Classification mal occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education

OCCLUSION
• RELATIONSHIP OF THE MAXILLARY AND
MANDIBULAR TEETH WHEN THE JAWS
ARE CLOSED IN CENTRIC RELATION
WITHOUT STRAIN IN THE MUSCULATURE
OR DISPLACEMENT OF THEIR CONDYLES
IN THEIR FOSSA

TERMINOLOGY
• Anteroposterior: Overjet
• Vertical: Deep overbite, Openbite
• Transverse : Cross bite

NORMAL OCCLUSION
• In terms of molar
relation.

• Line of occlusion:
Teeth should be
arranged in a smoothly
(catenary) curving line
of occlusion.

MALOCCLUSION
• It is the normal departure from normal
relationship of teeth in the same arch or
teeth of the opposite arch.

MALOCCLUSION TYPES
• Dental (Dento-alveolar): abnormal
relationship between the teeth themselves.
• Skeletal: Both the upper and lower dentition
may be normal but there may be associated
skeletal defect.
• Skeleto-dental: Combination

CLASSIFICATION
• It is grouping of clinical cases having
similar appearance and makes ease in
comparison handling and discussion

PURPOSE OF
CLASSIFICATION
• Diagnosis and treatment planning
• Comparison
• Communication
• Thinking of the possible treatment modalities
that may be needed in a particular case.

• ANGLE SYSTEM:
Modifications: Lischers, Deweys, Howards,
Taylors
• SIMON SYSTEM
• ETILOGICAL CLASSSIFICATION BY MOYERS
• ACKERMANN AND PROFFIT CLASSIFICATION
• BALLARDS SKELETAL CLASSIFICATION

ANGLES CLASSIFICATION
• Edward H. Angle in 1899
• Class I malocclusion
• Class II malocclusion
• Class III malocclusion

CLASS I MALOCCLUSION
• Lower dental arch is in normal relation to
the upper dental arch.
• Mesiobuccal cusp of the upper Ist molar
occludes with the mesiobuccal groove of
the lower first molar.
• Irregularity of the individual teeth with
normal dental arches.
• 60 - 70% of all cases of malocclusion fall
into this class.www.indiandentalacademy.com

CLASS II MALOCCLUSION
• The distobuccal cusp of upper first
permanent molar occludes in the
mesiobuccal groove of the lower first
permanent molar.
• Class II division 1
• Class II division 2
• Class II subdivision 1
• Class II subdivision 2www.indiandentalacademy.com

Class II div 1
Extraoral features:
• Convex profile
• Deep mentolabial sulcus
• Hyperactive mentalis muscle
• Hypotonic upper lip
• Incompetent lips

Class II div 1
Intraoral features:
• Class II canine and molar relationship
• Increased overjet and overbite
• Deep curve of spee
• Constricted maxillary arch

Class II div 2
Extraoral:
• Competent lips
• Well balanced face
• Flat mandibular plane
Intraoral:
• Class II canine
• Class II molar
• Upper centrals: Retroclined
• Upper laterals :Proclined
• Upper arch: U shape
• Supraeruption: lower ant.
• Infraeruption: Lower post.

CLASS III MALOCCLUSION
• Upper permanent IInd premolar occludes
with the buccal groove of the lower Ist
permanent molar.
• Constitutes to about 3% of malocclusion
• also called Prenormal occlusion or
Mesiocclusion.

Class III malocclusion
Extraoral features:
• Concave profile
• Mentolabial sulcus: Flat
• Hypotonic lower lip
• Hypertonic upper lip
• Prominent chin
Intral oral features:
• ClassIII canine & molar
• Reverse overjet
• Curve of spee : Flat
• Lingual inclination of
lower incisors

True Class III
• Heriditary in nature
• There is a definite skeletal defect and
exhibits the following charecteristics:
→ Normal maxilla with prognathic mandible
→ Retruded maxilla with normal mandible
→ Combination of the above

Pseudo Class III
• Can occur due to following reasons:
• Early loss of deciduous posterior teeth -
Functional type of malocclusion.
• Cleft lip & palate condition: Surgery is
done in the early stage - retrained growth of
the maxilla results - Psedo class III.
• Presence of occlusal prematurities may
deflect the mandible forward.

DRAWBACKS OF ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION
• First permanent molars are not fixed points
in the skull anatomy.
• The classification of malocclusion is based
on the anteroposterior relationship only.
• The individual tooth malposition cannot be
visualised.
• When the Ist molars are extracted, this
classification cannot be applied.

DRAWBACKS OF ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION
• This classification cannot be applied to
deciduous dentition.
• The severity of malocclusion cannot be
judged from this classification.

INCISOR CLASSIFICATION
• Class I: Lower incisal edges occlude with the middle part of
the palatal surface of the upper incisors
• Class II: Lower incisal edges lie posterior to the middle part
of the palatal surface of the upper incisors.
• Class III: Lower incisal edges lie anterior to the middle part
of the palatal surface of the upper incisors.

MODIFICATIONS OF ANGLE’S
CLASSIFICATION
• LISCHERS MODIFICATION
• DEWEYS
• HOWARDS
• TAYLORS

LISCHERS MODIFICATION
Suffix “Version” indicate the direction from
the normal position.
• Mesioversion
• Infraversion
• Labio/Buccoversion
• Axiversion
• Supraversion
• Torsiversion
• Transversion

DEWEY’S MODIFICATION
He has divided Angle’s Class I into 5 types:
• Type 1: Maxillary incisors are crowded and
rotated
• Type 2: Maxillary incisors are proclined
and spaced
• Type 3: Anterior crossbite
• Type 4: Posterior cross bite
• Type 5: Similar to type I but is due to driftig
of teeth.

DEWEY’S MODIFICATION
Angles Class III into 3 types:
• Type 1: Mandibular incisors are crowded
and overlapped by maxillary incisors.
• Type 2: Upper and lower anteriors are in
edge to edge.
• Type 3: Anterior crossbite.

HOWARD’S MODIFICATION:
• Angle’s Class II: Growth problem
• Angle Class I: No growth problem
TAYLOR’S MODIFICATION
Bimaxillary protrusion: As Angle’s Class IV

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Classification mal occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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Classification mal occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy