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The Presidency
T- 1-855-694-8886
Email- info@iTutor.com
By iTutor.com
The President’s Roles
Chief of State
 The President is chief of state. This means he is the ceremonial
head of the government of the United States, the symbol of all the
people of the nation.
Chief Executive
 The Constitution vests the President with the executive power of the
United States, making him or her the nation’s chief executive.
Chief Administrator
 The President is the chief administrator, or director, of the United
States government.
Chief Diplomat
 As the nation’s chief diplomat, the President is the main architect
of American foreign policy and chief spokesperson to the rest of the
world.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Commander in Chief
 The Constitution makes the President the commander in chief,
giving him or her complete control of the nation’s armed forces.
Chief Legislator
 The President is the chief legislator, the main architect of the
nation’s public policies.
Chief of Party
 The President acts as the chief of party, the acknowledged leader
of the political party that controls the executive branch.
Chief Citizen
 The President is expected to be “the representative of all the
people.”
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Qualifications for
President
Be a “natural born” citizen
Be at least 35 years old
Have lived in the U.S. for at
least 14 years.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Presidential Terms
Until 1951, There were no limits on
terms.
President FDR was elected for his 4th
term in 1944, which caused term limits.
The 22nd amendment limits the term to
the following: (A term lasts for 4yrs,
cannot be elected to more than 2 terms,
& can only serve up to 10 years).
Pay & Benefits
The salary is $400,000 per year.
A $50,000 per year expense account.
132 room White House
Large offices, full staff, use of Air Force
One, automobiles, and secret service.
Retirement of $150,000 per year
Vice President = $202,900 while in
office
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
The Constitution and Succession
Presidential succession is
the plan by which a
presidential vacancy is filled.
The 25th Amendment, ratified
in 1967, made it clear that the
Vice President will become
President if the President is
removed from office.
The Presidential Succession
Act of 1947 set the order of
succession following the Vice
President.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Presidential Disability
The VP is to become acting President
if:
1. The President informs Congress, in
writing, that “he is unable to discharge
the powers and duties of his office” or
2. The VP & a majority of the members
of the Cabinet inform Congress, in
writing, that the President is
incapacitated.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
The Vice Presidency
The Constitution only gives the VP
two duties besides becoming
President if the President is removed
from office:
1. To preside over the Senate, and
2. To help decide the question of
presidential disability.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
V.P.
If the office of Vice President becomes
vacant, the President nominates a new
Vice President subject to the approval
of Congress.
Today, the Vice President often
performs diplomatic and political chores
for the President.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Original Provisions of Electoral
College
Chapter 13, Section 32 41 5
The 12th Amendment
The 12th Amendment (1804): each elector
would cast one electoral vote for
President and Vice-President (same
ticket).
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
The Electoral College Today
Voters do not vote directly for the President. Instead,
they vote for electors in the electoral college.
 On January 6, the electoral
votes cast are counted by the
president of the Senate, and
the President and Vice
President are formally elected.
 All States, except two (Maine and
Nebraska), select electors based
on the winner of the popular vote
in that State.
 Electors then meet in the State
capitals on the Monday after the
second Wednesday in December
and cast their votes for President
and Vice President.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Flaws in the Electoral College
There are three major defects in the
electoral college:
(2) Nothing in the Constitution requires the electors to vote for the
candidate favored by the popular vote in their State.
(3) If no candidate gains a majority in the electoral college, the
election is thrown into the House (1800 and 1824). Each State is
given one vote. (States with smaller populations have the same
power as those with larger populations.)
(1) It is possible to win the popular vote in the presidential election,
but lose the electoral college vote. (1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000).
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Two Major Strengths of
the Electoral College
It is a known process.
In most election years, the electoral
college defines a clear winner quickly.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Proposed Reforms
 In the district plan (Congressional
District Plan), each congressional
district would select one elector
(just as they select
representatives), and two
electors would be selected
based on the overall popular
vote in a State (just as senators
are selected).
 Direct popular election, voters
would vote directly for the
President and Vice President
instead of electors.
 The proportional plan, each
candidate would receive the same
share of a State’s electoral vote as
he or she received in the State’s
popular vote.
 The national bonus plan, winner
of the popular vote gets an
additional 102 electoral votes.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
The Role of Conventions
Convention
Arrangements
The convention system
has been mainly built by
the two major parties in
American politics.
Party national committees
arrange the time and place
for their party’s nominating
convention.
The Apportionment
and Selection of
Delegates
Parties apportion the
number of delegates each
State will receive based on
electoral votes and other
factors.
Delegates are selected
through both presidential
primaries and the caucus-
convention process.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Presidential Primaries
Depending on the State, a presidential primary is an
election in which a party’s voters
(1) choose some or all of a State’s party organization’s delegates to
their party’s national convention, and/or
(2) express a preference among various contenders for their party’s
presidential nomination.
Many States use a proportional representation rule to
select delegates. In this system, a proportion of a State’s
delegates are chosen to match voter preferences in the
primary.
More than half of the States hold preference primaries
where voters choose their preference for a candidate.
Delegates are selected later to match voter preferences.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
The National Convention
(2) To bring the various factions and the leading personalities
in the party together in one place for a common purpose,
and
:
(1) To officially name the party’s presidential and vice-
presidential candidates,
(3) To adopt the party’s platform—its formal statement of
basic principles, stands on major policy matters, and
objectives for the campaign and beyond.
A party’s national convention is the meeting at which
delegates vote to pick their presidential and vice-presidential
candidates. Party conventions accomplish three main goals
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Who Is Nominated?
If an incumbent President wants to seek reelection, his or
her nomination is almost guaranteed.
Political experience factors into the nomination process.
