5. Simple Present Facts and generalization A dog is an animal Habits and routines I learn English twice a week Permanent situations I come from Basil State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know) more I have two eggs Fixed / official arrangement that we can't change The course starts in April
6. Present Continuous Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb + ing Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb + ing
7. Present Continuous Present or temporary activities They are swimming in the sea I'm drinking hot coffee now Future (personal) arrangements He is getting married this month I'm having my first driving lesson this week
8. Present Perfect Subject + Auxiliary verb + Past participle Auxiliary verb + Subject + Past participle Subject + Auxiliary verb+not + Past participle
9. Present Perfect Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before now We have already had breakfast I have already been to Paris Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment I have bought new shades Someone has taken my bag Actions which began in the past and continue in the present John has been a plumber for 2 years He has been our most serious partner for so long that I can assure you he's a very decent man
13. Simple Past Subject + Verb + ed or an irregular form Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb
14. Simple Past Events in the past that are now finished (e.g. I went to school) * I saw two colorful fishes in the lake yesterday Mary tried the soup but it was too hot to eat They saw us playing football He married a woman who lived in the same village Situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won a lottery) ** I lived in New York for 10 years (I don't live there anymore) A series of actions in the past He entered a room, lit a cigarette and smiled at the guests
15. Past Continuous Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb + ing Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb + ing
16. Past Continuous Actions in progress At 3 p.m., I was having lunch We were all thinking about our holidays Yesterday at this time Steven Seagal was riding a horse Interrupted actions in progress* They were talking about her when she walked into the room Shannon was filling in a questionnaire when the pen ran out of ink John was smoking a cigarette when he saw a spider Actions in progress at the same time in the past. While Kenneth was cleaning the living room, Sam was washing the dishes
17. Past Perfect Subject + Auxiliary verb + Past participle Auxiliary verb + Subject + Past participle Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Past participle
18. Past Perfect A completed action before another activity in the past When we arrived, the concert had already finishedIt had got/gotten worse before it got better. By the time I watched my favorite program, I had drunk a cup of bee By the time I got to the market, most of the stalls had already been closed Third conditional sentences (a) and reported speech (b) (read more at the bottom the page) If I hadn't taken my keys from the drawer, I would be able to get into my house My mum asked me whether I had visited grandma the previous day. Dissatisfaction with the past I wish I had taken more food with me
19. Past Perfect Continuous Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
20. Past Perfect Continuous Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past I had been running for an hour when it started raining Kathy put on weight because she had been eating too much sugar When I saw him I knew that he had been training Third conditional sentences (a) and reported speech (b) Mary said she had never been swimming so much in one day
22. Future Simple Promises I will come back at 10 p.m I will get Mary Unplanned actions (spontaneous decisions) Predictions based on experience or intuition I think he will regret his choice When I'm 60 years old, I will be completely bald Let's buy the snacks at the supermarket - they will be cheaper Habits
24. Future Continuous Future actions in progress. She'll be having a bath when I'm back home Tomorrow at nine, I will be hosing off (=washing with a hose) my car This time next week, I will be throwing a party I'll be watching TV when my mother arrives Guesses about the present or the future. They will be getting home just about now Polite questions about somebody's intentions.
