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Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Large Language Models"
Cast Partial Dentures for Elderly
1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMYINDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental EducationLeader in continuing Dental Education
2. WHY CAST PARTIAL
DENTURES?
21st
Century is an era of conservative
dentistry & more & more emphasis laid
down on preservation of dentition &
maintenance of oral health
However in our country inspite of poor
oral health status, there is a lack of
attitude or ignorance towards oral
health resulting in loss of one or more
teeth
3. Study of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the Elderly population in
the Community (n=1240, Delhi) Shah N, Parkash H, Sundaram KR
Edentulousness, periodontal diseases
& dental caries are high among elderly
& is inversely related to income &
education level of people
Most of the elderly (60%) had poor oral
health perception specially regarding
their masticatory ability
5. PROSTHODONTIC STATUS AMONG THE
ELDERLY
15
8.3
67
6.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Complete
Edentulous
Complete
Dentures
Partial / one arch
Edentulous/
Partial Dentures
6. Oral health Care of the Elderly; Identifying the needs & feasible strategies for
service provisions (n= 96, Delhi)
35.4% Complete edentulous
56.3% Partial edentulous
100% Dentate subjects had dental caries
Periodontal problems more prevalent in
males
TMJ problems & oral mucosal lesions
Lack of attitude to utilize service
provisions
Prefer to use on-site service provisions
7. Thus there is a greatThus there is a great
demand for replacement ofdemand for replacement of
missing teethmissing teeth
9. ““ The preservation of thatThe preservation of that
which remains and not onlywhich remains and not only
the meticulous replacementthe meticulous replacement
of that which has been lost.of that which has been lost. ””
Muller DeVan (1952)Muller DeVan (1952)
THE MOTTO IS !!
10. GOALS FOR REHABILITATIONGOALS FOR REHABILITATION
Eliminate diseaseEliminate disease
Preserve what remainsPreserve what remains
Establish or increaseEstablish or increase
masticatory efficiencymasticatory efficiency
Develop & restore estheticsDevelop & restore esthetics
Maintain or improveMaintain or improve
phoneticsphonetics
11. TO FULFILL THESE
GOALS
The Cast Partial Denture is
the relatively good treatment
modality if followed
scientifically
Cost Effectiveness
12. The use of removable partialThe use of removable partial
dentures (RPD’s) has beendentures (RPD’s) has been
predicted as one of the best growthpredicted as one of the best growth
opportunities for the dentalopportunities for the dental
profession, yet the number ofprofession, yet the number of
qualified clinicians andqualified clinicians and
technicians to use thesetechnicians to use these
opportunities continues toopportunities continues to
13. Although clinically provenAlthough clinically proven
implant therapies continue toimplant therapies continue to
grow in acceptance, yet stillgrow in acceptance, yet still
RPD treatment are preferredRPD treatment are preferred
because of patients’ medical,because of patients’ medical,
financial, or oral health valuefinancial, or oral health value
limitationslimitations
14. INDICATIONS FOR CAST PARTIALINDICATIONS FOR CAST PARTIAL
DENTURESDENTURES
Great edentulous spanGreat edentulous span
No posterior abutmentNo posterior abutment
Excessive ridge resorptionExcessive ridge resorption
AgeAge
CostCost
15. Reduced periodontal supportReduced periodontal support ofof
remaining teethremaining teeth
Need forNeed for cross-archcross-arch
stabilizationstabilization
Patient’s desirePatient’s desire
Physically or emotionallyPhysically or emotionally
handicappedhandicapped
16. The correct
diagnosis
Biologically
designing the
prosthesis
Properly executing
the plan
SUCCESSFUL PROSTHODONTIC CARESUCCESSFUL PROSTHODONTIC CARE
BY CAST PARTIAL DENTURE DEPENDSBY CAST PARTIAL DENTURE DEPENDS
UPONUPON
17.
