SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  10
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science
Vol.4, Issue 3(March 2014), PP 15-24
Issn (e): 2278-4721, Issn (p):2319-6483, www.researchinventy.com
15
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter
and Low Switching Losses
D.Lakshmi (M.Tech) , S.Zabiullah M.Tech, Dr. Venu gopal. N M.E PhD.,
ABSTRACT— This project is presented by a soft-switching techniques interleaved buck converter. And it’s
having order to guarantee small switching losses and, consequently, a high efficiency, a non-dissipative soft-
switching cell with auxiliary commutation circuit is used. But in this topology we expected a large step up
voltage, low switching stress, small switching losses, and high efficiency.
Because of that we proposed IBC that since the voltage stress across all the active switches is half of
the input voltage before turn-on or after turn-off when the operating duty is below 50%, the capacitive
discharging and switching losses can be reduced considerably. This allows the proposed IBC to have higher
efficiency and operate with higher switching frequency. In that additionally, the proposed IBC has a higher
step-down conversion ratio and a smaller output current ripple compared with a conventional IBC. The
features, operation principles, and relevant analysis results of the proposed IBC are presented in this project.
The validity of this study is confirmed by the experimental results of prototype converters with 150–200 V input,
24 V/10 A output.
Key words—Buck converter, interleaved, low switching loss.
I. INTRODUCTION
A basic buck converter converts a DC voltage to a step down DC voltage. Interleaving adds additional benefits
such as reduced ripple currents in both the input and output circuits. Higher efficiency is realized by splitting the output
current into two paths, substantially reducing losses and inductor AC losses In the field of power electronics, application of
interleaving technique can be traced back to very early days, especially in high power applications. In high power
applications, the voltage and current stress can easily go beyond the range that one power device can handle. Multiple power
devices connected in parallel and/or series could be one solution. However, voltage sharing and/or current sharing are still
the concerns. Instead of paralleling power devices, paralleling power converters is another solution which could be more
beneficial. Benefits like harmonic cancellation, better efficiency, better thermal performance, and high power density.
An interleaved buck converter usually combines more than two conventional topologies, and the current in the
element of the interleaved buck converter is half of the conventional topology in the same power condition. The single buck
converter can use the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and/or zero-current switching (ZCS) to reduce the switching loss of the
high-frequency switching. However, they are considered for the single topology.
Fig (1) conventional IBC
In Applications where nonisolation, step-down conversion ratio, and high output current with low ripple are re-
quired, an interleaved buck converter (IBC) has received a lot of attention due to its simple structure and low control com-
plexity. However, in the conventional IBC shown in Fig. 1, all semiconductor devices suffer from the input voltage, and
hence, high-voltage devices rated above the input voltage should be used. High-voltage-rated devices have generally poor
characteristics such as high cost, high on-resistance, high for-ward voltage drop, severe reverse recovery, etc. In addition, the
converter operates under hard switching condition. Thus, the cost becomes high and the efficiency becomes poor. And, for
higher power density and better dynamics, it is required that the converter operates at higher switching frequencies .
However, higher switching frequencies increase the switching losses associated with turn-on, turn-off, and reverse recovery.
Consequently, the efficiency is further deteriorated. Also, it experiences an extremely short duty cycle in the case of high-
input and low-output voltage applications.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
16
In previous applications, the PWM control is used in the converter circuits to get the desired shape of the
output voltage or current. By using this technique the following disadvantages are occurs:
1. The devices are turned on and off at the load current with a high di/dt value
2. The switches are subjected to a high-voltage stress.
3. The switching power loss also increases with the switching frequency.
4. The turn on and turn off loss could be a significant portion of the total power loss.
5. The electromagnetic interference is also produced due to high di/dt and du/dt in the converter waveforms.
The above disadvantages can be eliminated (or) minimized if the devices are turned „ON‟ and „OFF‟ by using
soft switching technique. These are Zero Voltage Switching and Zero Current Switching.
Fig (2) proposed IBC
The new IBC, which is suitable for the applications where the input voltage is high and the operating
duty is below 50%, is proposed. It is similar to the conventional IBC, but two active switches are connected in
series and a coupling capacitor is employed in the power path. The two active switches are driven with the phase
shift angle of 180◦
and the output voltage is regulated by adjusting the duty cycle at a fixed switching frequency.
The features of the proposed IBC are similar to those of the IBC in [14]. Since the proposed IBC also operates at
CCM, the current stress is low. During the steady state, the voltage stress across all active switches before turn-
on or after turn-off is half of the input voltage. Thus, the capacitive discharging and switching losses can be
reduced considerably. The voltage stress of the freewheeling diodes is also lower than that of the conventional
IBC so that the reverse-recovery and conduction losses on the freewheeling diodes can be improved by
employing schottky diodes that have generally low breakdown voltages, typically below 200 V. The conversion
ratio and output current ripple are lower than those of the conventional IBC.
II. CIRCUIT OPERATIONS
Fig. 2 shows the circuit configuration of the proposed IBC. The structure is similar to a conventional
IBC except two active switches in series and a coupling capacitor employed in the power path. Figs. 3 and 6
show the key operating waveforms of the proposed IBC in the steady state. Referring to the figures, it can be
seen that switches Q1 and Q2 are driven with the phase shift angle of 180◦
. This is the same as that for a
conventional IBC. Each switching period is divided into four modes, whose operating circuits are shown in Figs.
4 and 5. In order to illustrate the operation of the proposed IBC, some assumptions are made as follows:
1) the output capacitor CO is large enough to be considered as a voltage source;
2) the two inductors L1 and L2 have the same inductance L;
3) all power semiconductors are ideal;
4) the coupling capacitor CB is large enough to be considered as a voltage source.
