Whether you represent a large corporation, a small business, or a not-for-profit organization, it can be difficult to stay up to date on current accounting topics. Join Timothy McLaughlin, Vincent Leo, and Michael Giess for an overview of changes that may affect your organization and how to apply the most recent standards and guidance.

1. 2015 Audit & Accounting Update
presented by
Vince Leo, CPA
Tim McLaughlin, CPA
Mike Giess, CPA
November 17, 2015
Insero & Company’s 2015 Accounting & Finance Education Series

2. Vince Leo, CPA
Vince is a Partner in our Audit and Business
Advisory Services Group. He has more than
25 years’ experience serving some of the
area’s largest companies. He joined Insero &
Company as a Partner during 2002 from
Arthur Andersen where he was a Partner in
their Rochester office. He has advised his
clients on technical accounting matters, private
placements, public offerings, and numerous
acquisitions, mergers, and divestitures.

3. Tim McLaughlin, CPA
Tim has 30 years of audit and accounting experience
and is the head of our Audit and Business Advisory
Services Group. Tim is the lead partner on a wide
variety of engagements. Tim provides consulting
services to manufacturing, real estate, service, and high
tech clients.
Tim also serves as our Quality Control/Auditing and
Accounting Director and consults with our partners and
managers as well as the senior management of our
clients regarding technical audit and accounting issues.
Tim also provides litigation support and expert witness
services on a variety of accounting and auditing
engagements.

4. Mike Giess, CPA
Mike is a Partner in the Audit and Business
Advisory Services Group. He has more than
20 years of experience servicing private and
public companies in the manufacturing,
service, retail, and wholesale/distribution
sectors. Mike frequently consults with
companies on technical accounting matters
including business combinations,
implementation of new accounting
pronouncements, equity and debt
transactions, pension accounting, and revenue
recognition.

5. Agenda
• Overview
• FASB Update
• FASB Pipeline
• Cyber Security
• Economic Outlook
• Questions

6. FASB Update

7. Accounting Standards Updates

8. SUMMARY
ASU 2014-17—Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting (a
consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)
ASU 2014-18—Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Identifiable
Intangible Assets in a Business Combination (a consensus of the Private Company
Council)
ASU 2015-01—Income Statement—Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic
225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of
Extraordinary Items
ASU 2015-02—Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation
Analysis
ASU 2015-03—Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the
Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs

9. SUMMARY (continued)
ASU 2015-04—Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Practical
Expedient for the Measurement Date of an Employer’s Defined Benefit Obligation
and Plan Assets
ASU 2015-05—Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic
350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement
ASU 2015-06—Earnings Per Share (Topic 260): Effects on Historical Earnings per
Unit of Master Limited Partnership Dropdown Transactions (a consensus of the
FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)
ASU 2015-07—Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments
in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent) (a
consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)
ASU 2015-08—Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting—
Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No.
115 (SEC Update)

10. SUMMARY (continued)
ASU 2015-09—Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about
Short-Duration Contracts
ASU 2015-10—Technical Corrections and Improvements
ASU 2015-11—Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory
ASU 2015-12—Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plans (Topic 960),
Defined Contribution Pension Plans (Topic 962), Health and Welfare Benefit Plans
(Topic 965): (Part I) Fully Benefit-Responsive Investment Contracts, (Part II) Plan
Investment Disclosures, (Part III) Measurement Date Practical Expedient
(consensuses of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)
ASU 2015-13—Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Application of the Normal
Purchases and Normal Sales Scope Exception to Certain Electricity Contracts
within Nodal Energy Markets (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task
Force)

11. SUMMARY (continued)
ASU 2015-14—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of
the Effective Date
ASU 2015-15—Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation
and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-
Credit Arrangements—Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff
Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting (SEC Update)
ASU 2015-16—Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for
Measurement-Period Adjustments

12. ASU 2014-17
Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting
• Pushdown accounting refers to establishing a new basis for reporting
assets and liabilities in an acquired company’s separate financial
statements based on a push down of the buyer’s basis.
• Generally results in a step up in basis of assets and liabilities to fair
value and recording goodwill in the acquired entity’s financial
statements.
• Provides an acquired entity with an option to apply pushdown
accounting in its separate financial statements upon occurrence of an
event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity.
• Disclose information to enable users to evaluate the effect of
pushdown accounting.
• Effective upon issuance.

13. ASU 2014-18
Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for
Identifiable Intangible Assets in a Business Combination (a
consensus of the Private Company Council)
• Intended to simplify private company accounting for identifiable
intangible assets acquired in a business combination.
• Private company can elect to no longer recognize the following
separate from goodwill: (a) customer-related intangible assets unless
they are capable of being sold or licensed independently from the other
assets of the business, and (b) noncompetition agreements.
• Must also adopt the private company goodwill accounting alternative.

