a single presentation? Hmm…
• I will give you just enough context and pointers
• So you can become an expert on your own time
• Let’s start!
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4. Cloud
• Who talks about Cloud anymore?
4Google Trends for “cloud” [1]

5. Cloud
• Who talks about Cloud anymore?
5Google Trends for “cloud computing” [2]

6. Cloud
• Mature and mainstream technology
• But still being improved over time
• Is being applied to more diverse use cases
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7. Cloud
• The official definition of Cloud Computing from NIST has the following
essential characteristics [3]:
• On-demand self-service
• Broad network access
• Resource pooling
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured service
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8. Cloud
• Recognized possible Service Models in Cloud Computing [3]:
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
• OpenStack (open-source project umbrella)
• Amazon AWS (closed-source public cloud)
• Microsoft Azure (closed-source public cloud)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) [4]
• OpenShift Origin (open-source project)
• Cloud Foundry (open-source project)
• Amazon AWS Elastic Beanstalk (closed-source public cloud)
• Microsoft Azure Web Sites (closed-source public cloud)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• G Suite by Google Cloud (closed-source public cloud)
• Oh, so many others!
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9. Cloud – Case Study
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10. Cloud – OpenStack
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• Started around 2010 as a joint project of Rackspace and NASA
• Open-source project umbrella: dozens of official projects today
• Initially used only in private clouds, it now powers public clouds, small
to large enterprises, banks or research centers, and even partly telcos
[5];

11. Cloud – OpenStack
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• Three main pillars of resources:
Get more information at the OpenStack Software Overview [6]

12. Cloud – OpenStack
12Get to know more about the different projects at [7]

13. Cloud – OpenStack
13

14. Cloud – OpenStack
14

15. Cloud – OpenStack
15

16. Cloud – OpenStack
• More information at:
• http://www.openstack.com
• The OpenStack Foundation YouTube channel [8] – 2000+ videos
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17. SDN
• Software-Defined Networking
17Google Trends for “software-defined networking” [9]

18. SDN
• Some form of SDN has been around for a long time
• SDN game-changers from 2008/2009:
• OpenFlow [10]
• Martin Casado et. al work [11][12]
• Core idea: Decouple the control plane from the data plane
• Thus express the intended state of your network in a centralized way
• The latest OpenFlow specification, 1.5.1, is available at [13]
• The SDN Architecture from ONF is available at [14]
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19. SDN
• Virtual Switches:
• OVS (Open vSwitch)
• SDN Controllers:
• OpenDaylight
• OVN (Open Virtual Network) [15]
• OpenContrail
• ONOS
• SDN protocols:
• OpenFlow
• SDN-related projects:
• Mininet (mainly network virtualization) 19

20. SDN – Case Study
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21. SDN – OpenDaylight
• The most proliferated SDN Controller available
• Open-source project
• Includes many different sub-projects, for different purposes and use-cases
[16]
• Supports many different “southbound” protocols, such as:
• OpenFlow
• OVSDB
• OpFlex
• LISP
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22. SDN – OpenDaylight
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23. SDN – Case Study
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24. SDN – Open vSwitch
• Production quality, multilayer virtual switch
• Open-source project
• OpenFlow protocol support
• The most widely used networking backend in OpenStack (Neutron) [5]
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25. SDN – Open vSwitch
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[root@myhost /]# ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int
NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036210.780s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=5,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036210.077s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=6,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036209.370s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=4,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036208.524s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=7,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036207.684s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=3,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=894698.712s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=10,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=894694.068s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,icmp6,in_port=11,icmp_type=136 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036210.424s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=5 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036209.805s, table=0, n_packets=922, n_bytes=55320, idle_age=1637, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=6 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036209.055s, table=0, n_packets=374, n_bytes=22440, idle_age=266, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=4 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036208.205s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=7 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1036207.317s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=3 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=894698.343s, table=0, n_packets=1909, n_bytes=114540, idle_age=376, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=10 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=894693.748s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=10,arp,in_port=11 actions=resubmit(,24)
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1320682.416s, table=0, n_packets=17983550, n_bytes=3350079238, idle_age=0, hard_age=65534, priority=2,in_port=1 actions=drop
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1320683.662s, table=0, n_packets=8655565, n_bytes=3415122820, idle_age=2, hard_age=65534, priority=0 actions=NORMAL
cookie=0xbb9b5773edb71cd0, duration=1320683.578s, table=23, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=65534, hard_age=65534, priority=0 actions=drop (…)

26. NFV
• Network Functions Virtualization
26Google Trends for “network functions virtualization” [17]

27. NFV
• The term was coined in 2012, with the introductory paper on NFV [18]
• The main objective is to replace custom network functions with highly
virtualized functions that can be run in standard high-volume servers
• Benefits include [18]:
• Reduced costs
• Shorter Time to Market
• Resource sharing
• Flexible service targeting
• Enables new eco-systems of participation and development
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28. NFV
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More information available at [19] and [20].