Fig. 3. Key operating waveforms of the proposed IBC when D ≤ 0.5.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
17
Fig. 4. Operating circuits of the proposed IBC when D ≤ 0.5. (a) Mode 1. (b) Mode 2 or 4. (c) Mode 3.
A. Steady-State Operation when D ≤ 0.5
Mode 1 [t0 –t1 ]: Mode 1 begins when Q1 is turned ON at t0 . Then, the current of L1 , iL 1 (t), flows through Q1 , CB
, and L1 and the voltage of the coupling capacitor VC B is charged. The cur-rent of L2 , iL 2 (t), freewheels through D2 . During
this mode, the voltage across L1 , VL 1 (t), is the difference of the input voltage VS , the voltage of the coupling capacitor VC
B , and the output voltage VO , and its level is positive. Hence, iL 1 (t) increases lin-early from the initial value. The voltage
across L2 , VL 2 (t), is the negative output voltage, and hence, iL 2 (t) decreases linearly from the initial value. The voltage
across Q2 , VQ 2 (t), becomes the input voltage and the voltage across D1 , VD 1 (t), is equal to the difference of VS and VCB.
The voltages and currents can be expressed as follows:
VL1(t)=Vs-V CB-Vo (1)
VL2(t)= -Vo (2)
IL1(t)=Vs-VCB-Vo/L(t-t0)+iL1(t0)
=IQ1(t)=iCB(t) (3)
iL2(t)=-V0/L(t-t0)+iL2(t0)=iD2(t) (4)
VQ2=Vs (5)
VD1=Vs-VCB (6)
VCB-VCB(t0)+I0/2cb(t-t0) (7)
Mode 2 [t1 –t2 ]: Mode 2 begins when Q1 is turned OFF at t1 . Then, iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t) freewheel through D1
and D2 , respectively. Both VL 1 (t) and VL 2 (t) become the negative VO , and hence, iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t)
decrease linearly. During this mode, the voltage across Q1 , VQ1 (t), is equal to the difference of VS and VCB
and VQ2 (t) becomes VCB. The voltages and currents can be expressed as follows:
VL1 (t) = VL2 (t) = −VO (8)
iL1 (t) = iL1 (t1 ) – (VO/L)(t − t1) = iD1 (t) (9)
iL2 (t) = iL2 (t1 ) – (VO/L)(t − t1) = iD2 (t) (10)
VQ1 (t) = VS – VCB (11)
VQ2 (t) = VCB. (12)
Mode 3 [t2 –t3 ]: Mode 3 begins when Q2 is turned ON at t2 . At the same time, D2 is turned OFF. Then, iL 1
(t) freewheels through D1 and iL 2 (t) flows through D1 , CB , Q2 , and L2 . Thus, VCB is discharged. During
this mode, VL 2 (t) is equal to the difference of VCB and VO and its level is positive. Hence, iL 2 (t) increases
linearly. VL 1 (t) is the negative VO , and hence, iL 1 (t) decreases linearly. The voltages and currents can be
expressed
as follows:
VL1 (t) = −VO (13)
VL2 (t) = VCB –VO (14)
iL1 (t) =(−VO/L)(t − t2) + iL1 (t2 ) (15)
iL2 (t) =( (VCB – VO)/L)(t − t2) + iL2 (t2 )
= iQ2 (t) = −iCB(t) (16)
iD1 (t) = iL1 (t) + iL2 (t) (17)
VQ1 = VS – VCB (18)
VD2 = VCB (19)
VCB _ VCB(t2 ) –( IO/2CB)(t − t2 ). (20)
Mode 4 [t3 –t4 ]: Mode 4 begins when Q2 is turned OFF at t3 , and its operation is the same with that of mode 2.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
18
The steady-state operation of the proposed IBC operating with the duty cycle of D ≤ 0.5 has been
described. From the operation principles, it is known that the voltage stress of all semiconductor devices except
Q2 is not the input voltage, but is determined by the voltage of coupling capacitor VCB. The maximum voltage
of Q2 is the input voltage, but the voltage before turn-on or after turn-off is equal to VCB. As these results, the
capacitive discharging and switching losses on Q1 and Q2 can be reduced considerably. In addition, since
diodes with good characteristics such as schottky can be used for D1 and D2, the reverse-recovery and
conduction losses can be also improved. The loss analysis will be discussed in detail in the next section.
B. Steady-State Operation When D > 0.5
Mode 1 [t0 –t1 ]: Mode 1 begins when Q2 is in on-state and Q1 is turned ON at t0 . Then, iL 1 (t) flows through
Q1 , CB , and L1 and VCB(t) is charged. iL 2 (t) flows through Q1 , Q2 , and L2 . VL 1 (t) is equal to the difference of VS ,
VCB, and VO and its level is positive. Thus, iL 1 (t) increases linearly from the initial value. VL 2 (t) is equal to the
difference of VS and VO and iL 2 (t) also increases linearly from the initial value. The voltages and currents can be
expressed as follows:
VL1 (t) = VS − VCB – VO (21)
VL2 (t) = VS – VO (22)
VD1 = VS – VCB (23)
VD2 = VS (24)
iQ1 = iL1 (t) + iL2 (t) (25)
iQ2 = iL2 (t). (26)
Mode 2 [t1 –t2 ]: Mode 2 begins when Q2 is turned OFF at t1 . Then, iL 1 (t) flows through Q1 , CB , and L1 and iL 2 (t)
freewheels through D2 . The operation during this mode is the same with mode 1 in the case of D ≤ 0.5.
Mode 3 [t2 –t3 ]: Mode 3 begins when Q2 is turned ON at t2 , and the operation is the same with mode 1.
Mode 4 [t3 –t4 ]: Mode 4 begins when Q1 is turned OFF at t3 . Then, iL 1 (t) freewheels through D1 and iL 2 (t)
flows through D1 , CB , Q2 , and L2 . Thus, VCB is discharged. The operation during this mode is the same
with mode 3 in the case of D ≤0.5.
The steady-state operation of the proposed IBC operating with D > 0.5 has been described. Under this operating
condition, the voltage stress of Q1 and D1 is determined by VCB, but the voltage stress of Q2 and D2 is determined by the
input voltage. In addition, since VL 2 (t) is much larger than VL 1 (t) during mode 1 or mode 3, the unbalance between iL 1
(t) and iL 2 (t) occurs, as shown in Fig. 6. The current of Q1 , iQ1 (t), is the sum of iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t) and the current of Q2
, iQ2 (t), is equal to iL 2 (t) in mode 1 or mode 3. Therefore, it can be said that switches Q1 and Q2 experience high current
stress in the case of D > 0.5. Until now, the steady-state operation of the proposed IBC has been described in detail.
Consequently, it can be known that the proposed IBC has advantages in terms of efficiency and component stress in the case
of onlyD≤0.5. Thus, the proposed IBC is recommended for the applications where the operating duty cycle is smaller than or
equal to 0.5.
III. RELEVANT ANALYSIS RESULTS
The proposed IBC will be only employed in the applications where the operating duty cycle is below
0.5, but the following relevant analyses are conducted over the entire duty cycle range for a detail design guide.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
19
DC Conversion Ratio
The dc conversion ratio of the proposed IBC can be derived using the principle of inductor volt-second-
balance (VSB) .In the case ofD≤0.5, the following equations can be obtained from the VSB of L1 and L2 ,
respectively
(VS −VCB− VO )DTS = VO (1 − D)TS (27)
(VCB − VO )DTS = VO (1 − D)TS . (28)
The voltage of the coupling capacitor can be obtained by substituting (28) into (27) and is equal to half of the
input voltage as follows:
VCB = VS/2 . (29)
Then, the dc conversion ratio M can be obtained from (27) and (29) or (28) and (29) as follows:
M = VO/VS= D/2 . (30)
In the case of D > 0.5, the voltage of the coupling capacitor and the dc conversion ratio can be obtained by the
same procedure and are expressed as follows, respectively
VCB = VS (1 − D) (31)
The proposed IBC has a higher step-down conversion
As a result, the proposed IBC can overcome the extremely short duty cycle, which appears in the
conventionalIBC. ratio than the conventional IBC
Fig. 5. Operating circuits of the proposed IBC when D > 0.5 (a) Mode1 or 3.(b)Mode2.(c) Mode4.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