14. ASU 2015-01
Income Statement—Extraordinary and Unusual Items
(Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement
Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary
Items
• Eliminates from U.S. GAAP the concept of extraordinary items.
• Event or transaction that is considered to be unusual or infrequent (or
both):
 Report as a separate component of income from continuing operations
 Disclose nature and financial effects of each event
• Effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years,
beginning after December 15, 2015.

15. ASU 2015-02
Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation
Analysis
• Issued in response to concerns by stakeholders
 Legacy consolidation guidance provided information that was not useful
 Users sometimes had to request supplemental deconsolidating financial
statements
• Targeted to address concerns in the asset management industry but
new guidance will affect all companies.
• Intended to improve targeted areas of consolidation guidance for legal
entities such as limited partnerships and limited liability corporations
• May lead to consolidating entities that previously were not and
deconsolidating others.

16. ASU 2015-02 (continued)
• While the overall approach to consolidation under U.S. GAAP is not
affected (retained both the voting interest and variable interest
models), certain aspects of applying that approach were changed.
• Situations involving contractual arrangements, related parties, and
limited partnerships could trigger additional analysis or different
consolidation conclusions.
• Effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015 (for public
companies) and periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (for
private companies and not-for-profits).

17. ASU 2015-03
Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying
the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs
• Requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability
be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the
carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts.
• Better aligns GAAP with IFRS.
• Does not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt
issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements (addressed in
ASU 2015-15).
• Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 and
should be applied retrospectively.

18. ASU 2015-04
Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Practical
Expedient for the Measurement Date of an Employer’s
Defined Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets
• Applicable to an entity with a fiscal year-end that does not coincide
with a month-end (e.g., 52/53 week fiscal year).
• Provides a practical expedient that permits the entity to measure
defined benefit plan assets and obligations using the month-end that is
closest to the entity’s fiscal year-end.
• Must be applied consistently from year to year and should be applied
consistently to all plans if an entity has more than one plan.

19. ASU 2015-04
• If the practical expedient is elected, a company needs to consider
contributions or significant events (e.g., plan amendment, curtailment)
occurring between the valuation date and the period end.
Example:
A company, sponsoring a defined benefit pension plan, with a
February 2nd year end elects the practical expedient and uses
January 31st as the plan measurement date. On February 1st,
the company makes a contribution to the plan. This contribution
will need to be reflected in the valuation to report an updated
pension liability.
Note: Changes in economic conditions and interest rates do not need to be
reflected.
• Should disclose accounting policy election and the date used to
measure plan assets and liabilities.

20. ASU 2015-05
Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing
Arrangement
• Examples of cloud computing arrangements include: (a) software as a
service; (b) platform as a service; (c) infrastructure as a service; and
(d) other similar hosting arrangements.
• Previous GAAP did not include explicit guidance about a customer’s
accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement.
• If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the
customer should account for the software license element of the
arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses
(record asset and depreciate).
• If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license,
the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract
(record prepaid/operating expense).

21. ASU 2015-05 (continued)
Financial Statement Effect
Balance Sheet Treatment of up-front fee
• Capitalized or not
• If capitalized, classified as prepaid asset, intangible or
other
Income
Statement
Costs could be expensed immediately or
depreciated/amortized
Cash Flow Operating (prepaid asset) or investing (intangible)
Other Effect on EBITDA

22. ASU 2015-06
Earnings Per Share (Topic 260): Effects on Historical
Earnings per Unit of Master Limited Partnership Dropdown
Transactions

23. ASU 2015-07
Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for
Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset
Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)
• Applies to reporting entities that elect to measure the fair value of an
investment using the net asset value (NAV) per share (or its
equivalent) practical expedient.
• Eliminates the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy
all investments for which fair value is measured using the NAV
practical expedient.
• Change is being made to eliminate inconsistencies in presentation of
these investments.

24. ASU 2015-07 (continued)
• Eliminates certain disclosure requirements, primarily the roll forward for
level 3 investments valued using NAV as a practical expedient.
• Does not affect all other investments and a roll forward is still required
for level 3 investments not valued using NAV.
• Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 for public
business entities, with a one year deferral for all others. Early adoption
permitted. Apply retrospectively.

25. ASU 2015-07 (continued)
Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2016
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Cash & Cash Equivalents 250,000 - - 250,000
Equity Securities 1,500,000 - - 1,500,000
US Government Securities - 5,000,000 - 5,000,000
Corporate Bonds - 6,000,000 50,000 6,050,000
Real Estate - - 3,000,000 3,000,000
Derivatives - - 500,000 500,000
Total assets in FV Hierarchy 1,750,000 11,000,000 3,550,000 16,300,000
Investments Measured at
Net Asset Value (a)
- - - 2,225,000
Investments at Fair Value $1,750,000 $11,000,000 $3,550,000 $18,525,000
(a) In accordance with Subtopic 820-10, certain investments that were measured at net asset value
per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value
amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to
the amounts presented in the statement of financial position.

