Management science

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (MGT 60204)
SEW YUE LING 0327032
PHON KIT POI 0328435
LIEU XUE QI 0327523
JACQUELYN VANESSA TEE 0320021
LEE JIA KIAM

Company Profile
Our company, A+ Builders Construction Sdn Bhd was
incorporated in 2017 as a private company by 5 qualified
quantity surveyors who are graduated from Taylor’s University,
Sew Yue Ling, Phon Kit Poi, Lieu Xue Qi, Jacquelyn Vanessa Tee
and Lee Jia Kiam. After 10 years of working in the construction
industry, 5 of us want to start up a construction company with
RM 1 million as capital.
Our company is a medium sized firm and mainly focus on
construction projects such as houses and buildings to bridges
and skyscrapers. Our company is experienced in fulfilling the
role of construction manager. Being a construction manager, we
work closely with the engineers and architects to build a high quality buildings.
A+ builders is our company name. There is a reason behind the name. A+ stand for A Plus. We produce
A+ products and provide A+ services and construction technique. Besides that, we also provide A+
training for our employees so that they can serve our clients with their A+ services. Moreover, A+ also
certifies about the environment issue, by conserving the environment, we produce the products that
in line with green technology to minimize the environmental impacts.

Vision & Mission Statement, Core Values
Vision statement
Our vision is to be the best construction company in the sustainable future, recognized and
acknowledged by the clients and always theirs first choice. To create and maintain the highly skilled of
employees to serve our clients to meet theirs demand.
Mission statement
1. To provide the highest quality of products and construction services to customer
2. To create a long term relationship with our clients
3. To develop new technology to meet the customer demand
4. To complete projects on time
5. To create harmony and peaceful lifestyle in the company
Core values
Customer satisfaction
We always place our customer at the first place. Customers’ satisfaction is the most important core
value to us. We strive to provide A+ services through the quality of products, efficient and effective
service and innovative solution to our customers. “Your satisfaction is our greatest achievement”.

Trustworthy
Mutual trust is essential for the business. Trust people to do the right things. Trust is built on the
responsibilities given to each others and is important to each employees in the company. Other than
that, we will let the customers to trust us and feel confident every time they do business with us. Be
transparent and open to customers and always tell the truth.
Team work
Every employees, employers and business partner must able to work collaboratively and support each
others to solve the problems and improve the creativity and innovation and also the quality of
decision making and. Teamwork is the key to success and achieve more. “We” come first, “I” come
last.
Effectiveness and Efficiency
We seek effective and efficient way to solve the problems and serve our clients better. We keep
things simple, do the work that add value and avoid wasting money, materials, energy and time.
Creating more flexibility, reducing stress and increasing performance by continuous “best practice”.
Passion
Passion for what we are doing and inspire others with your positive attitude. Passion is contagious.
We believe in having positive attitude and will inspire others to have the same. We put our heart and
mind together in our work to get the best.
Innovation
We try to present our work differently. Innovation is the key to continue growth of a business.
Develop and create new ideas to improve the quality of the company. Working together can turn out
more ideas and solutions to solve the problems and improve the creativity of the company.
Respectful
Respect is a core value in every place. We strive to treat others as we would like to be treated. We
treat each other with fairness and dignity. Truly listen to the observations and opinions of others and
let them penetrate. Never talk down to people. Always be aware of and honor others' rights and
feelings.
Health and safety
The safety of our people is imperative and is not subject to negotiation or interpretation. We commit
to maintain a healthy and safety working environment for our employees, our contractors and clients.
Our company promotes a disciplined approach to Health, Safety & Wellness through training,
communication, incentives and wellness programs to all our employees and their families.