20
Fig. 6. Key operating waveforms of the proposed IBC when D >0.5.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The proposed and conventional IBCs are realized with the specifications shown next.
1) Input voltage: VS = 150–200 V.
2) Output voltage: VO = 24 V.
3) Output current: IO = 10 A.
4) Switching frequency: fS = 65 kHz or 300 kHz.
5) Inductor ripple current: below 3 A.
6) Ripple voltage of a coupling capacitor: below 4 V.
7) Output voltage ripple: below 250 mV.
The prototypes for the experiment, which are the conventional IBC and proposed IBCs, have been built and
tested to verify the operational principle, advantages, and performances of the proposed IBC, using the
components as shown in Table III. In order to alleviate the ringing caused by parasitic elements, two simple RC
snubbers are used across diodes D1 and D2 , respectively. Their values are as follows:
R =10 Ω/1 W, C = 10 nF/630 V.
For the experiment of the proposed IBC2, which is the proposed IBC with lower voltage rated freewheeling
diodes, the auxiliary circuit described in Section III is added.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
21
III. Simulation circuits and outputs of the proposed IBC from D<50%
Fig: (7) Simulink Model of R Load Proposed diagram from D<50%
Fig(8). Triggering pulses for R-load
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
22
Fig(9). Output voltage for proposed R-load
Fig(10). Cupling capacitor voltage wave & Diode 1 voltage& Diode 2 voltage output waveforms
For R-Load
Fig: (11) Simulink Model of RL Load Proposed diagram from D<50% For RL-Load
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
23
Fig(12). Output voltage for proposed RL-load
Fig(13). Cupling capacitor voltage wave & Diode 1 voltage& Diode 2 voltage output waveforms
For RL-Load
IV. CONCLUSION
A new IBC is proposed in this project. While keeping the good characteristics of the IBC introduced in [14], it has
a more simple structure. The main advantage of the proposed IBC is that since the voltage stress across active switches is
half of the input voltage before turn-on or after turn-off when the operating duty is below 50%, the capacitive discharging
and switching losses can be reduced considerably. In addition, since the voltage stress of the freewheeling diodes is half of
the input voltage in the steady state and can be quickly reduced below the input voltage during the cold startup, the use of
lower voltage-rated diodes is allowed. Thus, the losses related to the diodes can be improved by employing schottky diodes
that have generally low breakdown voltages, typically below 200V. From these results, the efficiency of the proposed IBC is
higher than that of the conventional IBC and the improvement gets larger as the switching frequency increases. These are
verified with the experimental results. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed IBC has a higher step-down conversion
ratio and a smaller inductor current ripple than the conventional IBC. Therefore, the proposed IBC becomes attractive in
applications where non isolation, step-down conversion ratio with high input voltage, high output current with low ripple,
higher power density, and low cost are required.
Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses
24
REFERENCES
[1] P. L. Wong, P. Xu, B. Yang, and F. C. Lee, “Performance improvements of interleaving VRMs with coupling inductors,” IEEE
Trans. Power Electron., vol. 168, no. 4, pp. 499–507, Jul. 2001.
[2] R. L. Lin, C. C. Hsu, and S. K. Changchien, “Interleaved four-phase buck-based current source with isolated energy-recovery
scheme for electrical discharge machine,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2249–2258, Jul. 2009.
[3] C. Garcia, P. Zumel, A. D. Castro, and J. A. Cobos, “Automotive DC–DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved buck
stages,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 21, pp. 578–586, May 2006.
[4] J. H. Lee, H. S. Bae, and B. H. Cho, “Resistive control for a photovoltaic battery charging system using a microcontroller,” IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2767–2775, Jul. 2008.
[5] Y. C. Chuang, “High-efficiency ZCS buck converter for rechargeable batteries,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 7, pp.
2463–2472, Jul. 2010.
[6] C. S.Moo, Y. J. Chen, H. L. Cheng, and Y. C. Hsieh, “Twin-buck converter with zero-voltage-transition,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2366–2371, Jun. 2011.
[7] X. Du and H. M. Tai, “Double-frequency buck converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 54, pp. 1690–1698, May 2009.
[8] K. Jin and X. Ruan, “Zero-voltage-switching multiresonant three-level converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 3, pp.
1705–1715, Jun. 2007.
[9] J. P. Rodrigues, S. A. Mussa, M. L. Heldwein, and A. J. Perin, “Three level ZVS active clamping PWM for the DC–DC buck
converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 2249–2258, Oct. 2009.
[10] X. Ruan, B. Li, Q. Chen, S. C. Tan, and C. K. Tse, “Fundamental considerations of three-level DC–DC converters: Topologies,
analysis, and control,” IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst., vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 3733–3743, Dec. 2008.
[11] Y. M. Chen, S. Y. Teseng, C. T. Tsai, and T. F. Wu, “Interleaved buck converters with a single-capacitor turn-off snubber,” IEEE
Trans. Aerosp. Electronic Syst., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 954–967, Jul. 2004.
[12] C. T. Tsai and C. L. Shen, “Interleaved soft-switching coupled-buck converter with active-clamp circuits,” in Proc. IEEE Int.
Conf. Power Electron. and Drive Systems., 2009, pp. 1113–1118. .
[13] M. Ilic and D. Maksimovic, “Interleaved zero-current-transition buck con-verter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. App., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1619–1627, Nov.
2007.
[14]K. Yao, Y. Qiu, M. Xu, and F. C. Lee, “A novel winding-coupled buck converter for high-frequency, high-step-down DC–DC
conversion,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1017–1023, Sep. 2005.
D. Lakshmi M.Tech Student from Kuppam Engineering College at Kuppam (JNTUA).I was awarded
B.Tech from Kuppam Engineering College at Kuppam (JNTU A) in 2011.
S. Zabiullah M.Tech. working as Assistant Professor, he was awarded M.Tech from Sri
Venkateshwara College of Engineering & Technologies in Chittoor (JNTU A) in 2011, he was awarded
B.Tech from (JNTU A) in 2009. He has 3 years of teaching experience. His area of interest is Power
Electronics & Electrical Drives.
Dr.Venugopal ME, Ph.D., working as Professor, he was awarded Ph.D(video processing) from Dr.
MGR University, Chennai, in 2011, he was awarded M.E (Power electronics) from University Visveshwaraya
College of Engineering, Bangalore, in 1998, he was awarded B.E (EEE) from R.V. College of Engineering,
Bangalore, in 1995. He has 16 years of teaching experience and he is currently working as Director (Research &
Development) in Kuppam engineering college, kuppam. His research area interested in power electronics, vedio
processing, power systems & renewable energy sources.

