1. Single-Family
Rentals
Q2 2020
Arbor Realty Trust, Inc.

2. 1
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
Single-Family Rentals in COVID-19 Crisis Show Resilience
“The single-family rental (SFR) market has experienced robust growth following the Great Recession. Now, with the coronavirus requiring
social distancing and staying at home, the appeal of less dense, more spacious single-family living continues to increase.”
SFR Cap Rates Hold Steady as Benchmark Interest Rates Fall
“Throughout this cycle, cap rates — the relationship between net operating income (NOI) and property values — have consistently fallen.
The steady drop has come as the SFR sector has formalized, liquidity has improved and benchmark yields have similarly found new depths.”
Build to Rent Gains Popularity Among SFR Investors
“As the inventory of lower-priced homes continues to decline post-crisis, SFR investors are finding success and achieving greater yields in
the build-to-rent market, noted several panelists at the recent IMN Single-Family Rental Investment Forum East in Hollywood, FL.”
SFR’s Rising Affordability Counters National Crisis
“By two key measures — rent share of income and remaining income after rent — SFRs have become increasingly affordable over the
course of this cycle.”
Single-Family Rental Portfolio Financing Trends
“As commercial real estate investors move further out on the yield spectrum, they are increasingly considering the single-family rental
(SFR) asset class. Large portfolio transactions have made headlines in recent years, yet individual investors still own 80% of the SFR
marketplace.”
Arbor Chatter Single-Family Rental Archives:
https://arbor.com/blog/topic/single-family-rental/
Arbor Chatter Blog Single-Family Rentals Top Posts

3. 2
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
State of the Single-Family Rental Market
When it comes to residential real estate or the economy more broadly, by any stretch of
the imagination, the slowdown is far from over. There are, however, key differences
starting to appear that signal that some product types will return to pre-pandemic levels of
momentum more quickly than others. Based on pricing in public equity markets, migration
patterns, and measures of asset pricing, single-family rentals (SFR) stand as residential real
estate's most opportunistic sub-sector.
Based on data compiled by NAREIT, Equity Apartment REITs are down an average of 23%
year-to-date from the end of July. Narrowing in on REITs that own and operate single-
family rentals over the same period, returns skew far more positively. The two largest REITs
in the sector, Invitation Homes and American Homes 4 Rent, are up 1.2% and 12.0%,
respectively. Taken together, these trends suggest that the market is more optimistic about
the SFR sector than the residential sector broadly.
The growing acceptability and adoption of work-from-home setups are framing housing
decisions across the board, boosting demand for exurban housing options. However, as
many of the accommodative features in the CARES act expire, the likelihood of increased
tenant performance issues in the coming months remains high. All else equal, while the
single-family rental sector will continue to work some COVID-related performance issues, it
is as well insulated as any residential product type over the medium term.
Note: Chandan Economics defines SFRs as properties containing less than five units for all performance
metrics data. For SFR construction starts data, only one-unit properties are considered.
Source: Arbor/Chandan Economics Single-Family Rental Investment Trends Report
• Cap Rates Tick Up to 6.7%
• SFR Return Premiums Widen
to 6.0% Above Treasuries,
Remain 1.3% Above
Multifamily
• Occupancy Rates jump 100
bps from Q1

4. 3
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
Source: Chandan Economics' Analysis of Census Bureau Data
SFR Occupancy Rates
United States, Quarterly
88.0%
89.0%
90.0%
91.0%
92.0%
93.0%
94.0%
95.0%
96.0%
2Q11
3Q11
4Q11
1Q12
2Q12
3Q12
4Q12
1Q13
2Q13
3Q13
4Q13
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
4Q15
1Q16
2Q16
3Q16
4Q16
1Q17
2Q17
3Q17
4Q17
1Q18
2Q18
3Q18
4Q18
1Q19
2Q19
3Q19
4Q19
1Q20
2Q20
Occupancy Rate (All SFR)
Occupancy rates across all single-family rentals, as measured by the Census Bureau, averaged 95.30% in the second quarter of 2020,
spiking by 100 bps from the first quarter. The latest estimate is the highest reading for the SFR market since 1994 and is the largest single-
quarter jump since the beginning of 2016. From its 2007-low, occupancy rates for all SFR properties are up by 5.6%.

5. 4
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
Source: Chandan Economics
SFR Cap Rates
United States, Quarterly
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
12.0%
2Q11
3Q11
4Q11
1Q12
2Q12
3Q12
4Q12
1Q13
2Q13
3Q13
4Q13
1Q14
2Q14
3Q14
4Q14
1Q15
2Q15
3Q15
4Q15
1Q16
2Q16
3Q16
4Q16
1Q17
2Q17
3Q17
4Q17
1Q18
2Q18
3Q18
4Q18
1Q19
2Q19
3Q19
4Q19
1Q20
2Q20
SFR Cap Rates 10-Year Treasury Spread
Cap rates on SFR properties peaked at 11.0% as home prices bottomed out in 2012. The formalization of the SFR sector in the intervening
few years has meant greater cap rate stability. Generally, national SFR cap rates have hovered between 6% and 8% for the past six years.
SFR cap rates ticked up to 6.7% in Q2 2020, up 5 bps from the prior quarter, and up 16 bps from a year earlier.

6. 5
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
Source: Chandan Economics
SFR Debt Yields
United States, Quarterly
8.0%
9.0%
10.0%
11.0%
12.0%
13.0%
2Q15 2Q16 2Q17 2Q18 2Q19 2Q20
SFR Debt Yields
Debt yields fell 17 bps between the first and second quarter,
averaging at 10.6%. The reading falls closely in line with the
average set across 2019 of 10.5%.
Source: Chandan Economics
SFR Debt Encumbrance
United States, Quarterly
$6.0
$7.0
$8.0
$9.0
$10.0
$11.0
2Q15 2Q16 2Q17 2Q18 2Q19 2Q20
SFR Debt per Dollar of NOI
Debt encumbrance per dollar of NOI rose by 15 cents in Q2 to
$9.40. These trends suggest that appetites for credit risk have
largely gone unaffected in SFR due to the pandemic.

7. 6
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
U.S. Recession
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
1Q05 1Q08 1Q11 1Q14 1Q17 1Q20
SFR Default Rates
Source: Chandan Economics
SFR Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratios
United States, Quarterly
Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratios on SFR mortgages rose 190 bps in the
second quarter of 2020, settling at 66.1%. The increase is the
biggest quarter-over-quarter jumps since late-2014. Still, the
reading is below cyclical-highs observed in late-2017.
Source: Chandan Economics; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Residential Default Rates
United States, Quarterly, Loans Secured by 1- to 4-Unit Properties
60.0%
62.0%
64.0%
66.0%
68.0%
70.0%
2Q15 2Q16 2Q17 2Q18 2Q19 2Q20
SFR LTV Ratios
In the first quarter of 2020, default rates remained unchanged at
1.8%. There remains some concern mortgage defaults still may
rise appreciably due to COVID-19, though such developments
have yet to materialize.

8. 7
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
U.S. Recession
0.00%
1.25%
2.50%
3.75%
5.00%
6.25%
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Build to Rent (Units, Thousands) Build-to-Rent Share (%)
Between 1975 and the start of the prior recession in 2007, SFR accounted for a little less than 1.6% of all single-family construction. SFR’s
share of single-family starts has since soared. In 2013, SFR’s construction share approached 5%, and today it remains elevated at 3.6%. SFR
construction starts totaled 40,000 units through the 12 months ending Q1 2020, down 5,000 from the post-recession high set in Q3 2018.
Source: Chandan Economics' Analysis of Census Bureau Data; National Bureau of Economic Research
Build-to-Rent Single-Family Housing Starts
United States, 12-Month Average, 1- to 4-Unit Properties

9. 8
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
Source: Amherst Capital, “U.S. Single-Family Rental – An Emerging Institutional Asset Class,” November 2016
SFR Market Value
Estimated Values of Commercial Real Estate Sectors, United States, Trillions
$3.1
$3.5
$2.2
$2.7
$1.6
$0.9
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Single-Family Rental Multifamily Office Retail Industrial Hospitality
Amherst Capital estimates the value of the SFR sector to be $3.1 trillion, only slightly lower than multifamily’s value, and larger than the
estimates of other commercial real estate sectors such as office, retail, industrial and hospitality.

10. 9
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018
22.3
53%
19.5
47%
Single-Family Rentals Multifamily
SFR Market Share
Renter-Occupied Housing Units by Units in Structure (Millions)
The nation’s rental market had a total of 41.9
million renter-occupied housing units as of
2018, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s
latest American Community Survey.
SFRs represented 53% of total renter-
occupied housing units (22.3 million units,
including two- to four-unit properties), while
multifamily properties accounted for 47%
(19.5 million units, including properties with
five-plus units).
Note: Mobile home and boat, RV, van, etc. properties are not included in the data

11. 10
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
14.7
35%
7.6
18%
13.7
33%
5.8
14%
Single-Family Rentals (1-Unit) Duplex-Quadruplex (2-4 Units)
Small Multifamily (5-49 Units) Large Multifamily (50+ Units)
When breaking down the asset classes
further, SFRs represented 35% (14.7 million
units) of total renter-occupied housing units,
duplex-quadruplex represented 18% (7.6
million units), small multifamily represented
33% (13.7 million units), and large
multifamily properties represented 14% (5.8
million units).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018
SFR Market Share
Renter-Occupied Housing Units by Units in Structure (Millions)
Note: Mobile home and boat, RV, van, etc. properties are not included in the data

12. 11
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
U.S. Recession
50.0%
52.0%
54.0%
56.0%
58.0%
60.0%
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Single-Family Rentals (Millions) Single-Family Rental Market Share (%)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2005-2018
There was a net increase in SFRs in nearly every year from 2008 to 2012. As the economy grew, and jobs and incomes rose, the SFR market
share of total renter-occupied housing units started to decline beginning in 2015.
Note: Mobile home and boat, RV, van, etc. properties are not included in the data
SFR Market Share
Renter-Occupied Housing Units by Units in Structure (Millions), 1- to 4-Unit Properties

13. 12
Single-Family Rentals Q2 2020
16.9
72%
3.7
16%
0.4
2% 2.4
10%
Individual Investor LLP, LP or LLC
REIT/Corporation All Others
Of the 23.4 million single-family rental housing units included in
the U.S. Census Bureau’s Rental Housing Finance Survey, (RHFS)
individual investors own 72%, a total of 16.9 million units. The
next largest being limited partnerships, at 16%.
By far, the largest ownership share of multifamily properties with
50 or more units are limited partnerships, at 61%. Individual
investors own 7% of units in these properties.
Properties with 5 to 49 units are more segmented, with individual
investors owning a 23% share and limited partnerships owning a
slight majority, at 51%.
The 2018 RHFS covered approximately 48.0 million total rental
housing units throughout the U.S, and included single-family
residential and multifamily residential properties with at least one
housing unit intended for rent. The reference period of the survey
was all 12 months of 2017.
Single-Family Rental Ownership
Rental Housing Finance Survey, Percent of Units (Millions)
Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; U.S. Census Bureau, Rental Housing Finance Survey 2018
Note: Single-family includes one- to four-unit properties

14. ARBOR.COM • 1.800.ARBOR.10
About Us
Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE:ABR) is a nationwide real estate investment trust and direct lender, providing loan
origination and servicing for multifamily, single-family rental (SFR) portfolios, seniors housing, healthcare and other
diverse commercial real estate assets. Headquartered in Uniondale, New York, Arbor manages a multibillion-dollar
servicing portfolio, specializing in government-sponsored enterprise products. Arbor is a Fannie Mae DUS® lender and
Freddie Mac Optigo Seller/Servicer. Arbor’s product platform also includes CMBS, bridge, mezzanine and preferred
equity loans. Rated by Standard and Poor’s and Fitch Ratings, Arbor is committed to building on its reputation for
service, quality and customized solutions with an unparalleled dedication to providing our clients excellence over the
entire life of a loan.
The research contained in this report should not be construed as a solicitation to and/or trade. All opinions, news,
research, analyses, prices or other information is provided as general market commentary and not as investment advice;
all information is subject to change. Arbor, its members, shareholders, employees, agents and representatives do not
warrant the completeness, accuracy or timeliness of the information supplied, and shall not be liable for any loss or
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