26. ASU 2015-08
Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting—
Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 115 (SEC Update)
• Amends various SEC paragraphs of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification.

27. ASU 2015-09
Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about
Short-Duration Contracts
• Applies to insurance entities that issue short-duration contracts.
• Requires additional disclosures related to the liability for unpaid claims
and claim adjustment expenses.
• Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 (for
public business entities) with a one year deferral for all others.

28. ASU 2015-10
Technical Corrections and Improvements
• Amendments cover a wide range of topics.
• Clarify and simplify existing guidance.

29. ASU 2015-11
Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of
Inventory
• Current accounting requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower
of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable
value, or net realizable value less a normal profit margin.
• ASU requires measurement of inventory at the lower of cost and net
realizable value.
• Net realizable value = estimated selling price less reasonably
predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation
• Does not apply to inventory measured using LIFO or the retail
inventory method.

30. ASU 2015-12
Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plans (Topic 960),
Defined Contribution Pension Plans (Topic 962), Health and
Welfare Benefit Plans (Topic 965): (Part I) Fully Benefit-
Responsive Investment Contracts, (Part II) Plan Investment
Disclosures, (Part III) Measurement Date Practical Expedient
• Part of the simplification initiative.
• Applies to benefit plan financial statements.
• Update is divided into three sections.

31. ASU 2015-12 (continued)
Part I—Designates contract value as the only required measurement for
fully benefit-responsive investment contracts.
Part II—Eliminates certain employee benefit plan disclosures
• Investments representing 5% or more of net assets
• Net appreciation/depreciation by investment type
• Disaggregated investment information
Part III—Provides practical expedient to permit plans to measure
investments and investment-related accounts as of a month-end date that
is closest to the plan’s fiscal year-end, when the fiscal period does not
coincide with month-end.

32. ASU 2015-13
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Application of the
Normal Purchases and Normal Sales Scope Exception to
Certain Electricity Contracts within Nodal Energy Markets
• Applies to entities that enter into contracts for the purchase or sale of
electricity on a forward basis and arrange for transmission through, or
delivery to a location within, a nodal energy market whereby one of the
contracting parties incurs charges (or credits) for the transmission of
that electricity based in part on locational marginal pricing differences
payable to (or receivable from) an independent system operator.
• Clarifies certain criteria for meeting the normal purchase and sales
scope exception.
• Effective upon issuance (August 2015) and applied prospectively.

33. ASU 2015-14
Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral
of the Effective Date
• In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance for revenue recognition.
• Effective date for the new guidance has been deferred by one year.
• Public business entities annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2017.
• All other entities annual reporting periods beginning after December
15, 2018.

34. ASU 2015-15
Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30):
Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance
Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements
• In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance requiring the
presentation of debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the
carrying amount of the related debt liability.
• That update does not address presentation or subsequent
measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit
arrangements.
• It would be acceptable for an entity to record debt issuance costs as an
asset and amortize that asset ratably over the term of the line-of-credit
arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding
borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement.

35. ASU 2015-16
Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the
Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments
• GAAP requires an acquirer in a business combination to report
provisional amounts when measurements are incomplete (e.g., when
the valuation of intangibles is incomplete).
• Adjustments occur when new information is obtained (during the
measurement period) about facts and circumstances that existed at the
acquisition date that would have affected the original accounting.
• Simplifies the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts
recognized in a business combination by eliminating the requirements
to retrospectively account for those adjustments.

36. ASU 2015-16 (continued)
Current GAAP
• Adjustments to provisional amounts
recognized at the acquisition date are
made retrospectively with a
corresponding adjustment to goodwill.
• Revise comparative information for
prior periods presented , including
depreciation, amortization, or other
income effects.
New GAAP
• Adjustments to provisional amounts
are made in the period in which the
adjustments are determined.
• Effect on earnings of changes in
depreciation, amortization, or other
income effects are recorded in the
period the adjustments are
determined, calculated as if the
accounting had been completed at the
acquisition date (i.e., catch-up
adjustment).

37. ASU 2015-16 (continued)
• Material adjustments may result in earnings volatility in the
adjustment period and may reduce income statement
comparability.
Presentation and Disclosures
• Present separately on the face of the income statement or
disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in
the current period earnings by line item that would have
been recorded in previous periods if the adjustments to the
provisional amounts had been recognized as of the
acquisition date.