Goals
Short term goal
1. Grow the business rapidly in term of profitability
2. Improving customer satisfaction and relationship
3. Earn back 20% of the capital
4. To minimize the turnover rate
5. Train the employees to the highest quality
Mid term goal
1. Earn back fully capital
2. To get recognition and trustworthy by the clients
3. Develop a stable internal operation system
4. Expand our company to worldwide
5. Receive at least 95% of positive customer feedback
Long term goal
1. Increase “Green” building construction
2. Become a successful international company
3. Gain high reputation of the company
4. Becoming Malaysia’s top 10 construction company
5. Well developed to be involved in international construction projects

Organization Culture of A+ Builders
Organization culture is a must for every company and organization. Since, organization’s culture can
motivate staff to work hard and increase their productivity to reach the company goal. In this year,our
company had organise a company trip to Bangkok for those staff that achieve their own goal. This
management strategy is learn from the top companies like Google and Netflix Inc. For example,
Google Inc. is popular with the way they treat their staff with the comfortable working surrounding,
staff benefit and greater employee freedom.
Besides that, our company had provided insurance for our staff since we are in construction field.
Construction field is considered a risky job therefore we will make sure every staff who enter site is
CIDB holder and we do provide extra insurance for every each of employees.
Since a healthy mind in a healthy body so we have offer every employees a discounted gym
membership. This action tells us that exercise is important in our life. So, we hope that our employees
can have a Work-Life balance.
Moreover, our company start on time and end on time. You start work at 9am and end at 5pm. We
did not encourage the employees to work overtime. Those hours are for you, your families and friends
to contact relationships.
Other than that, our company had organized a company dinner which set on every last friday of the
month. Every employees will have to attend the company dinner to build relationship between people
who may not work together regularly and break down silos that may exist between some
departments. We encourage the employees to chat about life, personal and others but not work life.
Lastly, hockey pool and ping pong table are placed in the office. This two things are provided to let the
employees to release their stress. Great company will have great employees and excellent
performance. First of all, excellent performance come from stress-free. If the employees are stressed,
they cannot think well and thus cannot perform well.

Organization Chart of A+ Builders

Job Scope for Each Position in Company
Board of Director
Board of Director is a group of people that have powers and responsibility to direct and manage a
company or an organization.This position is a representative of a company who has to attend board
meeting to make the final decision on the several major problem that happened in the company.Plus,
the board of director have to set the vision,mission and value of the company.
General Manager
A general manager have to handle revenue and cost elements of a company.Therefore,it require a
certain job skill like leadership,decision-making skill and budgeting skill. All these skill are used to lead
and direct the employees to make a profitable business.
Project Management Department
Project Manager is responsibility on planning, procurement and execution of a project.A project
manager have to work close with upper manager to make sure every each project is fit with the scope
and schedule.
Human Resources Department
Human resources manager must good in communication with each other because they have to
oversee the interviewing or hiring new staff.Besides that , human resources manager must familiar
with employment law because every time when they hire or fire a staff must make sure they did not
obey the law.
Finance Department
Finance manager have to analyze the finance activity and provide advice on the future finance
plans.Besides that , Finance manager have to provide a financial reports and advises on investment
activities to maintain the financial health of the company.
Purchasing Department
Purchasing manager is responsible to buy or approve goods and services that needed by a company.
They have to make sure that they bought the best quality of the products with the most competitive
price to help company save budget.
Marketing Department
A marketing manager is manage marketing a business or a products.They have to do research to
analysing market trends to target markets.
Information Technology
Information technology manager have to manage information technology and computer system. In
our firm, the information technology manager have to familiar with the AutoCAD.

Quantity Surveyor
A quantity surveyor must expert on manage construction cost and contracts.Generally, quantity
surveyor have to prepare a internal cost and value report to upper manager at the same time have to
fulfilled the customer needs.
Site Supervisor
The job duties of a supervisor is planning, scheduling and monitoring the project .They also have to
manage the safety and health of work environment by following the standard of safety rules that set
by government. This can prevent fines and interruption that might happen in site.
Contractor
A contractor is a person who work on contract basis that in charge with a contract to provide material
and services.Besides that, contractor also responsible to manage vendors , trade and communicate
with all parties about the building project information.
Office Manager
Office manager have to maintain the office to operate smoothly like handling meeting,appointment
and arrange schedule for maintenance services.Plus,Office manager should manage a variety of office
software like email and database.
Accountant
A accountant job is prepare asset, liability and capital account of the company to do compiling and
analyzing the account information.So, it would be easy to summarize the financial account of a
company.In the end, all the document have to audit.
Software Engineer
A software engineering have to design,develop, testing and evaluate a project by software like ANSIC
and Power Builder.