29. NFV
• Projects directly or indirectly related to NFV:
• OSM
• OPEN-O
• OPNFV
• ONP
• DPDK
• FD.io
• collectd
• OpenStack
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30. NFV
Use cases [21]:
• Use Case #1: Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure as a Service
• Use Case #2: Virtual Network Function as a Service (VNFaaS)
• Use Case #3: Virtual Network Platform as a Service (VNPaaS)
• Use Case #4: VNF Forwarding Graphs
• Use Case #5: Virtualization of Mobile Core Network and IMS
• Use Case #6 :Virtualization of the Mobile Base Station
• Use Case #7: Virtualization of the Home Environment
• Use Case #8: Virtualization of CDNs (vCDN)
• Use Case #9: Fixed Access Network Functions Virtualization
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31. Cloud, SDN, NFV
• Even though they define different scopes, criteria and objectives
• They also relate to each other in many different ways
• An example of where we can identify the three subjects:
• ETSI NFV use case #4 (VNF Forwarding Graphs) can be leveraged using Service
Function Chaining (SFC), implemented using SDN and made available for
consumption in an OpenStack Cloud (itself ETSI NFV use case #1).
• To learn more about SFCs in OpenStack, check [23] and [24].
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32. Cloud, SDN, NFV – Where to start?
No single best formula - but here’s my advice:
• Start by installing and breaking ONP and OpenStack
• Choose Open vSwitch as the networking backend, and break it too
• Understand the promise of NFV in more detail by reading official
specifications [19,20,21] and installing/breaking relevant projects
• Be curious: read the code (and hack it), code reviews, comments, mailing list
discussions – you will never be stuck waiting for more knowledge
• Consider active participation, which may include proactively reaching out to
your mentors or professors in order to get involved in something worthwhile
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33. Need more knowledge?
• Intel® Developer Zone [25]
• Intel® Cloud Builders University [26]
• Intel® Network Builders University [27]
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34. References (1)
• [1] Google Trends for “cloud”, https://www.google.com/trends/explore?date=2006-09-28%202016-10-28&q=cloud
• [2] Google Trends for “cloud computing”, https://www.google.com/trends/explore?date=2006-09-28%202016-10-
28&q=cloud%20computing
• [3] The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (Special Publication 800-145),
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-145.pdf
• [4] Ref containing the list of PaaS, from Intel TODOs
• [5] OpenStack User Survey – April 2016, https://www.openstack.org/assets/survey/April-2016-User-Survey-Report.pdf
• [6] OpenStack Software Overview, https://www.openstack.org/software/
• [7] OpenStack Project Navigator, https://www.openstack.org/software/project-navigator/
• [8] OpenStack Foundation YouTube Channel, https://www.youtube.com/user/OpenStackFoundation
• [9] Google Trends for “software-defined networking”: https://www.google.com/trends/explore?date=2006-09-28%202016-10-
28&q=software-defined%20networking
• [10] OpenFlow: Enabling Innovation in Campus Networks, http://archive.openflow.org/documents/openflow-wp-latest.pdf
• [11] FlowVisor: A Network Virtualization Layer, http://archive.openflow.org/downloads/technicalreports/openflow-tr-2009-1-
flowvisor.pdf
• [12] Martin Casado’s publications, http://yuba.stanford.edu/~casado/publications.html
• [13] OpenFlow Switch Specification Version 1.5.1, https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/onf-
specifications/openflow/openflow-switch-v1.5.1.pdf
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35. References (2)
• [14] SDN Architecture, https://www.opennetworking.org/images/stories/downloads/sdn-resources/technical-
reports/TR_SDN_ARCH_1.0_06062014.pdf
• [15] OVN: Open Virtual Network for Open vSwitch, http://openvswitch.org/support/slides/OVN-Vancouver.pdf
• [16] OpenDaylight Project list, https://wiki.opendaylight.org/view/Project_list
• [17] Google Trends for “network functions virtualization”: https://www.google.com/trends/explore?date=2011-09-28%202016-10-
28&q=network%20functions%20virtualization
• [18] Network Functions Virtualisation, https://portal.etsi.org/NFV/NFV_White_Paper.pdf
• [19] Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Architectural Framework (GS NFV 002 - V1.2.1),
http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/nfv/001_099/002/01.02.01_60/gs_nfv002v010201p.pdf
• [20] Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Management and Orchestration (GS NFV-MAN 001 - V1.1.1),
http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/NFV-MAN/001_099/001/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv-man001v010101p.pdf
• [21] Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Use Cases (GS NFV 001 V1.1.1),
http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/nfv/001_099/001/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv001v010101p.pdf
• [22] IETF SFC WG documents, https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/sfc/documents/
• [23] Wiki page for openstack/networking-sfc, https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Neutron/ServiceInsertionAndChaining
• [24] Empower your NFV Services through Service Function Chaining and SFC Graphs,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PnZiFRPLWE
• [25] Intel® Developer Zone, https://software.intel.com
• [26] Intel® Cloud Builders University, https://builders.intel.com/university/cloudbuilders
• [27] Intel® Network Builders University, https://builders.intel.com/university/networkbuilders
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36. Thank you,
let me know your questions!
Or simply find me online as igordcard.

37. Legal notices and disclaimers
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*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
© 2016 Intel Corporation.
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