18. It is the determination of nature of the
disease
It is the process of evaluating
patient’s health as well as
resulting opinion formulated by
the clinician
OR
19. To get an over all picture
of the patient’s condition
To chart out treatment
To determine the
prognosis
IMPORTANCE OF DIAGNOSISIMPORTANCE OF DIAGNOSIS
21. The diagnostic process involves:
Analysis of Data:
Correlation of history & health
Previous Prosthodontic history
Intra & Extra-Oral examination
Interpretation of radiographs
Analyze articulated diagnostic
casts
22. SEQUENCESEQUENCE
General information (name, age, sex,
occupation)
Chief complaint with duration
Recording the relevant medical
history
Recording the relevant dental history
Performing a thorough visual &
manual extra-oral & intra-oral
examination
25. NAME, AGE & SEXNAME, AGE & SEX
Patient should be addressed by
name which would add to
personal touch & confidence of
the patient
Helps in future correspondence
Adaptability of tissues
decreases with age
26. Facility for learning &
coordination appears to
diminish with age
Males are more concerned
for comfort & function
while the women on
appearance
27. OCCUPATIONOCCUPATION
For patients whose occupations
require them to deal with the public,
appearance is usually a primary
consideration
A retired person often has more
time to play with his dentures & to
find minor problems with them
It also indicates the socioeconomic
level of the patient
28. CHIEF COMPLAINT
Chief complaint & duration should
be recorded as far as possible in the
patients own words & in
chronological order
Patients must tell what problems
they had with their old dentures
These complaint will act as a
guidance for the dentist in the area
of greatest concern to the patient
29.
30. Direct interrogation by the
dentist
Comprehensive
questionnaire
Combination of both
THERE ARE 3 BASIC TECHNIQUE FORTHERE ARE 3 BASIC TECHNIQUE FOR
OBTAINING THE INFORMATIONOBTAINING THE INFORMATION
31. Direct Interrogation Technique
This type of technique is guided by the
tone of the patient answers & can be very
revealing
Questionnaire Approach
Quick method
It can be filled by patient in waiting room
Combination Of Both
It is the best system
Form is filled by the patients & then
verbally reviewed by the dentist
32.
33. MEDICAL HISTORYMEDICAL HISTORY
Many of the removable prosthodontic
patients we treat are geriatric;
compromised health may have an
impact upon treatment
Basic aim is to determine any
condition that might affect the
procedure & out come of the
treatment
The positive health factors should be
in homeostasis against negative
factors
37. ANY RESTORATIVE OR ENDODONTICANY RESTORATIVE OR ENDODONTIC
HISTORYHISTORY
Examine all restorations on abutments
carefully, replace any questionable
restoration & ensure adequate bulk, depth
& width if placing rests
If in doubt for Endodontic history
Do it!!
38. Reason for the failure of the previous
denture???
Gives An insight into
Denture experience
Denture care
Para functional habits of the patients
N.B.
Patients who keep changing dentures in a
short period of time are difficult to satisfy
and risky to deal with
EXPERIENCE OF PREVIOUSEXPERIENCE OF PREVIOUS
DENTUREDENTURE
39. PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Determine the level of motivation
which determines the attitude of the
patient towards denture
House’s Psychological classification
Philosophical
Exacting
Indifferent
Hysterical
41. ExactingExacting
Finds faults with every
thing that is done for them
Never happy with their
previous dentist because
the previous dentist did
not followed their
instruction
Firm control of these
patients is essential
42. IndifferentIndifferent
Have little concern for their teeth
or oral health
Have little appreciation for the
efforts of their dentist
Such patients require more time
for instructions on the value &
use of dentures
43. HystericalHysterical
These patient had bad results with
previous treatment & are therefore
doubtful that any one can help them
They think the world is against them
and doubt the ability of any one helping
them
They need kind & sympathetic help as
much as they need new dentures
44. Dentist should take moreDentist should take more
time then usual, in makingtime then usual, in making
examination of theseexamination of these
patients, since care andpatients, since care and
attention will help, theattention will help, the
patient begin to developpatient begin to develop
confidence in the newconfidence in the new
dentistdentist
45. Trust & confidence in the dentist
Previous favorable experience with a
dentist
Positive attitude & ability to cope with
change
Realistic expectation of the patient
Good general health
Willingness to please the doctor
Good learning capacity
FACTORS FOR A FAVORABLE ADAPTIVE
RESPONSE TO REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURE
46. Lack of trust in the dentist
Poor communication between dentist &
patient
Previous negative experience
Unrealistic expectation
Anxiety & low tolerance to pain
Poor health & senility
Poor muscle coordination
Poor learning ability
Psychological disorders
FACTORS PRODUCING A MALADAPTIVE
RESPONSE TO REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURE
50. OBJECTIVES
Elimination of disease
Preservation, restoration &
maintenance of the health of the
remaining teeth & oral tissues
Selected replacement of lost teeth for
the purpose of restoration of function
in a manner that ensures optimum
stability & comfort in an esthetically
pleasing manner
63. ““Good lighting, a clean mouthGood lighting, a clean mouth
mirror, a sharp explorer, andmirror, a sharp explorer, and
a calibrated periodontal probea calibrated periodontal probe
are required for theare required for the
examination”examination”
64. DENTAL EXAMINATION
VisualVisual
Number & position of teeth
Carious & restored teeth present
Presence of any wear facets
Any wasting disease of teeth e.g.