Contenu connexe

Tendances

IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step Down
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step Down
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET Journal
 
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
 
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage Doubler
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerSoft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage Doubler
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerIJPEDS-IAES
 
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...LeMeniz Infotech
 
BOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTER
BOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTERBOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTER
BOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTERDebasis Mohanty
 
Adcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkei
Adcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkeiAdcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkei
Adcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkeiNIHON DENKEI SINGAPORE
 
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage GainA Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage GainIOSR Journals
 
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controller
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controllerBridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controller
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controllerIOSR Journals
 
A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...
A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...
A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...IRJET Journal
 
L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)
L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)
L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)NikolaTesla18
 
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating Capacitors
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating CapacitorsNovel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating Capacitors
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating CapacitorsIAES-IJPEDS
 
A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...
A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...
A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...IDES Editor
 
A bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applications
A bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applicationsA bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applications
A bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applicationsIAEME Publication
 
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS Operation
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS OperationReview of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS Operation
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS OperationIJRST Journal
 
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive Application
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive ApplicationClosed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive Application
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive ApplicationIJPEDS-IAES
 

Tendances (19)

IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step Down
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step Down
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step Down
 
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
 
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage Doubler
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage DoublerSoft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage Doubler
Soft Switched Multi-Output Flyback Converter with Voltage Doubler
 
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...
A three level quasi-two-stage single-phase pfc converter with flexible output...
 
Thesis
ThesisThesis
Thesis
 
BOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTER
BOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTERBOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTER
BOOST DERIVED HYBRID CONVERTER
 
Adcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkei
Adcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkeiAdcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkei
Adcmt Test Equipment selection guide -vol1-web-e_denkei
 
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage GainA Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage Gain
 
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controller
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controllerBridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controller
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controller
 
A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...
A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...
A novel transformer-less four phase buck converter with low voltage stress an...
 
L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)
L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)
L 23(dp)(pe) ((ee)nptel)
 
A Novel Single Phase bridgeless AC/DC PFC converter for Low Total Harmonics D...
A Novel Single Phase bridgeless AC/DC PFC converter for Low Total Harmonics D...A Novel Single Phase bridgeless AC/DC PFC converter for Low Total Harmonics D...
A Novel Single Phase bridgeless AC/DC PFC converter for Low Total Harmonics D...
 
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating Capacitors
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating CapacitorsNovel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating Capacitors
Novel Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter Formed by Floating Capacitors
 
Exp 4
Exp 4Exp 4
Exp 4
 
[IJET V2I5P12] Authors: Mr. Harikrishnan U, Dr. Bos Mathew Jos, Mr.Thomas P R...
[IJET V2I5P12] Authors: Mr. Harikrishnan U, Dr. Bos Mathew Jos, Mr.Thomas P R...[IJET V2I5P12] Authors: Mr. Harikrishnan U, Dr. Bos Mathew Jos, Mr.Thomas P R...
[IJET V2I5P12] Authors: Mr. Harikrishnan U, Dr. Bos Mathew Jos, Mr.Thomas P R...
 
A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...
A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...
A Single-Stage High-Frequency Isolated Secondary- Side Controlled AC-DC Conve...
 
A bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applications
A bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applicationsA bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applications
A bridgeless cuk converter based induction motor drive for pfc applications
 
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS Operation
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS OperationReview of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS Operation
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS Operation
 
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive Application
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive ApplicationClosed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive Application
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive Application
 

En vedette

Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahili
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning KiswahiliEffects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahili
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahiliinventy
 
Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...
Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...
Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...BioMedCentral
 
Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...
Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...
Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...BioMedCentral
 
The Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journal
The Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journalThe Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journal
The Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journalBioMedCentral
 
OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...
OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...
OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...BioMedCentral
 
Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research
Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet ResearchOpen Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research
Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet ResearchGunther Eysenbach
 
OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective
OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective
OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective BioMedCentral
 

En vedette (9)

Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahili
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning KiswahiliEffects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahili
Effects of Language of the Catchment Area in Learning Kiswahili
 
Sra Oa Arma
Sra Oa ArmaSra Oa Arma
Sra Oa Arma
 
Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...
Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...
Open access and institutional repositories in research and academic instituti...
 
Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...
Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...
Access to information has no boundaries: Stellenbosch University engaging Ope...
 
Colin Sutherland
Colin SutherlandColin Sutherland
Colin Sutherland
 
The Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journal
The Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journalThe Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journal
The Pan African Medical Journal: Inside an open access African journal
 
OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...
OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...
OAA12 - The rapidly changing policy environment: Implications for publishers ...
 
Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research
Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet ResearchOpen Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research
Open Access Publishing - The Journal of Medical Internet Research
 
OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective
OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective
OAA12 - Funding and sustainability: The Wellcome Trust perspective
 

Similaire à C043015024

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
 
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Converter
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous ConverterInterleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Converter
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Convertertheijes
 
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS IAEME Publication
 
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...IOSR Journals
 
Soft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC Converter
Soft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC ConverterSoft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC Converter
Soft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC ConverterIRJET Journal
 
Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...
Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...
Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...IOSR Journals
 
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversion
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversionZero voltage switching resonant power conversion
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversionPham Hoang
 
Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...
Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...
Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...IOSR Journals
 
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWM
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWMHigh Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWM
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWMtheijes
 
E03302037044
E03302037044E03302037044
E03302037044theijes
 
IRJET - A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...
IRJET -  	  A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...IRJET -  	  A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...
IRJET - A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...IRJET Journal
 
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volt...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter  Connected With PV Array For High Volt...A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter  Connected With PV Array For High Volt...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volt...ijitjournal
 
Soft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost Converter
Soft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost ConverterSoft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost Converter
Soft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost ConverterPower System Operation
 
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...IJNLC Int.Jour on Natural Lang computing
 
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...Journal For Research
 
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
 

Similaire à C043015024 (20)

International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
 
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Converter
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous ConverterInterleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Converter
Interleaved High Step-Down Synchronous Converter
 
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS
 
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...
 
