4. Philosophy for Children
What is P4C?
How can P4C help towards outstanding
learning and teaching?
What resources are suitable for P4C?
What are the best facilitation techniques to
ensure progress?
6. The aim of a thinking
skills programme
such as P4C is not to
turn children into
philosophers but to
help them become
more thoughtful,
more reflective, more
considerate and
more reason-able
individuals
P4C – Created by Matthew Lipman
7.
8. 1.Sit in a circle
2.Share a story, text or other stimulus
3.Ask (philosophical) questions
4.Choose the best question
5. Identify the key concept
6. Listen to other perspectives
7. Apply critical and creative thinking
8. Consider progress
Typical P4C Format
9. • Children gained on average 6 standard points on a measure
of cognitive abilities after 16 months of weekly P4C
• Pupils increased their level of participation in classroom
discussion by half as much again following 6 months of
weekly P4C
• Incidents of children supporting their views with reasons,
doubled over a 6 month period
• Teachers doubled their use of open-ended questions over
a 6 month period
• Pupils and teachers perceived significant gains in
communication, confidence, concentration, participation and
social behaviour following 6 months of P4C
Impact of P4C – research findings
15. P4C and thinking skills
“No programme I am aware of
is more likely to teach durable
and transferable thinking skills
than Philosophy for Children”
Robert Sternberg
President of the American Psychological Association
16. “... are committed to the development of
sustained shared thinking by offering
encouragement, clarifying ideas and asking
open questions which support and extend
children’s thinking and help them make
connections in learning – while ensuring a
balance between adult-led and child initiated
activities” (EYFS 1.27)
A continuously improving setting will have well-
qualified and experienced staff who:
20. I know it’s
wrong to
steal
But then why
was Robin
Hood a hero?
Cognitive Conflict is Key to P4C
21. Kriticos = able to make judgments
Critical Thinking
Comes from the Greek,
Kriticos
Meaning: able to make
judgments
Source:
www.etymonline.com
22. If A = B then
Does B = A?
Friend Trust
Trust Friend
For example …
Wobblers (If A = B)
23.
24. If A = B then
If it’s NOT B = NOT A?
Real See It
Can’t See It Not Real?
For example …
Wobblers (If NOT A ?)
25. EY and Primary Concepts
Me Fairness
Real Language
Home Telling lies
Growth/Change Same
Pets Emotions
Friends Thinking
Belonging Dreaming
26.
27. 3 weeks old 2 years old 4 years old Adult
What makes you, you?
Are you the same person you were when you were a baby?
If you had a different name, would you be a different person?
When you play make believe, are you still you?
What Makes Me, Me?
28. Using Pictures
What’s this
about?
What
messages could
someone take
from this?
What caption
could we put with
this picture?
What themes
are there in this
picture?
The story of the Pig of Happiness has been scanned into a separate PPT. So, if it’s possible to create a link here that will start up another PPT (just put in a dummy PPT for now) to save me than having to come out of this PPT and going into another PPT, then that would be great.
The last 4 lines should be in a different colour, or in some way differentiated from the others, so that I can make the point about where lessons might be split