38. Questions ?

39. FASB
Pipeline

40. FASB Pipeline
Project Status Timing
Financial Instruments
• Classification &
Measurement
Drafting final standard Q4 2015
• Hedging Drafting exposure draft Q1 2016
• Impairment Drafting final standard Q1 2016
Leases Drafting final standard Q4 2015
Income Taxes
• Balance sheet classification
of deferred taxes
Drafting final standard Q4 2015
• Intra-entity asset transfers ED redeliberations

41. FASB Pipeline
Project Status Timing
Revenue Recognition
• Identifying performance
obligations and licenses
Drafting final standard Q4 2015
• Narrow scope
improvements and practical
expedient
Exposure draft Comment period
ends Nov. 16,
2015
• Principal vs. agent ED redeliberations
Contingent put and call
options in debt instruments
ED redeliberations
Liabilities & equity Drafting ED Q4 2015
Equity method accounting ED redeliberations

42. FASB Pipeline
Project Status Timing
Disclosures
• Defined benefit plans Drafting ED Q4 2015
• Fair value measurement Drafting ED Q4 2015
• Income taxes Initial deliberations
• Inventory Initial deliberations
• Interim reporting Initial deliberations
• Entity’s decision process EDs out for public
comment
Comment period
ends Dec. 8, 2015
• Financial statements for
NFP
ED redeliberations
• Classification of debt Drafting ED Q4 2015

43. Lease Accounting

44. CurrentAccounting
• Most lease assets and liabilities are off-
balance sheet
• Limited information about operating leases
Lessee
• Lack of transparency about residual values
• Consistency with leases and revenue
recognition guidance
Lessor

45. Right-of-Use Model
A lease contract conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset)
for a period of time in exchange for consideration
Right-of-use asset
Lease payments
Lessor Lessee

46. Scope Reliefs
Short-Term Lease Exemption for Lessees
Recognition and measurement exemption for
leases with a term of 12 months or less

47. Lessee Model
All leases are recognized on the lessee’s balance sheet
Current U.S. GAAP New GAAP
Capital Leases Finance Leases
Operating Leases Operating Leases
Classification is based
on existing U.S. GAAP

48. LesseeAccounting Overview
Right-of-use
asset and Lease
liability
Amortization expense
Interest expense
Cash paid for
principal and
interest
payments
Right-of-use
asset and
Lease liability
Single lease
expense on a
straight-line basis
Cash paid for
lease
payments
Finance
Leases
Operating
Leases
Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Flow Statement

49. LessorAccounting Overview
Net
investment in
the lease
Interest income and
any selling profit on
the lease1
Cash received
for lease
payments
Continue to
recognize
underlying
asset
Lease income, typically
on a straight-line basis
Cash received
for lease
payments
Direct
Financing &
Sales-Type
Operating
Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Flow Statement
1 Selling profit recognized at lease commencement for sales-type leases,
over the lease term for direct financing leases (note: selling profit is rare
for direct financing leases).

51. Variable Lease Payments
Initial Measurement
Only include variable lease payments that are linked to an index or a rate or are
“in-substance fixed”
Subsequent Measurement
Lessee
Reassess only when the lessee re-
measures the lease liability for other
reasons (e.g., change in lease term)
Lessor
Not required to reassess

52. Subleases
Intermediate lessor should account for as separate contracts, unless they
meet the contract combination guidance
Head
Lease
Sublease
Determine classification of the sublease with
reference to the underlying asset

53. Sale and Leaseback Transactions
Determine if a
sale occurred
• Apply Topic 606
• If there is a sale, apply Topic 842 to account for leaseback
• Finance leasebacks preclude a sale
• Guidance on repurchase options: sale not precluded if
option exercisable at the then-prevailing fair value,
provided the asset is nonspecialized and readily available
Accounting for
the
sale/purchase
• Gain on sale is recognized same as for the sale of any
other nonfinancial asset
• Loss on the sale is recognized by seller-lessee
• Buyer-lessor accounts for purchase consistent with that of
other nonfinancial assets

54. Reducing Cost and Complexity
• Lessor Model
• Maintaining current model with
only minor updates
• Lessee Model
• Classification line is the same as
current accounting
• Short-term leases
• Aligned definition with the
definition of lease term
• Reassessment
• No reassessment for lessor
• Limited reassessment for lessees

55. Revenue Recognition

56. Revenue Recognition
Background
• In May 2014, the FASB issued its new revenue recognition guidance in
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).
• The new guidance is a move towards more principles based
accounting.
• Converges GAAP with IFRS.
• FASB established a transition resources group to aide transition to the
new guidance.
• Replaces virtually all US GAAP guidance on revenue recognition with
a single model applied to revenue from contracts with customers. Does
not apply to lease contracts or insurance contracts.

57. Revenue Recognition (continued)
Background
• Accounting for most revenue transactions (e.g., retail sales to
consumers) will likely remain the same.
• Certain industry specific guidance has been eliminated.
• Certain industries (e.g., software, telecommunications, real estate)
may be significantly affected and are likely to recognize revenue
earlier.
• Other industries (e.g., asset management) are likely to recognize
revenue later.
• Should improve comparability across industries.

