1. EMOTIONS

2. Definition of Emotion

Came from the Latin word ''emovere'' which
means ''to move out''.

Subjective reactions to experiences that are
associated with physiological and behavioral
changes(According to Woolfolk)

Feelings that generally have both physiological and
cognitive elements and that influence behavior(Acc.
to Feldman)

Considered as the building blocks of personality

3. Basic Emotions (Matlin,1992)
Emotion Function
FEAR PROTECTION
ANGER DESTRUCTION
JOY INCORPORATION
DISGUST REJECTION
ACCEPTANCE REPRODUCTION
SADNESS REINTEGRATION
SURPRISE ORIENTATION
ANTICIPATION EXPLORATION

4. ASPECTS OF EMOTIONS:

Personal emotional experiences
- characteristics of emotion which people
consciously feel, know and describe verbally

Physiological or bodily changes
- occur during the emotion

Behavior of the person
- how one acts and what one does

Motivational aspect

5. 3 Ways in Which Emotions Vary:
1.Intensity
- shows through the distinction we make between
grief and sadness, between fear or panic, or
annoyance and fury
2.Similarity
- emotions have tones; another is reflected in our
acceptance of the fact that joy and disgust
3.Polarity
- some emotions are opposite or polar to each other

6. Functions of Emotions
3 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS
( BY FELDMAN )
1.Preparation for action
- we are able to respond to changes in our environment
because our emotions enable us to prepare to respond to
the stimulus in our surroundings
2.Shaping future behavior
- one factor that shapes our future behavior is our
emotion.
- constant exposure to stimuli that stir our emotions
enables us to learn, relearn and unlearn a certain
behavior.

7. 3.Helping us interact more effectively with others
- we are interacting with one another almost every
time.
- understanding our emotions and emotions of others
enables us to symphatize with others

8. Physiological Components of Emotions
1.Dilation of the Pupils 5.Muscle Tremor and
Tension
2.Breathing Pattern
Changes
6.Salivary Secretion
3.Heart Rate Changes 7.Pilimotor Response
(Goosebumps)
4.Blood Pressure Usually
Rises
8.Galvanic skin response
(Skin Conductance)

9. Types of Emotional Reactions

Anger- the primary occasion for anger is when a goal
seeking activity is hindered.

Depression or grief- situations which cause
depressive or grief reactions are similar to those that
produce anger. The major difference is that there is
more of the element of finality in depressive states
than in angry situations.

Fear- one of the most troublesome emotional
reactions.

Love- mainly involves a focusing of strong positive
feelings on a person.

10. JAMES-LANGE Theory of Emotion

The concept of William James and Carl Lange about
emotion is that we are having emotional experiences as the
result of the body's reaction to the environmental
stimulation.

We experience emotions as a result of our physiological
changes that produce specific sensation.
 C R Y
 S T R IK ER E A C T
 S A D
 A N G R Y
IN T E R P R E T

11. Facial Feedback Theory of
Emotion

A major approach to the James-Lange Theory;

This emphasized on the facial expressions.

It is believed that the facial expressions hold the
key in initiating the experience of emotions

12. Cannon-Bard Theory

Walter Cannon and Philip Bard proposed a different view
on explaining the nature of human emotions.

Walter and Philip believed that both physiological arousal
and emotional experience are produced simultaneously by
the same stimulus
In perceiving certain stimulus which produces emotion, the
thalamus initiates a response that signals the Autonomic
Nervous System (ANS) and a visceral response is produced.
Also, the thalamus sends messages to the cerebral cortex for
the understanding of the emotional experiences.
The thalamus plays a major function in processing an
emotional response or experience.

13. THALAMUSSTIMULUS
Autonomic
Nervous
System
(ANS)
PHYSIOLOGIC
AL
REACTION
Cerebral
Cortex
AWARENESS
OF
EMOTIONS
THE CANNON-BARDTHE CANNON-BARD
THEORYTHEORY

14. SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY

Formulated by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, this
theory emphasized that we express emotions through a
combination of physiological arousal and environmental cues.

We experience emotion based on the physiological arousal and
our assessment on our current situation
STIMULUS THALAMUS
OBSERVATION
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CUES
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AROUSAL
IDENTIFYING
EMOTIONS

15. LAZARUS Cognitive Meditational Theory

It is the stimulus that causes emotional reaction. However,
this emotional reaction undergoes the process of cognitive
appraisal mediatus or ''to come between'', which means
that before the actual physical arousal and emotional
experience the person first interprets the arousal before
experiencing physiological and emotional experience.
STIMULUS APPRAISAL
(mediate)
EMOTIONA
L
EXPERIENC
E
PHYSIOLOGICA
L
RESPONSE

16. IntelligenceIntelligence : an: an
overviewoverview

17. Intelligence: the basics
Dr. Gardner discovered the
eight different types of
intelligence
Intelligence refers to how we
are wired
Thinking refers to how we
use our intelligence
People can be intelligent but
have poor thinking skills

18. Linguistic Intelligence
“word smart”
Definition: capacity to use language, your native
language, and perhaps other languages, to express
what's on your mind and to understand other people
Linguistic Intelligence traits: like to read, like to write,
like to listen, good at spelling, good memory for general
knowledge.

19. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
“number/reasoning smart”
Definition: the capacity to reason, calculate, recognize
patterns and handle logical thinking.
Logical-mathematical Intelligence traits: likes to count,
likes to be organized, good at problem solving.

20. Spatial Intelligence
“picture smart”
Definition: intelligence refers to the ancient hunter-gatherer
ability to represent the outer world internally in your mind. It gives
you the ability to know where you are in space.
Traits: likes art, drawing, sculpting, painting, good at reading
maps, thinks in pictures, can visualize or imagine vividly.

21. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
“body smart”
Definition: the capacity to use your whole body or parts of your
body: (your hands, your fingers, your arms), to solve a problem,
make something, or put on some kind of production.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence traits: good sense of balance,
good sense of rhythm, is graceful in movements, good hand-eye
coordination, can communicate ideas through gesture.

22. Musical Intelligence
“music smart”
Definition: The ability to compose songs and music, sing and
play instruments and appreciate all kinds of music. Also having a
strong sense of universal harmony and awareness of patterns in
life.
Musical Intelligence traits: sensitive to sound patterns, has a
good sense of pitch and rhythm, aware of complex structure of
musical notes.

23. Interpersonal Intelligence
“people smart”
Definition: the ability to work well with other people, to understand and
'get' them, to be aware of their motivations, their goals, their stated and
unstated intentions. It's about being a 'people person' able to empathize
with others.
Interpersonal Intelligence traits: good at negotiating, enjoys company,
gets on well with others, likes team work, sensitive to the feelings of
others.

24. Intrapersonal Intelligence
“self smart”
Definition: the ability to access, understand and communicate
one's own inner feelings.
Intrapersonal Intelligence traits: self-knowledge, deeply aware of
one’s own feelings, good at following instincts, self motivated.

25. Naturalist Intelligence
“nature smart”
Definition: the ability to see patterns in nature and work in natural
environment with livestock, wildlife, plants etc.
Naturalist Intelligence traits: feels at their best in nature, sensitive
to ecology, sensitive to environmental and animal abuse.

26. Conclusion
Each person has every one of
these intelligences
People are stronger in some
intelligences and weaker in
others
The idea of standard
“intelligence” does not
sufficiently encompass the
different abilities that
humans have

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