abrasion, erosion etc
Malformations of teeth
Fracture of teeth
Condition of soft tissues
65. Digital & ExploratoryDigital & Exploratory
Vitality Of Teeth:
Particularly of teeth to be used
as abutments / those having
deep restorations / deep
carious lesions
Firmness / mobility of teeth
Condition of restorations present
66. The Ideal Abutment Tooth
Free from caries or restorations
Favorably contoured crown
Crown of adequate length
Healthy periodontal status
Long root with large surface area
Good vertical & horizontal position
within the arch
Stable opposing occlusion
67. PERIODONTAL EXAMINATION
Oral hygiene status
The dentist
observes whether
the patient follows
excellent, fair, or
poor oral hygiene
practices, as
evidenced by the
presence of food,
bacterial plaque or
calculus
69. PERIODONTIUM
Sulcus Depth of
Prospective Abutments
Base of the gingival
sulcus & periodontal
pockets are probed at
3 points on the buccal
surface & 3 points on
the lingual surface
This record is essential
in determining the type
of periodontal therapy,
that may be required
70. Degree of mobility of all mobile teeth
should be recorded
Class I – tooth demonstrate greater
than normal movement, but less than 1
mm of movement in any direction
Class II – tooth moves 1 mm from
normal position in any direction
Class III – tooth moves more than 2mm
in any direction, including the rotation
or depression, have an extremely poor
prognosis & usually will require
extraction
ANY TOOTH MOBILITY
71. Any open contacts
Any furcation involvement
Any high frenal
attachment
Determines selection of
mandibular major
connector
76. Any Torus Palatinus Or Mandibularis
Dentist should note, if there is any presence
of palatal or lingual tori
Generally, small tori do not have to be
removed when a patient is treated with
R.P.D.
77. Inter-ridge Distance
Normal / Reduced / Excessive
Any High Muscle attachment
Evaluation of Quantity & quality of
saliva
Serous / Mucous
Normal / Scanty / Excessive
Evaluation of space for Mandibular
Major connector
< 8mm / 8mm / > 8mm
78.
79. Complete Intraoral Radiographic Survey
o IOPA’s
o PANOREX
Objectives:
To locate areas of infection & other pathosis
that may be present
To reveal the presence of root fragments
foreign objects, bone spicules, & irregular
ridge formations
To display the presence & extent of caries &
the relation of carious lesions to the pulp &
PDL
80. To permit evaluation of existing restorations for
evidence of recurrent caries, marginal leakage &
overhanging gingival margins
To reveal the presence of root canal fillings & to
permit their evaluation as to future prognosis
To permit an evaluation of periodontal conditions
present & to establish the need and possibilities
for treatment
To evaluate the alveolar support of abutment
teeth, their number, the supporting length &
morphology of their roots
81. Bone DensityBone Density ( quality & quantity
of bone)
Determined by bone height in
radiographs
True bone height : where
lamina shows marked decrease
in opacity
82. Index AreasIndex Areas
Reaction of bone adjacent to teeth that have been
subjected to abnormal stress serves as indication
of probable reactions of that bone when such
teeth are used as abutments for fixed or
removable restorations
85. Alveolar Lamina DuraAlveolar Lamina Dura:
Thin layer of cortical bone that lines
sockets of teeth
Mesially tipped lower molar
Lamina dura thinner on coronal,
mesial & apicodistal & thicker on
coronal, distal & apicomesial
Lamina dura towards edentulous
area is heavier & trabeculations
arranged perpendicular to it
86. Root Morphology:Root Morphology:
Determine ability of perspective
abutment teeth to resist additional
rotational forces
Teeth with multiple & divergent roots
resist better than fused & conical
roots
Third Molars:Third Molars:
Unerupted 3rd