Job Skills Needed at Each Level of Management
Managers
Conceptual skills - This skill calls for the ability to think analytically. Analytical skills enable managers
to break down problems into smaller parts, to see the relations among the parts and to recognize the
implications of any problems for others.
Human skills - This skill demonstrates the ability to work well in cooperation with others.
Technical skills - This skill requires the ability to use a special proficiency expertise to perform
particular tasks.

Employees
Communication skills - Being able to communicate effectively is the most important of all life skills.
Communication can transfer information from one to another. Besides that, communication can help
each other become more understanding. The most important is communication can help to share and
express the ideas, so that everyone can work together easily.
Team working skills - Ability to work in a team and enhance the group performance to achieve the
common goal.
Analytical skills - This skill called for the ability to analyse, visualize, articulate, conceptualize and solve
problems effectively and efficiency.
Computer skills - Ability to use computers technology and familiar with the operations of Microsoft
applications such as Word, PowerPoint and Excel. Besides that, employees at the project management
department must have the ability to use AutoCAD.

SWOT
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
We are confident that we are excellence staff
with strong knowledge and good friendship to
build up a company. A good partnership with a
good internal communication can make the
company successful.
Since 5 of us are fresh in the market ,we might
be facing cash flow problem such as high rental
problem due to insufficient market research.
In addition, we don’t have a nation brand name
and loyalty customer so we have to make some
advertisement to let people know our company.
OPPORTUNITY THREAT
We are able to provide consultant services to
customers to know what they want. Besides that
we have a training for worker to train them
master on certain field like Information
Technology.
We are a new set up company so we are lack of
experience if compare with others competitors.
Plus, they have more capital than us to provide
similar products with a cheaper price.
Besides that, there are a lot new construction
technology in the market so it might reduce the
number of customers.

Strategic Plan of A+ Builders
Purpose
To be the best construction company in the sustainable future, recognized and acknowledged
by the clients and always theirs first choice. To create and maintain the highly skilled of
employees to serve our clients to meet theirs demand.
Department
Project
Management
Department
Purchasing
Department
Marketing
Department
Information
Technology
Department
Human
Resource
Department
Strategies
Increase “Green”
building
construction.
Encourage
repeat
purchases from
existing
customers.
Connect with
customers while
in our store and
increase sales.
Increase the
number of use of
software.
Recruit high
quality of
employees.
Tactics
Use sustainable
materials for
construction.
Email existing
customers with
referral % deal
for new
customers
Offer location
based mobile
apps on top
three platforms,
and provide top
5 needed use
cases based on
customer desire
and usage
patterns.
Use AutoCAD,
Cloud
Computing, BIM
and Project
Management
Software.
Offer training
programme for
all trainees.
Training is
necessary and
provided for all
employees.

Task 2
Selection Criteria of Employees
Our company wishes to hire 3 management trainees to assist theirs manager and others senior staff
members. Each trainees will be sent to different department to train such as project management
department, finance department and information technology department. The trainees recruitment is
fall under the Human Resources Department. Human Resources Department plays an important role
in our company. Their’s job is to determine whether the trainees fulfill the requirements and needs.
As the employers of the company, we would like to recruit externally for the three positions. As these
jobs are more professional than the others, so experienced employees will be our priority in the
selection of the employees to increase their performance. External recruitment brings benefits. It
increase the chance of finding the right person for the job. Besides that, it provides an opportunity for
a fresh outlook on the industry that a company may need to stay competitive. Moreover, it provide
many opportunities to find experienced and high quality of employees that will meets the company
requirements. Lastly, external recruitment may bring in new ideas that can increase the creativity of
the company and become more competitive.
Selection criteria of project management trainee
● Prefer male cause need to working at construction site
● Candidates must posses at least a Bachelor’s Degree (more capable and trusted by client)
● Related industry experience will be an added advantage
● Good time management on how to divide the time on specific projects
● Need to have good leadership skills and interpersonal skills.
● Good behaviour and willing to take responsibilities.
● Good in problem solving skills because it has many different problems in different
construction sites
● Able to perform multiple tasks in the same time to increase productivity
● Required languages: Bahasa Melayu, English and Chinese
Selection criteria of finance department trainee
● Prefer female because female is more considerate
● Certification of Accountant
● One or more years of experiences in accounting firm will be an added advantage
● Able to analyse and present data
● Fast learning and self development
● Good behaviour and willing to take responsibilities
Selection criteria of information technology department trainee
● Preferable expertise in IT and software
● Master in Microsoft such as Microsoft Office, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Powerpoint

