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2. NETWORKING TOPOLOGY
Presented to:
Imtiaz Hussain
Presented by:
M Hussain
Roll no: BBE/785
BS (CS) 4th semester
Session (2012-2016)
INSTITUTW OF
BUSINESS ANG
TECHNOLOGY 2

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4. Content
Networking Topology 05
Physical topology 08
Smart art graphic 09
Ring topology 10
Diagram of Ring topology 11
Advantages/disadvantages 12
Bus Topology 13
Diagram of Bus Topology 14
Advantages of Bus topology 15
Disadvantages of Bus Topology 16
Star Topology 17
Diagram of Star topology 18
Advantages/Disadvantages of Star topology 19
Tree topology 20
Mesh Topology 21
Diagram of Mesh Topology 22
Advantages/Disadvantages of Mesh Topology 23
Logical Topology 24
Two types of logical Topology 25
Reference 26 4

5. AN INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING TOPOLOGY
 Network topology is the study of the arrangement or
mapping of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a
network, especially the physical (real) and logical
(virtual) interconnections between nodes A local area
network (LAN) is one example of a network that exhibits
both a physical topology and a logical topology.
 Any particular network topology is determined only by
the graphical mapping of the configuration of physical
and/or logical connections between nodes. LAN
Network Topology is, therefore, technically a part of
graph theory.
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6. NETWORKING TOPOLOGY
Networking Topology:
The way in which the
connections are made is called the topology of the
network.
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7.  The structure of the network is divided into the
physical topology and the logical topology.
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8. PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
 refers to the configuration of the cables,
computers, and other peripherals.
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10. RING TOPOLOGY
Diagram
 Description:
 Devices are connected from one to another to
form a ring shape.
 Each host is connected to the next and the last
node is connected to the first.
 A data token1 is used to grant permission for
each computer to communicate.
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12.  Advantages:
 Easy to install and wire.
 Because every computer is given equal access to the
token, no one computer can monopolize the network.
 Disadvantages:
 Requires more cable than a bus topology.
 If one computer fails it can affect the whole network.
 It is difficult to identify the problem if the entire
network shuts down.
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13. BUS TOPOLOGY
 Diagram
 The bus topology is often used when a network
installation is small, simple, or temporary.
 Description:
 All hosts are connected to the backbone cable in a
linear fashion.
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15.  Advantages of the Bus
 There are several advantages to a bus topology:
 The bus is simple, reliable in very small networks,
easy to use, and easy to understand.
 The bus requires the least amount of cable to connect
the computers together and is therefore less expensive
than other cabling arrangements.
 It is easy to extend a bus. Two cables can be joined into
one longer cable with a BNC barrel connector, making
a longer cable and allowing more computers to join the
network.
 A repeater can also be used to extend a bus; a repeater
boosts the signal and allows it to travel a longer
distance.
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16.  Disadvantages of the Bus
 A bus topology is commonly subject to the following
disadvantages:
 Heavy network traffic can slow a bus considerably. Because any
computer can transmit at any time, and computers on most bus
networks do not coordinate with each other to reserve times to
transmit, a bus network with a lot of computers can spend a lot of
its bandwidth (capacity for transmitting information) with the
computers interrupting each other instead of communicating. The
problem only gets worse as more computers are added to the
network.
 Each barrel connector weakens the electrical signal, and too many
may prevent the signal from being correctly received all along the
bus.
 It is difficult to troubleshoot a bus. A cable break or
malfunctioning computer anywhere between two computers can
cause them not to be able to communicate with each other. A
cable break or loose connector will also cause reflections and bring
down the whole network, causing all network activity to stop.
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17. STAR TOPOLOGY
Diagram
 In a star topology, all the cables run from the computers to a
central location, where they are all connected by a device called a
hub.
 Stars are used in concentrated networks, where the endpoints are
directly reachable from a central location; when network
expansion is expected; and when the greater reliability of a star
topology is needed.
 Description:
 All hosts are connected to a single point of concentration.
 Usually uses a hub3 or switch4 as a center node.
 Range limits are about 100 meters from the hub
 Data on a star network passes through the hub or concentrator
before continuing to its destination.
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19.  Advantages:
 It is easy to modify and add new computers to a star
network without disturbing the rest of the network.
 If one node or workstation (beside the middle node) goes
down, the rest of the network will still be functional.
 The center of a star network is a good place to figure out
where the network faults are located.
 You can use several cable types in the same network if the
hub you have can handle multiple cable types.
 Disadvantages:
 Requires more cable than a bus topology.
 If the middle node goes down , then the entire network goes
down.
 It is more expensive than because all cables must be
connected to one central point.
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20. TREE TOPOLOGY
Tree topology is a combination of Bus and Star topology.
 This particular type of network topology is based on
a hierarchy of nodes. The highest level of any tree network
consists of a single, 'root' node, this node connected either
a single (or, more commonly, multiple) node(s) in the level
below by (a) point-to-point link(s). These lower level nodes are
also connected to a single or multiple nodes in the next level
down. Tree networks are not constrained to any number of
levels, but as tree networks are a variant of the bus network
topology, they are prone to crippling network failures should a
connection in a higher level of nodes fail/suffer damage. Each
node in the network has a specific, fixed number of nodes
connected to it at the next lower level in the hierarchy, this
number referred to as the 'branching factor' of the tree. This
tree has individual peripheral nodes. 20

21. MESH
Diagram
The mesh topology is distinguished by having
redundant links between devices. A true mesh
configuration has a link between each device in
the network. As you can imagine, this gets
unmanageable beyond a very small number of
devices. Most mesh topology networks are not true
mesh networks.
 Description:
 Each host is connected to all the other hosts.
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23.  Advantages:
 Increased reliability since there are multiple paths for
each node to take.
 Increased speed since shortcuts have been created by
add more cables/links.
 Disadvantages:
 The cost of cabling all the hosts together is expensive
and time consuming.
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24. LOGICAL TOPOLOGY
 refers to the method for passing information
between workstations.
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25. TWO TYPES OF LOGICAL TOPOLOGIES:
 Broadcast - This type of logical topology works on
a first come, first serve basis. The first in line
gets to be the first to be sent. Each host sends its
data to all other hosts. The Ethernet is a good
example of a broadcast logical topology.
 Token Passing - This type of logical topology
controls access by passing a token1. Each host
can only send data when it has the token1.
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26. REFERENCE
1) Cisco Networking Academy Program CCNA 1 and 2 Lab
Companion, Revised Third Edition. Cisco Press,
2005. ISBN: 158731498.
2) Computer in business P.62-65
3) Network
Topology: http://www.theapaws.net/network_topology.htm
4) The Home PC: http://thehomepc.com/networks/topology.htm
5) http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~icucart/networking_basics/networking_
topology.html
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