58. Five steps to apply Standard
Recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services in an amount
that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled
Identify the contract(s) with a customer
Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Determine the transaction price
Allocate the transaction price to the performance
obligations in the contract
Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a
performance obligation
1
2
3
4
5

59. Step 1: Identify the contract(s)
Existence of a contract
Combine contracts
Contract modifications
Objective: To identify the bundle of contractual rights and
obligations to which an entity would apply the revenue model

60. Step 1: Identify the contract(s)
• Must meet specified criteria to apply the model
• Key criterion: Collectibility threshold – to apply model must be probable of
collecting consideration to which the entity will be entitled; otherwise,
recognize revenue when performance obligation is satisfied and cash is
collected
Existence of a contract
• Negotiated as a package
• Consideration in contracts is linked
• Goods or services from one performance obligation
Combine contracts
• Separate contract if add distinct goods/services at standalone selling price
• If do not treat as separate contract, prospective treatment if remaining
goods/services distinct; otherwise, cumulative catch-up
Contract modifications

61. Step 2: Identify the performance
obligation(s)
Objective: To identify the promised goods or services that are
distinct and should be accounted for separately
• On its own
• Together with other readily available goods
or services (including goods/services
previously acquired from entity)
Customer can
benefit from good
or service
• No significant service of integrating the good/service
• Good/service does not significantly modify or customize
another good or service in the contract
• Good/service is not highly dependent on or interrelated
with other goods or services promised in the contract
Promised good or
service is separable
from other promises
Promise to transfer a distinct good or service

62. Step 3: Determine transaction price
Objective: To determine amount of consideration to which an
entity expects to be entitled in exchange for promised goods or
services
Estimate using:
•Expected
value
•Most likely
amount
but
‘constrained’
Adjust
consideration if
timing provides
customer or
entity with
significant
benefit of
financing
Measure at fair
value unless
that can’t be
reasonably
estimated
Reduction of
the transaction
price unless in
exchange for a
distinct good
or service
Variable
consideration
Significant
financing
Non-cash
consideration
Consideration
payable to
customer

63. Step 3: Determine transaction price
Include estimate of variable consideration in the transaction price
only if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not
occur when the uncertainty is resolved
For licenses of
intellectual property,
include sales or usage-
based royalties in the
transaction price when
the sales or usage occurs
Update the transaction
price at each reporting
date

64. Step 4:Allocate the transaction
price
• Estimate selling prices if not observable
• Residual estimation techniques may be
appropriate in certain situations
Relative standalone selling price basis
Discounts & contingent amounts allocated entirely
to specific performance obligation if specified
criteria met
Objective: To allocate to each performance obligation the amount
to which the entity expects to be entitled

65. Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the
entity satisfies a performance obligation
• An entity satisfies a performance obligation over
time if one of the following criteria is met:
• The customer simultaneously receives and consumes
the benefits provided by the entity’s performance as
the entity performs
• The entity’s performance creates or enhances an asset
that the customer controls as the asset is created or
enhanced
• The entity’s performance does not create an asset with
an alternative use to the entity, and the entity has an
enforceable right to payment for performance
completed to date

66. Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the
entity satisfies a performance obligation
• If a performance obligation is not satisfied over
time, an entity satisfies the performance obligation
at a point in time. To determine the point in time at
which control transfers, consider the following
indicators:
• Present right to payment
• Legal title
• Physical possession
• Risks and rewards of ownership
• Customer acceptance

67. Contract costs – if no other
guidance applies
Incremental costs of obtaining a
contract
Costs to fulfill a contract
Recognize as an asset if:
• Incremental
• Expect to recover
For example:
Selling commissions
Practical expedient: May
recognize as an expense when
incurred if the amortization
period is one year or less
Recognize as an asset if:
• Relate directly to a contact
• Generate or enhance
resources of the entity that
will be used to satisfy
performance obligations in
the future
• Expect to recover
For example: Pre-contract or
setup costs

68. Implementation guidance
• Performance obligations
satisfied over time
• Methods for measuring
progress
• Sale with a right of return
• Warranties
• Principal versus agent
considerations
• Customer options for
additional goods or services
• Customer’s unexercised
rights
• Nonrefundable upfront fees
• Licensing
• Repurchase agreements
• Consignment arrangements
• Bill-and-hold arrangements
• Customer acceptance
• Disclosure of disaggregated
revenue

69. Implementation guidance:
Licenses
No
Yes
Step 2: Identify
the performance
obligation(s)
Account for
bundle of goods
and services
Is the license
distinct?
Apply criteria to determine whether nature of entity’s promise in granting
license is to provide:
• A right to access the entity’s intellectual property as it exists throughout
the license period (i.e. a performance obligation satisfied over time); or
• A right to use the entity’s intellectual property as it exists at the point at
which the license is granted (i.e. a performance obligation satisfied at a
point time)

70. Revenue Recognition (continued)
2015 Activity:
• In April 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date by one year (ASU
2015-14).
• In May 2015, the FASB issued a proposed update that would affect
identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation
guidance.
• In August 2015, the FASB issued a proposed update intended to clarify
implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations .
• In September 2015, the FASB issued a proposed update intended to
improve the guidance on collectibility, noncash consideration, and
completed contracts at transition.