● One or more years of experiences in computer related field will be an added advantage
● More creative than others
● Good behaviour and willing to take responsibilities
● Ability to configure, repair computer and install computer hardware and software
Job description of the employees
Project management trainee
● Able to assist project manager and others senior staff
● To communicate and deal with clients and contractors
● To perform site supervision and coordination
● Estimating a budget, time and cost
● To monitor the work done by the subcontractors
● To plan, organize and control every projects assigned by manager
Finance department trainee
● Able to assist financial manager and others senior staff
● Ensure that revenue is collected on time
● To monitor the amount of credit of the company
● Help oversee and manage individual accounts
● Review and audit financial statements and reports, ensure all calculations and data entries are
correct
● Suggest changes or improvements to increase accuracy, efficiency, and cost reductions.
Information technology department trainee
● Able to assist IT manager and others senior staff
● To install new hardware and software
● To design interesting plan and advertisement
● To provide technical support to a business or an organization's employees
● Ensure security and privacy of networks and computer systems
● Organize and schedule upgrades and maintenance without deterring others from completing
their work

Interview Activities
All the candidates need to bring along their certification and resume when going to this interview.
Candidates require to wear in formal, be punctual and study about the company background before
attempt the interview. Candidates will be disqualified if breach one of the requirements. There are 3
tests that candidates need to attempt, the first test is oral test, second is paper test and third test is
problem solving test.
Location :
Date : 8 August 2017
Time : 8am-5pm
PRESENTATION TEST
First activity will be presentation test. It will be held in a room with 2 directors or more. Oral exams
may be formal or informal. Candidates need to present a topic randomly given by director and only
have 15 minutes to prepare for the presentation.A remind, directors will also focus on your body
language while you presenting. After that, candidates need to talk about himself/herself and why you
are interested in joining our company? And last, it will be a Question and Ask section for directors and
candidates to knowing each and other as well. Here is some tips to make your presentation better:
● Pay attention to your body language.
● Don't fold your arms across your chest or slouch. This disconnects you from your audience.
● Don't clasp your arms behind your back. This makes you come off as aloof.
● Don't rest your hands on your hips. This makes you appear matronly.
● Don't forget to listen.
Objectives
● To ensure the candidates brave to talk in front of people
● To test the creative thinking skills and critical thinking skills of candidates
● To test either a candidates can speak fluently or not.
● To test the level of speaking and interpersonal communication skills of candidates.
● To test candidates of listening skills

EXAMINATION
Second activity will be a small paper test. Each department has different paper test. For instance,
there is a paper test particularly created for contract department, particularly for created financial
department and so on. If you attempting position for manager in contract department, you will have
to answer the contract paper test which all about contract and law. Candidates will be given 1 hour
time to finish the paper test. No stationeries provide by company, candidates need to bring
stationeries by himself. Bear in mind, cheating will be disqualified by examiner. 10% of marks will be
deducted if the handwriting is too messy.
Objectives
● To test the performance, skills and knowledge of the candidates of each department.
● To test the problem solving skills of a candidate.
● To choose the best of the best among the candidates.
● To determine either a candidate suitable in the particular position.
Third activity will be a problem solving test. In this section, directors will give out some problems
might occur to the company and candidates need to think a solution to solve it out. For instance,
directors will give a problem that could happen in a company in future such as over budget, conflict
between employees and so on. Candidates need to answer the question immediately after the
problem is given.
Objectives
● To test the candidates of problem solving skills.
● Ensure that the candidates can help to solve the conflict between employees in future.
● To test the candidates of critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills.

