International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
DOI : 10.5121/ijist.2016.6209 81
New Era of Teaching Learning : 3D Marker Based
Augmented Reality
Abhijitsinh Jadeja (HOD-PGDCA , BPCCS , KSV University, Gandhinagar)
Richa Mehta ( Lecturer BPCCS , KSV University, Gandhinagar )
Deepak Sharma( Student BPCCS , KSV University, Gandhinagar )
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this paper is to provide clarity of concepts to the students in a real like environment
through 3d visual aids that may be used to clarify or enhance understanding of a concept or process. As a
student said, “Tell me and I forget. Show me and I remember, Involve me and I understand” This paper
focuses on involving the children in understanding of the concepts in 3D environment. The traditional
method includes concept deliverance not based on visual aids. Now the modern teaching methodology
includes visual aids such as projector, transparent slides, and models in 2d environment. If visual aids are
converted from 2D to 3D environment, the student will have a live environment to understand the concepts.
Visual aids tools are available to teachers to add reality, clarity, and variety to the drill which is necessary
for students at the earlier stages of language learning. Augment Reality Development Lab is such a nice
direction to go in incorporating technology in the classroom, because it makes *learning+ more
interactive,” Sloan said. “The kids love it because they are active.
KEYWORDS
Teaching – Learning, 3D Environment , Augmented Reality , 3D Visualization
1. INTRODUCTION
The classroom lessons are engaging experiences with augmented reality (AR), a technology that
overlays digital information on top of real-world surroundings as viewed through a smart phone
or other handheld, GPS-enabled device.” It’s not just about throwing technology in these
classrooms, it’s about empowering the teachers to understand the technology,” Jochim said.
“Grasping the capability behind it gives teachers tools that are easy to use.”“This … is clearly
going torevolutionize education,”
Augmented reality (AR) is the registration of projected computer-generated images over a user’s
view of the physical world. With this extra information presented to the user, the physical world
can be enhanced or augmented beyond the user’s normal experience. The addition of information
that is spatially located relative to the user can help to improve their understanding of it. In 1965,
Sutherland described his vision for the Ultimate Display [SUTH65], with the goal of developing
systems that can generate artificial stimulus and give a human the impression that the experience
is actually real. Sutherland designed and built the first optical head mounted display (HMD) that
was used to project computer-generated imagery over the physical world. This was the first
example of an augmented reality display[SUTH68]. Virtual reality (VR) was developed later
using opaque display technology to immerse the user into a fully synthetic environment. One of
the first integrated environments was by Fisher et al., combining tracking of the head for VR with
the use of tracked gloves as an input device.Augmented reality and virtual reality share common
features

International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
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1.1. Hardware / Software requirements Specification
The main hardware components for augmented reality are:
Processor or CPU : The computer analyzes the sensed visual and other data to synthesize
and position augmentations
Display/Output : To display the output, the programmer can use any of these following
type screens, devices like:
Projection displays
CAVE-type IDesk /Iscreen Head mounts Fishbowl VR
• To do stereo, you must get a different image to each eye trivial for head mounts

shutter glasses, left & right images temporally interleaved

polarized glasses or red/blue glass

need several loudspeakers, carefully phased

might need model of listener’s head shape
Sensors : Sense users attention and emotions:
 gesture  posture  voice  eye gaze
 breathing  pulse & blood  electrical activity of  skin
pressure muscles conductance
Input devices
Techniques include the pinch glove, a wand with a button and a smart phone that signals its
position and orientation from camera images.
 joystick, trackball pressure-sensitive  Wand
stylus
 a simple way of Data glove  tracker with buttons
grasping virtual objects attache
Artificial information about the environment and its objects can be overlaid on the real
world. Augmented reality provides the students with:

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Dynamic content
Engagetechnology-driven
learnersLeverage
handheld technology
Digitally archive of Instruction
Unlike Virtual Reality (VR) that aims at replacing the perception of the world with an artificial
one, Augmented Reality (AR) has the goal of enhancing a person's perception of the surrounding
world. Being partly virtual and real, the new interface technology of AR which is able to display
relevant information at the appropriate time and location, offers many potential applications;
these include aiding in education, training, repair or maintenance, manufacturing, medicine,
battlefield, games and entertainment.
2.Review Of Literature
An ICT-supported setting may offer interesting possibilities for the learning of mathematics
because it can, and often does, provide students with several representations with which they can
work (Parnafes & diSessa, 2004). Further variation of representations may be offered by allowing
for students to make use of real objects in the virtual setting, thereby providing opportunity for
students to interact physically with the virtual objects and also providing tangible
Feedback(Scarlatos, 2006).The present paper is part of an ongoing project regarding design of
ICT-supported learning activities, which are developed in collaboration between researchers in
mathematics education, researchers/developers in media technology and high school teachers. A
central aspect in this work is to investigate the use of augmented reality(AR), a technology that
allows for mixing real-world images with computer generated images (Milgram & Kishino,
1994).
Although Sutherland already in the 1960’s (1965) developed the first AR interface, it is only
recently that researchers have explored its potential uses for formal education (Zhou et al., 2008).
Instead of the user wearing or carrying the display such as with head-mounted displays or
handheld devices, Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) makes use of digital projectors to display
graphical information onto physical objects. The key difference in SAR is that the display is
separated from the users of the system. Because the displays are not associated with each user,
SAR scales naturally up to groups of users, thus allowing for collocated collaboration between
users. SAR has several advantages over traditional head-mounted displays and handheld devices.
The user is not required to carry equipment or wear the display over their eyes. This makes spatial
AR a good candidate for collaborative work, as the users can see each other’s faces.
Augmentations cannot simply hang in the air as they do with handheld and HMD-based AR. The
tangible nature of SAR,though, makes this an ideal technology to support design, as SAR
supports both a graphical visualization and passive sensation for the end users. People are able to
touch physical objects, and it is this process that provides the passive hectic sensation

International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
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Applications
3. The computing view
Augmented Reaility Marker based experiment development is possible now , it has mainly two
vision (view).
3.1. Source view
From the user's perspective, an interaction technique is a way to develop some 3D object in
various software like 3D MAX and other softwre and make it image view and send some of the

International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
85
images to uforia for creating image QR code for ready for Augmented Reiality. Uforia send some
of the image with ready of augmented reality.
3.2. User's view
From the user interface User’s view by smart phone camera it is compulsory to develop QR code
detect apk file by which when smart phone camera we mount we can clearly see that 3D image by
our smart phone. By learner’s perspective if we set this Augmented reality and convert some
theory topic to practical base and explain some laboratory base concept in theory class only by
subject teacher.
3.3 Development Framework

International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
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3.4 Implementation of “3D Marker Based Augmented Reality”
Some original implemented Example of “3D Marker Based Augmented Reality”
4. Testing & Results
Null Hypothesis : H0 : No significance difference between evaluations scores before and
fter utilizing Marker baased Augmented Reality (AR).
Alt. Hypothesis : H1 : Significance difference between evaluations scores before and after
utilizing Marker based Augmented Reality (AR).

International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
87
17 90 8100 87 7569 3 9
18 76 5776 86 7396 -10 100
19 52 2704 78 6084 -26 676
20 44 1936 73 5329 -29 841
21 57 3249 86 7396 -29 841
22 63 3969 63 3969 0 0
23 56 3136 60 3600 -4 16
24 58 3364 86 7396 -28 784
25 84 7056 90 8100 -6 36
1627 110417 1934 152472 -307 6281
Averag
e 65.08 77.36
St. Dev. 13.464 10.692
Comp.
T -3.50
calculated at
%5
Crit. T 2.06 T from table value from d.f. of 24 for 5% significance
N before(x1) (x1^2)
after
(x2) (x2^2) diff diff ^2
1 76 5776 86 7396 -10 100
2 73 5329 76 5776 -3 9
3 64 4096 84 7056 -20 400
4 56 3136 67 4489 -11 121
5 56 3136 60 3600 -4 16
6 71 5041 87 7569 -16 256
7 81 6561 89 7921 -8 64
8 54 2916 66 4356 -12 144
9 89 7921 90 8100 -1 1
10 60 3600 78 6084 -18 324
11 52 2704 69 4761 -17 289
12 44 1936 65 4225 -21 441
13 57 3249 77 5929 -20 400
14 74 5476 93 8649 -19 361
15 55 3025 59 3481 -4 16
16 85 7225 79 6241 6 36

International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
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Critical T = 2.06 at 5% level of significance with d.o.f. (degrees of freedom) : 24 Computed
T = -3.50
Computed T falls in rejection region therefore H0 is rejected and hence H1 is accepted.
Impact : This justifies the higher performance of learners after utilizing Marker bsed
Augmented Reaility (AR).
5. CONCLUSION
Augmented Reality is such a technology through which Augmented objects can be overlayed into
the real world. This is a hot and trendy technology. In the educational field it can be used for
demonstration of various practicals. Even theoretical concepts can be made very fascinating to
learn. As per the survey conducted education done under Augmented reality showed very
positive result as compared with the traditional educational system. In future Augmented reality
will replace the traditional learning system. Augmented reality will be used E-Commerece,
Digital Marketing, Educational Resources, Industrial, Military and Medical fields. The future of
Augmented Reality is very admirable.
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