Lg3619211926
Lg3619211926Lg3619211926
Lg3619211926
 
Soft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC Converter
Soft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC ConverterSoft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC Converter
Soft-Switching Two-Switch Resonant AC-DC Converter
 
[IJET V2I5P8] Authors: Lakshmi K R, Kavitha Issac, Kiran Boby
[IJET V2I5P8] Authors: Lakshmi K R, Kavitha Issac, Kiran Boby[IJET V2I5P8] Authors: Lakshmi K R, Kavitha Issac, Kiran Boby
[IJET V2I5P8] Authors: Lakshmi K R, Kavitha Issac, Kiran Boby
 
Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...
Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...
Design and MATLAB Simulation of a Fuel Cell Based Interleaved Buck Converter ...
 
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversion
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversionZero voltage switching resonant power conversion
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversion
 
Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...
Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...
Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of Bridgeless Soft-switched PWM Cuk C...
 
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWM
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWMHigh Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWM
High Gain Interleaved Cuk Converter with Phase Shifted PWM
 
E03302037044
E03302037044E03302037044
E03302037044
 
IRJET - A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...
IRJET -  	  A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...IRJET -  	  A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...
IRJET - A Comparative Analysis of Cuk and Buck Boost Converter for PFC in...
 
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volt...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter  Connected With PV Array For High Volt...A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter  Connected With PV Array For High Volt...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volt...
 
C010242128
C010242128C010242128
C010242128
 
Soft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost Converter
Soft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost ConverterSoft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost Converter
Soft-Switching SiC Interleaved Boost Converter
 
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...
A High Step Up Hybrid Switch Converter Connected With PV Array For High Volta...
 
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CLOSED LOOP DUAL INDUCTOR CURRENT-FED PUSH-PULL CONVER...
 
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentInternational Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
 
M1028993
M1028993M1028993
M1028993
 

Plus de inventy

Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...inventy
 
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuels
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation FuelsCopper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuels
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuelsinventy
 
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...inventy
 
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...inventy
 
A Study of Automated Decision Making Systems
A Study of Automated Decision Making SystemsA Study of Automated Decision Making Systems
A Study of Automated Decision Making Systemsinventy
 
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...inventy
 
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...inventy
 
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...inventy
 
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...inventy
 
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
 
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...inventy
 
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...inventy
 
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...inventy
 
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbine
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbineTransient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbine
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbineinventy
 
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...inventy
 
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluation
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability EvaluationImpacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluation
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluationinventy
 
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generation
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable GenerationReliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generation
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generationinventy
 
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...inventy
 
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezer
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum FreezerExperimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezer
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezerinventy
 
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin films
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin filmsGrowth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin films
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin filmsinventy
 

Plus de inventy (20)

Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...
Experimental Investigation of a Household Refrigerator Using Evaporative-Cool...
 
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuels
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation FuelsCopper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuels
Copper Strip Corrossion Test in Various Aviation Fuels
 
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...
Additional Conservation Laws for Two-Velocity Hydrodynamics Equations with th...
 
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...
Comparative Study of the Quality of Life, Quality of Work Life and Organisati...
 
A Study of Automated Decision Making Systems
A Study of Automated Decision Making SystemsA Study of Automated Decision Making Systems
A Study of Automated Decision Making Systems
 
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...
Crystallization of L-Glutamic Acid: Mechanism of Heterogeneous β -Form Nuclea...
 
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...
Evaluation of Damage by the Reliability of the Traction Test on Polymer Test ...
 
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...
Application of Kennelly’model of Running Performances to Elite Endurance Runn...
 
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...
Development and Application of a Failure Monitoring System by Using the Vibra...
 
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...
 
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...
Size distribution and biometric relationships of little tunny Euthynnus allet...
 
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...
Removal of Chromium (VI) From Aqueous Solutions Using Discarded Solanum Tuber...
 
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...
Effect of Various External and Internal Factors on the Carrier Mobility in n-...
 
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbine
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbineTransient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbine
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbine
 
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
Choice of Numerical Integration Method for Wind Time History Analysis of Tall...
 
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluation
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability EvaluationImpacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluation
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluation
 
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generation
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable GenerationReliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generation
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generation
 
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...
The effect of reduced pressure acetylene plasma treatment on physical charact...
 
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezer
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum FreezerExperimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezer
Experimental Investigation of Mini Cooler cum Freezer
 
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin films
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin filmsGrowth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin films
Growth and Magnetic properties of MnGeP2 thin films
 

Dernier

Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...Aggregage
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationUsing IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationIES VE
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarAI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarPrecisely
 
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsIgniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsSafe Software
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfDaniel Santiago Silva Capera
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024SkyPlanner
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1DianaGray10
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPathCommunity
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfDianaGray10
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxGDSC PJATK
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024D Cloud Solutions
 

Dernier (20)

Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1201610817 - edge part1
201610817 - edge part1
 
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationUsing IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarAI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
 
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration WorkflowsIgniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
Igniting Next Level Productivity with AI-Infused Data Integration Workflows
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
Salesforce Miami User Group Event - 1st Quarter 2024
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptxCybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
Cybersecurity Workshop #1.pptx
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
 