Personality Test
MBTI test
In our company, we will be using one of the popular personality test which is Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator(MBTI). It includes our different scales of results which are Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I),
Sensing (S), or Intuition (N), Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) and Judging (J) or Perceiving (P).
In this test,the candidates will ask to select either one of the options. Then, a detailed explanation
regarding their personalities will be produced.
Objectives
● To understand the candidates prefered style of working and job position.
● To determine either a candidate suitable in that particular position.
● To understand the candidate’s strength and weakness
MBTI results
There are 16 different types of personality. Each is different from each other which helps to identify
their preferred way of doing things.
16 distinct personality types are as follow:
INTJ – Imaginative and strategic thinkers, with a plan for everything.
INTP – Innovative inventors with an unquenchable thirst of knowledge.
ENTJ – Bold, imaginative and strong-willed leaders, always finding a way or making one.
ENTP – Smart and curious thinkers who cannot resist an intellectual challenge.

INFJ – Quiet and mystical, yet very inspiring and tireless idealists.
INFP – Poetic, kind and altruistic people, always eager to help a good cause.
ENFJ – Charismatic and inspiring leaders, able to mesmerize their listeners.
ENFP – Enthusiastic, creative and sociable free spirits, who can always find a reason to smile.
ISTJ – Practical and fact-minded individuals, whose reliability cannot be doubted.
ISFJ – Very dedicated and warm protectors, always ready to defend their loved ones.
ESTJ – Excellent administrators, unsurpassed at managing things or people.
EFSJ – Extraordinary caring, social and popular people, always eager to help.
ISTP – Bold and practical experimenters, masters of all kind of tools.
ISFP – Flexible and charming artists, always ready to explore and experience something new.
ESTP – Smart, energetic and very perceptive people, who truly enjoy living on the edge.
ESFP – Spontaneous, energetic and enthusiastic people, life is never boring around them.
DISC test
A+ Builders Construction Sdn Bhd are using DISC Personality Tests. In this test will display your
personality such as Dominance, Influence,Steadiness and Conscientiousness.
This assessment is easy for everyone. The aim of the test is show your working attitude, management
skill, leadership style and your maturity.Besides that, DISC can increase the working relationship to
form a better teamwork.
Objectives
-Prevent team conflict
-way to getting to know yourself
-to form a better teamwork
-understand the manner and needs between colleague and employees.

DISC test result
People with the D style place an emphasis on shaping the environment by overcoming opposition to
accomplish results.
A person with a D style
● is motivated by winning, competition and success.
● prioritizes accepting challenge, taking action and achieving immediate results.
● is described as direct, demanding, forceful, strong willed, driven, and determined, fast-paced,
and self-confident.
● may be limited by lack of concern for others, impatience and open skepticism.
● may fear being seen as vulnerable or being taken advantage of.
● values competency, action, concrete results, personal freedom, challenges.

People with the i style place an emphasis on shaping the environment by influencing or persuading
others.
A person with an i style
● may be limited by being impulsive and disorganized and having lack of follow-through
● is described as convincing, magnetic, enthusiastic, warm, trusting and optimistic
● prioritizes taking action, collaboration, and expressing enthusiasm
● is motivated by social recognition, group activities, and relationships
● may fear loss of influence, disapproval and being ignored
● values coaching and counseling, freedom of expression and democratic relationships
People with the S style place an emphasis on cooperating with others within existing circumstances to
carry out the task..
A person with an S style
● is motivated by cooperation, opportunities to help and sincere appreciation
● prioritizes giving support, collaboration and maintaining stability
● is described as calm, patient, predictable, deliberate, stable and consistent.
● may be limited by being indecisive, overly accommodating and tendency to avoid change
● may fear change, loss of stability and offending others.
● values loyalty, helping others and security
People with the C style place an emphasis on working conscientiously within existing circumstances to
ensure quality and accuracy.
A person with a C style
● is motivated by opportunities to gain knowledge, showing their expertise, and quality work.
● prioritizes ensuring accuracy, maintaining stability, and challenging assumptions.
● is described as careful, cautious, systematic, diplomatic, accurate and tactful.
● may be limited by being overcritical, overanalyzing and isolating themselves.
● may fear criticism and being wrong.
● values quality and accuracy

