Karol Sikora_New developments for sustainable construction materials
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Dr. Karol Sikora presented at the Global Bamboo and Rattan Congress on developing more sustainable construction materials. Rapid urbanization is increasing the demand for construction materials like concrete, which has a large carbon footprint. New technologies allow for "greener" concrete by using materials like superabsorbent polymers or natural fibers to cure concrete and reduce cracking. Engineered wood products and cross-laminated timber allow for mass timber construction of tall buildings. Bamboo also has potential as a construction material due to its mechanical properties and sustainability, but challenges include a lack of standards and high costs.
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Karol Sikora_New developments for sustainable construction materials
- 1. New developments for sustainable construction materials Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 25-27 June, Beijing Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 2. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Outline of presentation 01 Trends โข Population โข Sustainability 02 Making concrete greener 03 Engineering natural products
- 3. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 4. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Population of urban areas in 1950
- 5. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Population of urban areas in 2000
- 6. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Population of urban areas in 2050
- 7. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Urbanization trend https://data.worldbank.org/
- 8. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 http://lostininternet.com/
- 9. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Concrete production ๏ ~1.6 m3 / person / year of concrete ๏ ~3 Gt Portland cement, consuming ~3 % of primary energy and causing ~5% of man- made CO2 emissions
- 10. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Sustainable construction materials: รผ Low embodied energy within life cycle รผ Cost competitive รผ Available locally ร more durable ร long life cycle ร less labour ร less service intensive ร better mechanical performance ร better energy conservation
- 11. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 4R: Rethink โ Reduce โ Recycle - Reuse
- 12. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Cracking mechanism in concrete Self desiccation Autogenous shrinkage Cracking
- 13. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Self desiccation Autogenous shrinkage Cracking
- 14. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Curing โข Curingย is the process in which theย concreteย is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a reasonable temperature range resulting in: โข increased strength โข decreased permeability. โข Curingย is also a key player in mitigating cracks in theย concrete, which severely impacts durability.
- 15. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 External curing โข water curing โข water pounding โข water spraying โข fog misting โข saturated coverings โข sealed curing โข water-proof paper โข plastic sheeting โข curing membranes โข Labour intensive, limited penetration in tight microstructure of High Performance Concrete [quick-mix.co.za] [larsenbuildingproducts.com][larsenbuildingproducts.com]
- 16. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 External curing โข โsupplying water throughout a freshly placed cementitious mixture using reservoirs, via pre-wetted lightweight aggregates, that readily release water as needed for hydration or to replace moisture lost through evaporation or self-desiccation.โ[American Concrete Institute] โข Light-weight aggregates (LWA) โข Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) โข Water-saturated normal-weight Aggregates (NWA) โข Wood-derived products โข Recycled aggregate
- 17. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Internal curing
- 18. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) Mechanism of swelling + water - water
- 19. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Concrete modifications by SAP
- 20. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Do we really need to modify?
- 21. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Mother Nature โproductโ [tokyotimes.com]
- 22. Historical timber structures Baling Bridge in Gansu Province, China Completed in 1398, rebuilt in 1919 and 1923. Total length 40.2m Five-storied pagoda at Horyu-ji Temple, Japan Built about 1,300 years ago Historical timber roof Glastonbury, UK 14th century medieval barn [mcgurdyco.com] Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 23. Timber structures today Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018 Tianning Pagoda in Changzhou, China Stadhaus, London, UK 9-storey apartment building Leonardo da Vinci bridge across E18 near Oslo, Norway
- 24. Timber engineering โข Traditional timber structures โ solid wood sections โข Section and length limited by size of tree โข Requirement for large span, high structural capacity members โข Advances in timber engineering has led to the development of Engineered Wood Products (EWPs) โข use of timber in more demanding applications โข small size timber bonded together with adhesive to form composite Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 25. Engineered wood products โข Oriented strand board (OSB) [siempelkamp.com, wikipedia.com] ๏ Structural insulated panels (SIPs) [insulspan.com] ๏ Timber frame [urbanrealm.com] Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 26. Engineered wood products โข Glued laminated timber (Glulam) โข Duo, Trio, Quattro Beams [ajsmith.co.uk] [gb-legname.com] Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 27. Engineered wood products โ the next generation Cross laminated timber (CLT) โข High performance material โข Massive timber construction โข Utilises small timber sizes โข Panels made of at least 3 orthogonally bonded layers of timber โข Successive layers of boards placed cross-wise Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 28. CLT Production โข Individual design โข Max. panel size: 4m x 18m โข Precision manufacturing โข CNC machining for โข Window & door openings โข Chases for services Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 29. CLT โ life cycle Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 30. 10-storey CLT building in Melbourne 7-storey CLT building in Austria 8-storey CLT building in Germany 14-storey CLT and glulam building in Norway 10-storey CLT apartment in London 18-storey CLT dormitory in Vancouver Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 31. Timber structures of the future Stockholm: Proposed 34-storey Vancouver: Proposed 30-storey ย Paris: Proposed 35-storey ย London: Proposed 80-storey ย Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 32. Next step: another combination? Timber-concrete composite โข connecting an upper concrete slab to timber: โข increase in the stiffness โข improvement of the vibration & acoustic separation โข increase the thermal mass โข replacing the lower part of a reinforced concrete section (ineffective) with timber: โข rapid erection of the timber part, with a function of permanent formwork for the concrete topping โข reduced load imposed on the foundation โข increased seismic resistance โข the possibility of using the timber as a decorative ceiling lining โข low embodied energy Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 33. Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 34. China โข Bamboo without processing in construction industry โข New bamboo-based products such as bamboo ply and laminated bamboo used for non-construction elements World โข R&D has been carried out on technology of bamboo construction to follow the trend of sustainable development in few European countries Current utilization of bamboo Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 35. Bambooโs mechanical properties โข Bamboo has low density but high stiffness, and elasticity and toughness are high enough โข Due to the unique shape of bamboo, bending resistances are same for each internode โข Hollow characteristic, high silica contents only of outer skin results in low natural durability Data source๏ผThe Institute for Manufacturing of Cambridge University Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 36. Research study Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 37. Challenges and potentials for bamboo utilization in construction China Challenges โข No national standard in China โข Perception โข High cost of bamboo construction โข Lack of technology Potentials โข Energy consumption and environmental impact โข An increasing demand for various types of structure houses in cities โข The development of engineered bamboo products โข Light weight and mechanical properties Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018
- 38. Bamboo structures of the future Dr. Karol Sikora GLOBAL BAMBOO AND RATTAN CONGRESS 2018