C043015024

  • 1. Research Inventy: International Journal Of Engineering And Science Vol.4, Issue 3(March 2014), PP 15-24 Issn (e): 2278-4721, Issn (p):2319-6483, www.researchinventy.com 15 Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses D.Lakshmi (M.Tech) , S.Zabiullah M.Tech, Dr. Venu gopal. N M.E PhD., ABSTRACT— This project is presented by a soft-switching techniques interleaved buck converter. And it’s having order to guarantee small switching losses and, consequently, a high efficiency, a non-dissipative soft- switching cell with auxiliary commutation circuit is used. But in this topology we expected a large step up voltage, low switching stress, small switching losses, and high efficiency. Because of that we proposed IBC that since the voltage stress across all the active switches is half of the input voltage before turn-on or after turn-off when the operating duty is below 50%, the capacitive discharging and switching losses can be reduced considerably. This allows the proposed IBC to have higher efficiency and operate with higher switching frequency. In that additionally, the proposed IBC has a higher step-down conversion ratio and a smaller output current ripple compared with a conventional IBC. The features, operation principles, and relevant analysis results of the proposed IBC are presented in this project. The validity of this study is confirmed by the experimental results of prototype converters with 150–200 V input, 24 V/10 A output. Key words—Buck converter, interleaved, low switching loss. I. INTRODUCTION A basic buck converter converts a DC voltage to a step down DC voltage. Interleaving adds additional benefits such as reduced ripple currents in both the input and output circuits. Higher efficiency is realized by splitting the output current into two paths, substantially reducing losses and inductor AC losses In the field of power electronics, application of interleaving technique can be traced back to very early days, especially in high power applications. In high power applications, the voltage and current stress can easily go beyond the range that one power device can handle. Multiple power devices connected in parallel and/or series could be one solution. However, voltage sharing and/or current sharing are still the concerns. Instead of paralleling power devices, paralleling power converters is another solution which could be more beneficial. Benefits like harmonic cancellation, better efficiency, better thermal performance, and high power density. An interleaved buck converter usually combines more than two conventional topologies, and the current in the element of the interleaved buck converter is half of the conventional topology in the same power condition. The single buck converter can use the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and/or zero-current switching (ZCS) to reduce the switching loss of the high-frequency switching. However, they are considered for the single topology. Fig (1) conventional IBC In Applications where nonisolation, step-down conversion ratio, and high output current with low ripple are re- quired, an interleaved buck converter (IBC) has received a lot of attention due to its simple structure and low control com- plexity. However, in the conventional IBC shown in Fig. 1, all semiconductor devices suffer from the input voltage, and hence, high-voltage devices rated above the input voltage should be used. High-voltage-rated devices have generally poor characteristics such as high cost, high on-resistance, high for-ward voltage drop, severe reverse recovery, etc. In addition, the converter operates under hard switching condition. Thus, the cost becomes high and the efficiency becomes poor. And, for higher power density and better dynamics, it is required that the converter operates at higher switching frequencies . However, higher switching frequencies increase the switching losses associated with turn-on, turn-off, and reverse recovery. Consequently, the efficiency is further deteriorated. Also, it experiences an extremely short duty cycle in the case of high- input and low-output voltage applications.
  • 2. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 16 In previous applications, the PWM control is used in the converter circuits to get the desired shape of the output voltage or current. By using this technique the following disadvantages are occurs: 1. The devices are turned on and off at the load current with a high di/dt value 2. The switches are subjected to a high-voltage stress. 3. The switching power loss also increases with the switching frequency. 4. The turn on and turn off loss could be a significant portion of the total power loss. 5. The electromagnetic interference is also produced due to high di/dt and du/dt in the converter waveforms. The above disadvantages can be eliminated (or) minimized if the devices are turned „ON‟ and „OFF‟ by using soft switching technique. These are Zero Voltage Switching and Zero Current Switching. Fig (2) proposed IBC The new IBC, which is suitable for the applications where the input voltage is high and the operating duty is below 50%, is proposed. It is similar to the conventional IBC, but two active switches are connected in series and a coupling capacitor is employed in the power path. The two active switches are driven with the phase shift angle of 180◦ and the output voltage is regulated by adjusting the duty cycle at a fixed switching frequency. The features of the proposed IBC are similar to those of the IBC in [14]. Since the proposed IBC also operates at CCM, the current stress is low. During the steady state, the voltage stress across all active switches before turn- on or after turn-off is half of the input voltage. Thus, the capacitive discharging and switching losses can be reduced considerably. The voltage stress of the freewheeling diodes is also lower than that of the conventional IBC so that the reverse-recovery and conduction losses on the freewheeling diodes can be improved by employing schottky diodes that have generally low breakdown voltages, typically below 200 V. The conversion ratio and output current ripple are lower than those of the conventional IBC. II. CIRCUIT OPERATIONS Fig. 2 shows the circuit configuration of the proposed IBC. The structure is similar to a conventional IBC except two active switches in series and a coupling capacitor employed in the power path. Figs. 3 and 6 show the key operating waveforms of the proposed IBC in the steady state. Referring to the figures, it can be seen that switches Q1 and Q2 are driven with the phase shift angle of 180◦ . This is the same as that for a conventional IBC. Each switching period is divided into four modes, whose operating circuits are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. In order to illustrate the operation of the proposed IBC, some assumptions are made as follows: 1) the output capacitor CO is large enough to be considered as a voltage source; 2) the two inductors L1 and L2 have the same inductance L; 3) all power semiconductors are ideal; 4) the coupling capacitor CB is large enough to be considered as a voltage source. Fig. 3. Key operating waveforms of the proposed IBC when D ≤ 0.5.