Training and Development Plan
Our company emphasize on high quality or A+. Besides that, the job might be quite new to the
trainees. So, training is required and provided. Training is a planned effort to assist employees in
learning job-related behaviors that will improve their performance. An organization’s training needs
can be identified through three types of needs assessment: organizational, task and individual.
Organizational assessment determines where in the organization the training is needed.
(department). Task assessment covers what is to be trained. (system / software). Individual
assessment determines who needs to be trained based on actual versus desired skills. In this case, our
company had developed a one year training programme to develop the trainees’ skills.
Training Programme
Date Activities
Week 1 Orientation Orientation is the formal process of
familiarizing new employees with the
organization and their jobs. All the trainees
will meet their training advisor.
Week 2 to Week 8 Learning Course This activity enable the trainees to gain an
area of expertise from the senior staff. The
senior staff will guide the trainees to
complete the task and can benefit the
trainees to master the knowledge or skills the
senior staff expertise.
Week 9 Meeting the
Management Director
In this week, the trainees will meet the
management director. The management
director will explain to them about the
organization system to let the trainees more
understand what the organization going on.

Week 10 to Week 23 Structure Training
Programme
In this activity, all the management trainee
will be trained at their respective department
in the company. They are going to in charge
estimating, surveying, site management,
human resources department and IT
department. Throughout this programme, all
the management trainee’s strength will be
observed and determined, they will be
improved to ensure a high quality of the
department.
Week 24 to Week 50 Skill Development Advanced training will be provided to the
trainees individually. All the trainee will be
trained to the skills they required for their
job.
Week 51 Motivation Camp Motivation is one of the most important
components to increase employees’
productivity. This camp will train and develop
motivation of the employees so that they will
complete their works effectively and
efficiency.
Week 52 Graduation Award
Night
Trainees will be qualified as a professional
beginner. Top management will awards the
trainees that should be awarded.

Task 3
Information Technology
Information Technology is known as IT. It refers to anything related to computing technology, storage,
networking networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these
technologies. Nowadays, IT becomes the comprehensive subject which helps in all aspects of
processing and managing information within an organization or firm. Many companies have IT
departments to manage the computers, networks and other technical areas of their businesses.
Information technology provides the only opportunity to analyse specific data as well as plan business
journey accordingly. It also provides a number of tools that can solve complex problems and plan
business scalability. In this era of globalization, it proves that digital marketing is a good tool which
allow us to promote our products or services to the global market while we are in office or in a
comfortable home.

Advantages of Information Technology in Business
❏ Increases production and saves time
Business use technology to automate tasks. Just an example, a bakery uses automated
temperature sensors to detect any drop or increase in room temperature in a bakery. The
information will be sent by these sensors directly to the operator and report any temperature
change. This can save bakery time and can also be product quality into high-quality products.
❏ Improves communication through communication technology
Employees can easily move information across departments without having any interruptions
with the help of communication technology tools such as phones, email and so on. The
movement of information among employees , customers and business partners or suppliers
can be enhanced through tools like email, mobile phone, text messaging.
❏ Improves data storage and file management
Businesses use cloud hosting services to store and backup business data. It also saves
paperwork and makes transfer and access of data remote. Business owners can access
their data anytime anywhere through the services like “Dropbox.com”.
❏ Improves financial management
Various accounting tasks in a business can be performed by accounting software such as
Quick Books, Bookkeeper, Sage 50 and so on. Business owners can easily balance their
books with less experience in accounting because these software’s are well equipped with
every tool needed in accounting.
❏ Improves business to consumer relationship
Businesses have to interact with their consumers and fans by social technology. This creates a
strong business relationship with consumers and leads to business growth and expansion.
Customer service can be improved by information technology.For example, businesses can use
internet to inform their customers about great deals and discounts which makes them feel
special and can drive their desire to buy. A good customer service can be used as a great tool
by any small business to gain competitive advantage.