molars should be
considered as perspective future
abutments to eliminate need for
distal extension RPD’s
87. DIAGNOSTIC CASTS
It should be an accurate reproduction of
all the potential features that aid in
diagnosis
Purpose
Teeth Locations
Teeth Contours
Occlusal Plane Relationship
Residual Ridge Contour, Size & Mucosal
Consistency
89. Fabrication Of IndividualFabrication Of Individual
Impression TraysImpression Trays
May Be Used As A ConstantMay Be Used As A Constant
Reference As The WorkReference As The Work
ProgressesProgresses
Pencil marks indicating the
type of restorations, areas of
tooth surfaces to be
modified, location of rests,
design of RPD along with
path of placement & removal
for future reference & for
patient
90. Diagnostic Cast MountingDiagnostic Cast Mounting:
Occlusal plane orientation & impact on
the opposing arch
Tooth to palatal soft tissue
relationship
Tooth - to - ridge relationship
Vertically
Horizontally
91. Supplement oral examination by
permitting a view of the occlusion
from lingual and buccal aspect
Study of existing occlusion & study
of possibilities of improvement e.g.
Occlusal Adjustment
Occlusal Reconstruction
Both
92. Degree of Over closureDegree of Over closure
Amount of interocclusal space
available
Possibilities of interference to
the location of rests
Diagnostic wax-up for analysis &Diagnostic wax-up for analysis &
modification of mountedmodification of mounted
diagnostic castsdiagnostic casts
93. Permit a topographic survey of the dentalPermit a topographic survey of the dental
archarch
To determine the parallelism or lack of
parallelism of tooth surfaces involved
To determine need for mouth
preparation including
Proximal surfaces
Retentive & non-retentive areas of the
abutment teeth
Areas of interference to placement &
removal
Esthetic effects of the selected path
of insertion
94. To Permit A Logical & ComprehensiveTo Permit A Logical & Comprehensive
Presentation To The Patient Of Present & FuturePresentation To The Patient Of Present & Future
Restorative Needs & Hazards Of Future NeglectRestorative Needs & Hazards Of Future Neglect
Evidence of tooth migration & existing results
of such migration
Effects of further tooth migration
Loss of occlusal support & it’s consequences
Hazards of traumatic occlusal contacts
Cariogenic & periodontal implications of
further neglect
95. FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Depends Upon Number and Location ofDepends Upon Number and Location of
Edentulous SpanEdentulous Span
Kennedy’s Classification
CLASS I
99. Kennedy Class VKennedy Class V
An edentulous area bounded
anteriorly & posteriorly by natural
teeth but the anterior abutment
(lateral incisor) is not suitable for
support
O.C. APPLEGATE (1960)
100. Kennedy Class VIKennedy Class VI
An edentulous area in which adjacent
teeth are capable of support for a FPD, but
possible damage to the pulp might occur if
crown preparations were attempted
O.C. APPLEGATE (1960)
101. PROGNOSIS
Refers to an estimation of the
likelihood of a favorable outcome
of a treatment & is usually
expressed as :
Excellent
Good
Favorable
Unfavorable
102. POSITIVE NEGATIVE
GOOD GENERAL HEALTH POOR HEALTH
PERIODONTALLY STABLE PERIODONTAL DISEASE
(+) BONE FACTOR (-) BONE FACTOR
GOOD OCCLUSION INTERCEPTIVE OCCLUSAL
CONTACTS
ARCH INTEGRITY BAD HABIT PATTERNS
GOOD NUTRITION POOR NUTRITION
103. CONCLUSION
Diagnosis is the key to success
of any treatment
It must be sequentially carried
out to undertake proper
treatment which in turn builds the
confidence of the patient &
thereby enhances the success of
the prosthesis
104. Treatment of partially edentulous
patient requires the knowledge &
the skill of the dentist in every
phase of dental practice
Many failures in RPD treatment are
due to inadequate diagnosis &
inappropriate treatment plan