State governors and U.S. senators have historically been
favored for nomination.
Larger states, such as California, New York, and Ohio,
have usually been seen as more electable than candidates
from smaller states.
The End
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The Presidency

  • 1. The Presidency T- 1-855-694-8886 Email- info@iTutor.com By iTutor.com
  • 2. The President’s Roles Chief of State  The President is chief of state. This means he is the ceremonial head of the government of the United States, the symbol of all the people of the nation. Chief Executive  The Constitution vests the President with the executive power of the United States, making him or her the nation’s chief executive. Chief Administrator  The President is the chief administrator, or director, of the United States government. Chief Diplomat  As the nation’s chief diplomat, the President is the main architect of American foreign policy and chief spokesperson to the rest of the world. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 3. Commander in Chief  The Constitution makes the President the commander in chief, giving him or her complete control of the nation’s armed forces. Chief Legislator  The President is the chief legislator, the main architect of the nation’s public policies. Chief of Party  The President acts as the chief of party, the acknowledged leader of the political party that controls the executive branch. Chief Citizen  The President is expected to be “the representative of all the people.” © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 4. Qualifications for President Be a “natural born” citizen Be at least 35 years old Have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 5. Presidential Terms Until 1951, There were no limits on terms. President FDR was elected for his 4th term in 1944, which caused term limits. The 22nd amendment limits the term to the following: (A term lasts for 4yrs, cannot be elected to more than 2 terms, & can only serve up to 10 years).
  • 6. Pay & Benefits The salary is $400,000 per year. A $50,000 per year expense account. 132 room White House Large offices, full staff, use of Air Force One, automobiles, and secret service. Retirement of $150,000 per year Vice President = $202,900 while in office © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 7. The Constitution and Succession Presidential succession is the plan by which a presidential vacancy is filled. The 25th Amendment, ratified in 1967, made it clear that the Vice President will become President if the President is removed from office. The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 set the order of succession following the Vice President. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 8. Presidential Disability The VP is to become acting President if: 1. The President informs Congress, in writing, that “he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office” or 2. The VP & a majority of the members of the Cabinet inform Congress, in writing, that the President is incapacitated. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 9. The Vice Presidency The Constitution only gives the VP two duties besides becoming President if the President is removed from office: 1. To preside over the Senate, and 2. To help decide the question of presidential disability. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 10. V.P. If the office of Vice President becomes vacant, the President nominates a new Vice President subject to the approval of Congress. Today, the Vice President often performs diplomatic and political chores for the President. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 11. Original Provisions of Electoral College Chapter 13, Section 32 41 5
  • 12. The 12th Amendment The 12th Amendment (1804): each elector would cast one electoral vote for President and Vice-President (same ticket). © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 13. The Electoral College Today Voters do not vote directly for the President. Instead, they vote for electors in the electoral college.  On January 6, the electoral votes cast are counted by the president of the Senate, and the President and Vice President are formally elected.  All States, except two (Maine and Nebraska), select electors based on the winner of the popular vote in that State.  Electors then meet in the State capitals on the Monday after the second Wednesday in December and cast their votes for President and Vice President. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 14. Flaws in the Electoral College There are three major defects in the electoral college: (2) Nothing in the Constitution requires the electors to vote for the candidate favored by the popular vote in their State. (3) If no candidate gains a majority in the electoral college, the election is thrown into the House (1800 and 1824). Each State is given one vote. (States with smaller populations have the same power as those with larger populations.) (1) It is possible to win the popular vote in the presidential election, but lose the electoral college vote. (1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000). © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 15. Two Major Strengths of the Electoral College It is a known process. In most election years, the electoral college defines a clear winner quickly. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 16. Proposed Reforms  In the district plan (Congressional District Plan), each congressional district would select one elector (just as they select representatives), and two electors would be selected based on the overall popular vote in a State (just as senators are selected).  Direct popular election, voters would vote directly for the President and Vice President instead of electors.  The proportional plan, each candidate would receive the same share of a State’s electoral vote as he or she received in the State’s popular vote.  The national bonus plan, winner of the popular vote gets an additional 102 electoral votes. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 17. The Role of Conventions Convention Arrangements The convention system has been mainly built by the two major parties in American politics. Party national committees arrange the time and place for their party’s nominating convention. The Apportionment and Selection of Delegates Parties apportion the number of delegates each State will receive based on electoral votes and other factors. Delegates are selected through both presidential primaries and the caucus- convention process. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 18. Presidential Primaries Depending on the State, a presidential primary is an election in which a party’s voters (1) choose some or all of a State’s party organization’s delegates to their party’s national convention, and/or (2) express a preference among various contenders for their party’s presidential nomination. Many States use a proportional representation rule to select delegates. In this system, a proportion of a State’s delegates are chosen to match voter preferences in the primary. More than half of the States hold preference primaries where voters choose their preference for a candidate. Delegates are selected later to match voter preferences. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 19. The National Convention (2) To bring the various factions and the leading personalities in the party together in one place for a common purpose, and : (1) To officially name the party’s presidential and vice- presidential candidates, (3) To adopt the party’s platform—its formal statement of basic principles, stands on major policy matters, and objectives for the campaign and beyond. A party’s national convention is the meeting at which delegates vote to pick their presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Party conventions accomplish three main goals © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
  • 20. Who Is Nominated? If an incumbent President wants to seek reelection, his or her nomination is almost guaranteed. Political experience factors into the nomination process. State governors and U.S. senators have historically been favored for nomination. Larger states, such as California, New York, and Ohio, have usually been seen as more electable than candidates from smaller states. The End Call us for more Information: www.iTutor.com 1-855-694-8886 Visit