Information Management
In this era of globalization, information includes not just electronic but also physical information. The
organizational structure must be able to manage this information throughout the information
lifecycle, regardless of the format of delivery through multiple channels which may include mobile and
web interfaces.
Organization collects and manages information from different kinds of sources and distributes the
information to the audiences, which is considered as information management. Basically, it involves
those who have a stake or right to that information. Organization usually manages the information by
controlling over the structure, process, and delivery.
Information management is a corporate responsibility and needs to be handled and followed from top
management to frontline staff.The organization must be held and must hold accountable to its
employees to capture, manage, store, share, preserve and transmit information appropriately and
responsibly. Part of that responsibility lies in training the organization to become familiar with the
policies, processes, technologies and best practices in IM.

Advantages of Information Management in Business
❏ Improved quantity and quality of information
Information is an important component of business today. In order to have the ability of
generating reports complication of data, exist of good information system with
comprehensive and qualified database is required. Therefore, the reporting process can be
done automatically by the computer efficiently.
❏ Improved quality and quantity management decisions
It is unavoidable that organization will make decision according to the information. With the
information system that can offer information that is applicable, correct, and can be retrieved
anytime, the decision-making depends heavily on information can only be achieved.
❏ Improved operational efficiency and flexibility
More efficient and flexible operation which shows the low cost of running it. This can be
achieved by cutting the company's bureaucratic style after implementing a good information
system.
❏ Improved quality of planning
Planning is an essential process for businesses. However, the support of correct information is
needed for planning and decision making. If not then the plan cannot reach its goal and would
be spoiled due to the mistake information.
❏ Improved quality of internal and external communications
A good information system must be supported by electronic data communication network
systems that are reliable as well. Companies and outside parties can exchange information
more efficiently through good information system applications

Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is through the Internet (“the cloud”) to provide computing services such as servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and so on. Companies that provide these
computing services are called cloud providers, typically charging cloud computing services based on
usage.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
❏ Cost
Cloud computing eliminates the cost of purchasing hardware and software and setting up and
running on-site data centers such as the IT experts for managing the infrastructure.
❏ Speed
Most cloud computing services are self service and on demand, soa lot of computing resources
can also be provided in a few minutes, typically with just a few mouse clicks, providing
business a great deal of flexibility and taking the pressure off capacity planning.
❏ Reliability
Cloud computing is able to make disaster recovery, data backup and business continuity in a
more efficient way. It is due to the reason that the data can be copied at different sites on the
cloud provider’s network.
❏ Productivity
A lot of “racking and staking” including software patching, hardware set up and other IT
management chores which is time consuming are required by the on-site data centers. Cloud
computing eliminates the need for these tasks, so IT teams can take more time to achieve
more important business goals.
❏ Performance
Cloud computing offers several benefits over a single corporate datacenter, including reduced
network latency for applications and greater economies of scale because the biggest cloud
computing services are regularly upgraded to the latest generation of fast and efficient
computing hardware.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Building Information Modelling(BIM) is a way of creating and managing information on a construction
project across the project lifecycle. It basically draws on information as well as details assembled
collaboratively and always kept up to date at major stages of a project. Creating a digital Building
Information Model will help those who interact and communicates with the building to optimize their
actions, which would result in a greater whole life value for the asset.
With the help of Building Information Modelling, it is helping the construction industry to go through
its own digital revolution, keeping everything modern. Building Information Modelling is also a way of
working. Building Information Modelling is information modelling and information management in
the same environment via teamwork, all team members should be working to equal standards as one
another. That way, Building Information Modelling can create values from the combined efforts of
people, process and technology.

Project Management Software
Project management software is used to help with project planning, organizing, and managing
resource tools, scheduling and change management. Depending on how sophisticated the software
may be, it can manage estimation and planning, scheduling, cost control and budget management,
resource allocation, collaboration software, communication, decision-making, quality management
and documentation or administration systems. This would actually help project managers,
stakeholders and users to control their costs and manage their budgeting, quality management as well
as documentation. Project management software are also sometimes used for collaboration and
communication between project stakeholders.
Project management software’s few primary functions:
1. Project planning: To define a project schedule, a project manager may use the software to
map project tasks and visually describe task interactions.
2. Task management: Allows for the creation and assignment of tasks, deadlines and status
reports.
3. Document sharing and collaboration: Productivity is increased via a central document
repository accessed by project stakeholders.
4. Calendar and contact sharing: Project timelines include scheduled meetings, activity dates and
contacts that should automatically update across all PM and stakeholder calendars.
5. Bug and error management: Project management software facilitates bug and error reporting,
viewing, notifying and updating for stakeholders.
6. Time tracking: Software must have the ability to track time for all tasks maintain records for
third-party consultants.
Types of project management softwares:
1. Desktop - typically single-user applications used by the project manager or another subject
matter expert, such as a scheduler or risk manager.
2. Web-based - web application to be accessed using a web browser. This may also include the
ability to use a smartphone or tablet to gain access to the application.
3. Personal - used at home, typically to manage lifestyle or home projects.
4. Single user - programmed with the assumption that only one person will ever need to edit the
project plan at once. This may be used in small companies, or ones where only a few people
are involved in top-down project planning.
5. Collaborative - designed to support multiple users modifying different sections of the plan at
once.
6. Visual - utilize information visualization, so that users can more easily find, analyze and make
changes to their data if they have with both viewing and understanding large amounts of
fluctuating project data.

Computer Aided Design & Visualisation
Computer-aided design (CAD) is a computer technology that designs a product and documents the
design process. Computer Aided Design may smooth the way for the manufacturing process by
transferring detailed diagrams of a product’s materials, processes, tolerances and dimensions with
specific conventions for the product at-hand. It can be used to produce either 2-D or 3-D diagrams,
which can then be viewed from any angle if rotated, even when looking out from the inside. Usually, a
special printer or also known as plotter is needed and required for printing professional design
renderings. CAD is also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD).
CAD is used as follows:
1. To create detailed engineering designs through 3-D and 2-D drawings of the physical
components of manufactured products.
2. To create conceptual design, product layout, strength and dynamic analysis of assembly and
the manufacturing processes themselves.
3. To produce environmental impact reports, in which computer-aided designs are used in
photographs to produce a rendering of the looks when the new structures are built.
Due to the fact that hardware and software costs are decreasing, universities and manufacturers now
train students how to use these high-level tools. These tools have also modified design workflows to
make them more efficient, lowering these training costs even further.

Computer Aided Estimating Software
CAE stand for computer aided estimating. Costing is one of the most important factors in a
construction projects. This is to establish their tender price. There are currently many computer aided
cost estimation software systems on the market. In particular, cost estimates may be prepared with
greater accuracy, more rapidly and with less effort.
Some of the common features of computer aided estimating software:
● Databases for unit cost items such as worker wage rates, equipment rental or material
prices. These databases can be used for any cost estimate required. If these rates change,
cost estimates can be rapidly re-computed after the databases are updated.
● Databases of expected productivity for different components types, equipment and
construction processes.
● Import utilities from computer aided design software for automatic quantity-take-off of
components. Alternatively, special user interfaces may exist to enter geometric
descriptions of components to allow automatic quantity-take-off.
● Export utilities to send estimates to cost control and scheduling software. This is very
helpful to begin the management of costs during construction.
● Version control to allow simulation of different construction processes or design changes
for the purpose of tracking changes in expected costs.
● Provisions for manual review, over-ride and editing of any cost element resulting from
the cost estimation system
● Flexible reporting formats, including provisions for electronic reporting rather than simply
printing cost estimates on paper.
● Archives of past projects to allow rapid cost-estimate updating or modification for similar
designs.
Process of developing computer aided estimating software:
1. If a similar design has already been estimated or exists in the company archive, the old
project information is retrieved.
2. A cost engineer modifies, add or deletes components in the project information set. If a
similar project exists, many of the components may have few or no updates, thereby
saving time.
3. A cost estimate is calculated using the unit cost method of estimation. Productivities and
unit prices are retrieved from the system databases. Thus, the latest price information is
used for the cost estimate.
4. The cost estimation is summarized and reviewed for any errors.

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