71. Revenue Recognition (continued)
May 2015 Proposed Update: Identifying performance
obligations and licensing implementation guidance
Identifying Performance Obligations
• Proposed amendments clarify the guidance on determining
if the promises in a contract are “distinct” goods or services
and therefore, should be accounted for separately
• Specifically addresses whether the good or service is
“separately identifiable” from other promises in the
contract.

72. Revenue Recognition (continued)
Licensing
• Proposal would amend the licensing guidance by categorizing all
licenses into two categories—“symbolic” and “functional”—that will
determine whether revenue is recognized at a point in time or over
time.
• Functional—does not include supporting or maintaining the IP during
the license period.
• Symbolic—includes supporting or maintaining the IP during the license
period.
• A license would be classified as “functional,” and recognized at a point
in time, if the license has significant standalone functionality (e.g.,
software, television shows, music). Otherwise, a license would be
classified as “symbolic,” and recognized over time (e.g., trade names,
logos, franchise rights).

73. Revenue Recognition (continued)
Licensing Example
An entity enters into a contract with a customer and promises
to grant a franchise license that provides the customer with
the right to use the entity’s trade name and sell the entity’s
products for 10 years. In addition to the license, the entity also
promises to provide the equipment necessary to operate a
franchise store. In exchange for granting the license, the
entity receives a fixed fee of $1 million, as well as a sales-
based royalty of 5 percent of the customer’s monthly sales for
the term of the license. The fixed consideration for the
equipment is $150,000 payable when the equipment is
delivered.

74. Revenue Recognition (continued)
• License is for symbolic IP (has limited stand-alone functionality)
• Apply five step revenue model
• Identify performance obligations—a) promise to grant a license; b)
promise to transfer equipment. Each are distinct because the customer
can benefit from each good on its own.
• Determine transaction price—a) fixed consideration of $1,150,000; b)
variable consideration for 5% royalty on sales
• Allocate transaction price–a) allocate $150,000 to the equipment; b)
allocate sales based royalty and $1 million fee to the license
• Recognize revenue as performance obligations are met—a) recognize
sale of equipment when delivered; b) recognize license fee ratably
over the term; c) recognize royalty as sales occur

75. Revenue Recognition (continued)
August 2015 Proposed Update: Principal versus agent
considerations
• Principal
 Controls a good or service before it is transferred to a customer
 Provides goods or services to the customer
 Reports revenue based on the gross amount received from the customer
• Agent
 Arranges for another party to provide goods or services
 Reports only its fee or commission (that is, net of amounts it remits to the
other party)
• Gross versus net revenue reporting

76. Revenue Recognition (continued)
• Proposed update clarifies and simplifies the principal vs.
agent guidance in two specific areas:
1. Determining the unit of account (i.e., specified good or
service being provided to the customer)
2. Determining control

77. Revenue Recognition (continued)
Principal vs. Agent Example
Entity operates a website that enables customers to purchase goods from
a range of suppliers who deliver the goods directly to the customers.
When a good is purchased via the website, the entity is entitled to a
commission that is equal to 10 percent of the sales price. The entity’s
website facilitates payment between the supplier and the customer at
prices that are set by the supplier. The entity has no further obligations to
the customer after arranging for the products to be provided to the
customer.
• What is the unit of account?—goods to be provided by suppliers
• Does the entity have control?—No.
 No ability to direct the use of the goods
 No control over suppliers’ inventory/no inventory risk
 No discretion in establishing price
• Conclusion?—Entity is an agent. Recognize revenue in the amount of
the commission when goods are purchased.

78. Revenue Recognition (continued)
September 2015 Proposed Update: Collectibility, noncash
consideration, and completed contracts at transition
• Proposed update addresses the following aspects of the new revenue
recognition guidance:
 Assessing collectibility
 Accounting when collectibility is not probable
 Noncash consideration—clarifies that noncash consideration
should be measured at its fair value at contract inception
 Sales taxes collected from customers
 Contract modification in transition

79. Balance sheet classification of
deferred taxes
• Will require all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be
presented as noncurrent.
• Why is FASB making this change?
 Presenting as current and noncurrent provides limited benefit to
users of the financial statements because the classification does
not always align with how the deferred tax amounts will be
recovered or settled.
• Effective date:
 Public entities—annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2016.
 All other entities—annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2017.
• May be applied either prospectively or retrospectively.