  • 3. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 17 Fig. 4. Operating circuits of the proposed IBC when D ≤ 0.5. (a) Mode 1. (b) Mode 2 or 4. (c) Mode 3. A. Steady-State Operation when D ≤ 0.5 Mode 1 [t0 –t1 ]: Mode 1 begins when Q1 is turned ON at t0 . Then, the current of L1 , iL 1 (t), flows through Q1 , CB , and L1 and the voltage of the coupling capacitor VC B is charged. The cur-rent of L2 , iL 2 (t), freewheels through D2 . During this mode, the voltage across L1 , VL 1 (t), is the difference of the input voltage VS , the voltage of the coupling capacitor VC B , and the output voltage VO , and its level is positive. Hence, iL 1 (t) increases lin-early from the initial value. The voltage across L2 , VL 2 (t), is the negative output voltage, and hence, iL 2 (t) decreases linearly from the initial value. The voltage across Q2 , VQ 2 (t), becomes the input voltage and the voltage across D1 , VD 1 (t), is equal to the difference of VS and VCB. The voltages and currents can be expressed as follows: VL1(t)=Vs-V CB-Vo (1) VL2(t)= -Vo (2) IL1(t)=Vs-VCB-Vo/L(t-t0)+iL1(t0) =IQ1(t)=iCB(t) (3) iL2(t)=-V0/L(t-t0)+iL2(t0)=iD2(t) (4) VQ2=Vs (5) VD1=Vs-VCB (6) VCB-VCB(t0)+I0/2cb(t-t0) (7) Mode 2 [t1 –t2 ]: Mode 2 begins when Q1 is turned OFF at t1 . Then, iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t) freewheel through D1 and D2 , respectively. Both VL 1 (t) and VL 2 (t) become the negative VO , and hence, iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t) decrease linearly. During this mode, the voltage across Q1 , VQ1 (t), is equal to the difference of VS and VCB and VQ2 (t) becomes VCB. The voltages and currents can be expressed as follows: VL1 (t) = VL2 (t) = −VO (8) iL1 (t) = iL1 (t1 ) – (VO/L)(t − t1) = iD1 (t) (9) iL2 (t) = iL2 (t1 ) – (VO/L)(t − t1) = iD2 (t) (10) VQ1 (t) = VS – VCB (11) VQ2 (t) = VCB. (12) Mode 3 [t2 –t3 ]: Mode 3 begins when Q2 is turned ON at t2 . At the same time, D2 is turned OFF. Then, iL 1 (t) freewheels through D1 and iL 2 (t) flows through D1 , CB , Q2 , and L2 . Thus, VCB is discharged. During this mode, VL 2 (t) is equal to the difference of VCB and VO and its level is positive. Hence, iL 2 (t) increases linearly. VL 1 (t) is the negative VO , and hence, iL 1 (t) decreases linearly. The voltages and currents can be expressed as follows: VL1 (t) = −VO (13) VL2 (t) = VCB –VO (14) iL1 (t) =(−VO/L)(t − t2) + iL1 (t2 ) (15) iL2 (t) =( (VCB – VO)/L)(t − t2) + iL2 (t2 ) = iQ2 (t) = −iCB(t) (16) iD1 (t) = iL1 (t) + iL2 (t) (17) VQ1 = VS – VCB (18) VD2 = VCB (19) VCB _ VCB(t2 ) –( IO/2CB)(t − t2 ). (20) Mode 4 [t3 –t4 ]: Mode 4 begins when Q2 is turned OFF at t3 , and its operation is the same with that of mode 2.
  • 4. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 18 The steady-state operation of the proposed IBC operating with the duty cycle of D ≤ 0.5 has been described. From the operation principles, it is known that the voltage stress of all semiconductor devices except Q2 is not the input voltage, but is determined by the voltage of coupling capacitor VCB. The maximum voltage of Q2 is the input voltage, but the voltage before turn-on or after turn-off is equal to VCB. As these results, the capacitive discharging and switching losses on Q1 and Q2 can be reduced considerably. In addition, since diodes with good characteristics such as schottky can be used for D1 and D2, the reverse-recovery and conduction losses can be also improved. The loss analysis will be discussed in detail in the next section. B. Steady-State Operation When D > 0.5 Mode 1 [t0 –t1 ]: Mode 1 begins when Q2 is in on-state and Q1 is turned ON at t0 . Then, iL 1 (t) flows through Q1 , CB , and L1 and VCB(t) is charged. iL 2 (t) flows through Q1 , Q2 , and L2 . VL 1 (t) is equal to the difference of VS , VCB, and VO and its level is positive. Thus, iL 1 (t) increases linearly from the initial value. VL 2 (t) is equal to the difference of VS and VO and iL 2 (t) also increases linearly from the initial value. The voltages and currents can be expressed as follows: VL1 (t) = VS − VCB – VO (21) VL2 (t) = VS – VO (22) VD1 = VS – VCB (23) VD2 = VS (24) iQ1 = iL1 (t) + iL2 (t) (25) iQ2 = iL2 (t). (26) Mode 2 [t1 –t2 ]: Mode 2 begins when Q2 is turned OFF at t1 . Then, iL 1 (t) flows through Q1 , CB , and L1 and iL 2 (t) freewheels through D2 . The operation during this mode is the same with mode 1 in the case of D ≤ 0.5. Mode 3 [t2 –t3 ]: Mode 3 begins when Q2 is turned ON at t2 , and the operation is the same with mode 1. Mode 4 [t3 –t4 ]: Mode 4 begins when Q1 is turned OFF at t3 . Then, iL 1 (t) freewheels through D1 and iL 2 (t) flows through D1 , CB , Q2 , and L2 . Thus, VCB is discharged. The operation during this mode is the same with mode 3 in the case of D ≤0.5. The steady-state operation of the proposed IBC operating with D > 0.5 has been described. Under this operating condition, the voltage stress of Q1 and D1 is determined by VCB, but the voltage stress of Q2 and D2 is determined by the input voltage. In addition, since VL 2 (t) is much larger than VL 1 (t) during mode 1 or mode 3, the unbalance between iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t) occurs, as shown in Fig. 6. The current of Q1 , iQ1 (t), is the sum of iL 1 (t) and iL 2 (t) and the current of Q2 , iQ2 (t), is equal to iL 2 (t) in mode 1 or mode 3. Therefore, it can be said that switches Q1 and Q2 experience high current stress in the case of D > 0.5. Until now, the steady-state operation of the proposed IBC has been described in detail. Consequently, it can be known that the proposed IBC has advantages in terms of efficiency and component stress in the case of onlyD≤0.5. Thus, the proposed IBC is recommended for the applications where the operating duty cycle is smaller than or equal to 0.5. III. RELEVANT ANALYSIS RESULTS The proposed IBC will be only employed in the applications where the operating duty cycle is below 0.5, but the following relevant analyses are conducted over the entire duty cycle range for a detail design guide.
  • 5. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 19 DC Conversion Ratio The dc conversion ratio of the proposed IBC can be derived using the principle of inductor volt-second- balance (VSB) .In the case ofD≤0.5, the following equations can be obtained from the VSB of L1 and L2 , respectively (VS −VCB− VO )DTS = VO (1 − D)TS (27) (VCB − VO )DTS = VO (1 − D)TS . (28) The voltage of the coupling capacitor can be obtained by substituting (28) into (27) and is equal to half of the input voltage as follows: VCB = VS/2 . (29) Then, the dc conversion ratio M can be obtained from (27) and (29) or (28) and (29) as follows: M = VO/VS= D/2 . (30) In the case of D > 0.5, the voltage of the coupling capacitor and the dc conversion ratio can be obtained by the same procedure and are expressed as follows, respectively VCB = VS (1 − D) (31) The proposed IBC has a higher step-down conversion As a result, the proposed IBC can overcome the extremely short duty cycle, which appears in the conventionalIBC. ratio than the conventional IBC Fig. 5. Operating circuits of the proposed IBC when D > 0.5 (a) Mode1 or 3.(b)Mode2.(c) Mode4.