80. Liabilities & Equity
• Addresses the accounting for equity-linked financial instruments, such
as a warrant or convertible instrument, containing “down round”
features.
• GAAP requires an equity-linked instrument to be reviewed to
determine if it qualifies for equity classification or liability classification.
• Under current GAAP, a down round feature generally results in liability
classification of the financial instrument, requiring fair value
measurement and changes in the value reflected in the income
statement.
 Exercise price used for settlement is not fixed due to the down round feature

81. Liabilities & Equity (continued)
• Tentative guidance would exclude the down round feature from the
assessment.
• Should result in fewer equity-linked instruments requiring liability
classification, particularly for private companies where down round
provisions are more common.
• Recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered.

82. Not-for-Profit Financial Statements
• Current reporting guidance was established in 1993 (SFAS No. 117).
• In November 2011, FASB added Not-for-Profit (NFP) financial
statement project to Agenda.
• In April 2015, FASB issued an exposure draft.
• Open for comments until August 20, 2015
• Focus on improving:
1. Net asset classification requirements
2. Information provided in financial statements about liquidity,
financial performance, and cash flows
• Significant changes to the NFP financial reporting model.

84. Not-for-Profit Financial Statements
Net Asset Classification
Current GAAP Proposed Changes
• Requires NFPs to present three
classes of net assets based on the
presence of donor restrictions:
1. Unrestricted
2. Temporarily restricted
3. Permanently restricted
• Present two classes of net assets:
1. Net assets with donor
restrictions
2. Net assets without donor
restrictions

87. Not-for-Profit Financial Statements
Statement of Activities
Current GAAP Proposed Changes
• Present the amounts of the net change
in three classes of net assets and total
net assets
• Present the amounts of the net
change in two classes of net assets
and total net assets
• Present two measures of operating
activities (before and after internal
transfers) both of which are within
changes in net assets without donor
restrictions
• Present information about expense
by function, nature, or both with
enhanced disclosure in notes
• Present investment return net of
related investment expenses

89. Not-for-Profit Financial Statements
Reporting of Expenses - Statement of Activities
Current GAAP Proposed Changes
• Present revenues and expenses
segregated in the three classes of
net assets
• Health and welfare organizations
required to provide information
about expenses by function or
nature
• Present revenues and expenses for
two classes of net assets
• All NFPs present information about
expenses by function, nature, or
both
• Present certain operating measures
• Present investment return net of
related investment expenses

91. Cash Flows
Not-for-Profit Financial Statements
Current GAAP Proposed Changes
• Present operating cash flows using
indirect method with additional
presentation of direct method
permitted
• Present operating cash flows using
the direct method with additional
presentation of the indirect method
permitted but not required
• Certain items reclassified among
cash flow categories to better align
with statement of activities

92. Not-for-Profit Financial Statements
Status
• Received over 250 comment letters (many comments
focused on components of the revised guidance that is not
specific to NFPs, such as measures of operations and
cash flow reporting)
• Currently in redeliberation
• Project has been broken into two phases:
• Net Asset Classification, Liquidity, Expense Reporting, Direct
Method of Cash Flows
• Operating Measurements and Cash Flow Statement realignment.

94. Cyber Security Issues
• Virtual Environment Encourages:
• Connectivity
• Productivity
• Efficiency
• But Virtual Environment Breeds:
• Cyber crime
• Identity theft
• Information/data breaches
• AICPA Report October, 2013
• Available on www.aicpa.org

95. Cyber Security Issues
• Top 5 Cyber Crimes
1. Tax Refund Fraud
2. Corporate Account Takeover
3. Identity Theft
4. Theft of Sensitive Data
5. Theft of Intellectual Property (IP)

96. Cyber Security Issues
• McAfee/Center for Strategic and
International Studies (CSIS) estimated in
2014 that global cost of cyber crime is $445
Billion
• 1% of Global Income
• $200 Billion in U.S., Germany and China alone
• Credit Card fraud in U.S. was $30+ Billion
up 40% since 2013.

97. Tax Refund Fraud
Steps
• Obtain name and social security number
• Make up wage, withholding and deduction info
• File return electronically
• Refund direct deposit or deposit to “safe” bank
• By the time IRS matches data refund is PAID!
In 2013, $30 billion of fraudulent refunds were
filed and $6 billion were paid.