  • 6. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 20 Fig. 6. Key operating waveforms of the proposed IBC when D >0.5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The proposed and conventional IBCs are realized with the specifications shown next. 1) Input voltage: VS = 150–200 V. 2) Output voltage: VO = 24 V. 3) Output current: IO = 10 A. 4) Switching frequency: fS = 65 kHz or 300 kHz. 5) Inductor ripple current: below 3 A. 6) Ripple voltage of a coupling capacitor: below 4 V. 7) Output voltage ripple: below 250 mV. The prototypes for the experiment, which are the conventional IBC and proposed IBCs, have been built and tested to verify the operational principle, advantages, and performances of the proposed IBC, using the components as shown in Table III. In order to alleviate the ringing caused by parasitic elements, two simple RC snubbers are used across diodes D1 and D2 , respectively. Their values are as follows: R =10 Ω/1 W, C = 10 nF/630 V. For the experiment of the proposed IBC2, which is the proposed IBC with lower voltage rated freewheeling diodes, the auxiliary circuit described in Section III is added.
  • 7. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 21 III. Simulation circuits and outputs of the proposed IBC from D<50% Fig: (7) Simulink Model of R Load Proposed diagram from D<50% Fig(8). Triggering pulses for R-load
  • 8. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 22 Fig(9). Output voltage for proposed R-load Fig(10). Cupling capacitor voltage wave & Diode 1 voltage& Diode 2 voltage output waveforms For R-Load Fig: (11) Simulink Model of RL Load Proposed diagram from D<50% For RL-Load
  • 9. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 23 Fig(12). Output voltage for proposed RL-load Fig(13). Cupling capacitor voltage wave & Diode 1 voltage& Diode 2 voltage output waveforms For RL-Load IV. CONCLUSION A new IBC is proposed in this project. While keeping the good characteristics of the IBC introduced in [14], it has a more simple structure. The main advantage of the proposed IBC is that since the voltage stress across active switches is half of the input voltage before turn-on or after turn-off when the operating duty is below 50%, the capacitive discharging and switching losses can be reduced considerably. In addition, since the voltage stress of the freewheeling diodes is half of the input voltage in the steady state and can be quickly reduced below the input voltage during the cold startup, the use of lower voltage-rated diodes is allowed. Thus, the losses related to the diodes can be improved by employing schottky diodes that have generally low breakdown voltages, typically below 200V. From these results, the efficiency of the proposed IBC is higher than that of the conventional IBC and the improvement gets larger as the switching frequency increases. These are verified with the experimental results. Moreover, it is confirmed that the proposed IBC has a higher step-down conversion ratio and a smaller inductor current ripple than the conventional IBC. Therefore, the proposed IBC becomes attractive in applications where non isolation, step-down conversion ratio with high input voltage, high output current with low ripple, higher power density, and low cost are required.
  • 10. Improved Step down Conversion in Interleaved Buck Converter and Low Switching Losses 24 REFERENCES [1] P. L. Wong, P. Xu, B. Yang, and F. C. Lee, “Performance improvements of interleaving VRMs with coupling inductors,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 168, no. 4, pp. 499–507, Jul. 2001. [2] R. L. Lin, C. C. Hsu, and S. K. Changchien, “Interleaved four-phase buck-based current source with isolated energy-recovery scheme for electrical discharge machine,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 2249–2258, Jul. 2009. [3] C. Garcia, P. Zumel, A. D. Castro, and J. A. Cobos, “Automotive DC–DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved buck stages,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 21, pp. 578–586, May 2006. [4] J. H. Lee, H. S. Bae, and B. H. Cho, “Resistive control for a photovoltaic battery charging system using a microcontroller,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2767–2775, Jul. 2008. [5] Y. C. Chuang, “High-efficiency ZCS buck converter for rechargeable batteries,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 2463–2472, Jul. 2010. [6] C. S.Moo, Y. J. Chen, H. L. Cheng, and Y. C. Hsieh, “Twin-buck converter with zero-voltage-transition,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2366–2371, Jun. 2011. [7] X. Du and H. M. Tai, “Double-frequency buck converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 54, pp. 1690–1698, May 2009. [8] K. Jin and X. Ruan, “Zero-voltage-switching multiresonant three-level converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1705–1715, Jun. 2007. [9] J. P. Rodrigues, S. A. Mussa, M. L. Heldwein, and A. J. Perin, “Three level ZVS active clamping PWM for the DC–DC buck converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 2249–2258, Oct. 2009. [10] X. Ruan, B. Li, Q. Chen, S. C. Tan, and C. K. Tse, “Fundamental considerations of three-level DC–DC converters: Topologies, analysis, and control,” IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst., vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 3733–3743, Dec. 2008. [11] Y. M. Chen, S. Y. Teseng, C. T. Tsai, and T. F. Wu, “Interleaved buck converters with a single-capacitor turn-off snubber,” IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electronic Syst., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 954–967, Jul. 2004. [12] C. T. Tsai and C. L. Shen, “Interleaved soft-switching coupled-buck converter with active-clamp circuits,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Power Electron. and Drive Systems., 2009, pp. 1113–1118. . [13] M. Ilic and D. Maksimovic, “Interleaved zero-current-transition buck con-verter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. App., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1619–1627, Nov. 2007. [14]K. Yao, Y. Qiu, M. Xu, and F. C. Lee, “A novel winding-coupled buck converter for high-frequency, high-step-down DC–DC conversion,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1017–1023, Sep. 2005. D. Lakshmi M.Tech Student from Kuppam Engineering College at Kuppam (JNTUA).I was awarded B.Tech from Kuppam Engineering College at Kuppam (JNTU A) in 2011. S. Zabiullah M.Tech. working as Assistant Professor, he was awarded M.Tech from Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering & Technologies in Chittoor (JNTU A) in 2011, he was awarded B.Tech from (JNTU A) in 2009. He has 3 years of teaching experience. His area of interest is Power Electronics & Electrical Drives. Dr.Venugopal ME, Ph.D., working as Professor, he was awarded Ph.D(video processing) from Dr. MGR University, Chennai, in 2011, he was awarded M.E (Power electronics) from University Visveshwaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore, in 1998, he was awarded B.E (EEE) from R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, in 1995. He has 16 years of teaching experience and he is currently working as Director (Research & Development) in Kuppam engineering college, kuppam. His research area interested in power electronics, vedio processing, power systems & renewable energy sources.