98. CorporateAccount Takeover
• Electronic Funds Transfer Fraud
• Illicitly acquire login credentials
• Email
• Malware
• Access account
• Transfer assets (offshore)
• Small to medium sized businesses are
targets
• Less controls
• More vulnerable
• Targets – CFO, CEO, Controller

99. Identity Theft
• Focus on name, address, social security
number and birth date
• Opening credit cards or lines of credit
• Unauthorized purchases
• Rental/home mortgage fraud
• Victims spend 200 hours regaining credit
• Businesses and employers must protect
data

100. Theft of Sensitive Data
• Targets businesses
• Retailers
• Online orders
• Any business with personally identifiable
information
• Credit card data
• Personally identifiable information
• Need to focus on security and controls
• Added costs
• Cost to remediate very large

101. Theft of Intellectual Property
• Targets businesses and higher education
• Trade secrets
• Copyrighted material
• Patents/R&D

102. Other Items
• Security controls
• Security audits
• Insurance
• Response plan

103. Excerpts from the AICPA
Business and Industry
Economic Outlook Survey
2015

104. Bonus Payments
What is your current projection for your incentive compensation and bonus
payments for 2015?

105. Employee Turnover
What has the experience of your company been with employee turnover in
2015?

106. Compensation/Benefits
What has the experience of your company in 2014 been in terms of
compensation and benefit costs for hiring?
What has the experience of your company
in 2015 been in terms of compensation and
benefit costs for hiring?

107. Recruiting Competition
In your recruiting efforts during the past several months, what level of
competition are you seeing for candidates as compared to the end of
2014?

108. Industry, Region and Business-size
Outlook
• Optimism mixed across sectors
• Retail trade optimism fell to 65% in Q3, consistent with 2014
levels, after topping the charts at 85% optimistic in Q2. Retail
hiring also fell, but continues to be relatively strong at 2.6%,
ranking 3rd among key sectors
• Wholesale trade also declined in Q3 from 65% optimistic in Q2,
returning to the Q1 level of 54%
• Manufacturing eased another 2 points in Q3 from 55% optimistic
in Q2 to 53% in Q3
• Construction maintained the same level of optimism as Q2 at
64% optimistic. However, the expected in crease in headcount in
construction for the coming 12 months fell back to only 1.2% in Q3
after rebounding to 3.2% in Q2, 2105
• Technology hiring also fell to only 1.1% in Q3, after improving to
2.6% in Q2, in spite of a recovery in optimism from 60% to 67% in
Q3
• Banking is also projecting a headcount decrease of .9%, a
decline from a 1.5% increase projected in Q2, 2015

109. Industry, Region and Business-size
Outlook (continued)
• Other sectors
• Professional Services optimism improved from 64% to 68%.
However, the expected headcount eased from 1.9% in Q2 to 1.5%
in Q3.
• Mining and Natural Resources respondents are now projecting
a .9% increase in headcount for the coming 12 months after
projecting a decrease in headcount of 2.7% in Q2.
• Optimism in West recovers; South continues to
decline
• West recovers from 57% to 63%, now leading national optimism
• Midwest and Northeast follow closely at 61% and 62%,
respectively
• The south remains soft, declining 2 points from 56% in Q2 to 54%
in Q3

110. Industry, Region and Business-size
Outlook (continued)
• Expansion plans recover strongly for smallest of
companies
• The number of companies with revenues < $10 million having
expansion plans increased from 47% in Q2 to 61% in Q3
• The percentage of companies with revenues > $1 billion
recovered 3 points in Q3, improving from 53% to 56%
• The $10-$100 million range of companies eased from 66% to
62%, and the $100 million to $1 billion range of companies also
eased from 65% to 60% in Q3
• Consistent with Q2, only 3% of companies overall expect to
“contract a lot”, compared to 19% in Q1

111. Top Challenges Facing
Organizations
• Regulatory requirements/changes and employee and
benefits costs
• Availability of skilled personnel
• Domestic economic conditions
• Domestic competition maintained
• Domestic political leadership
• Stagnant/declining markets, developing new
products/services/markets and changing customer
preferences

112. Key Performance Indicators
• Outlooks for revenue and profit recover slightly in Q3
• Headcount plans ease slightly, salary and benefit, and
healthcare costs remained essentially constant
• Key spending plans mixed
• Increased spending for IT continues to be the strongest category
• Other capital spending plans increased
• Expected increase in training spending fell
• R&D spending increased to a new post-recession high

113. Outlook for the U.S. and
Organizations
• Optimism for the U.S. Economy falls
• Construction, employment and lower oil prices were cited as
reasons for optimism
• Lingering concerns about regulation/leadership/political gridlock
and about global economic turmoil were cited as the primary
reasons for those with pessimistic views
• Inflation concerns remain low

114. Questions ?

115. Thank You
Thank you for your attendance at
today’s program.
For more information regarding the topics
discussed today, please feel free to contact:
Vincent Leo, CPA Mike Giess, CPA
vincent.leo@inserocpa.com michael.giess@inserocpa.com
585.697.9683 585.697.9639
Tim McLaughlin, CPA
timothy.mclaughlin@inserocpa.com
585.697.9680
Insero & Company CPAs, P.C.
www.inserocpa.com

116. Insero & Company CPAs, P.C.
Certified Public Accountants
Business & Financial Advisors
Rochester >> 585.454.6996
Corning >> 607.973.2075
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