1. Unit 2 Mesopotamia Egypt IPAD
 Home work
 Read pages 40-43
 Definitions page 43 #1

2. Unit 2 Mesopotamia Egypt IPAD
 Home work
 Read pages 45-46
 Paragraph due Friday
 Explain how flooding patterns of rivers in Egypt and
Mesopotamia caused the two civilizations to develop
differently.

3. “The Gift of the Nile”
Herodotus

4. The Fertile
Crescent, in the
Middle East.
ChinaThailand

7. Ancient Egypt is the first country
(nation state) in history..
 It was the first country to be united by a single
government.
 It was the first country with a national culture.
 a nation-state—a political territory whose population
shares a common identity—was the invention of the
ancient Egyptians.

8. Ancient Egypt is the first country
(nation state) in history..
 3 Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures laid the
foundation of Egyptian National culture; the
Bardarian, Nabta Playa and Eastern desert
tribes .

9. Geography and climate play a
major role in making a
unified Egypt culture.

10. It has deserts on both sides.

11.  Desert -dry, barren region usually sandy and
without trees, little rainfall or practical use of
land unless irrigated

12. Deserts protect Egypt from
invaders.

13. Individuals who do not get along with the
group, can be sent to the desert….a death
sentence.

14. Its southern boarder has
waterfalls.

15.  Waterfall- place where running water makes a
sheer drop, usually over a cliff

16. called cataracts.

17. The only easy way to go to
Egypt is along the
Mediterranean Sea coast in
the North.

18.  Coast- land along the sea or ocean

19. The Eastern Desert has gold and copper mines.

20. Most importantly, Egypt has lots of food.
 The Nile river’s annual flood allowed Egyptian farmers to
produce a large surplus of food.

21. Most importantly, Egypt has lots of food.
 Farmers could grow crops three times a year, if they
cooperatively built irrigation ditches.

22. The Greek Historian Herodotus

23. The Nile River flows for
6,650 KM.
It is the longest river in
the world.

24.  The Nile River begins in Lake Victoria.

25.  Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile.

26. Until the 20th Century,
the Nile river gently
floods every year.

27. The Nile has two major
branches the Blue Nile
and the White Nile.

28. Heavy summer rain in
Nubia (Ethiopia) swells
the Blue Nile.

29. By August, water arrives in Egypt.

30. The water spreads over the floodplain and stays for
several weeks.

31.  Plain-a broad, flat or gently rolling area; usually
low in elevation

32. As the water slowly drains, it leaves behind a layer of
new fertile soil.

33.  This allowed Neolithic Egyptian valley farmers to
produce lots of food on the same land year after year.

34. .
Neolithic towns’
populations grew with
the regular surpluses of
food.
.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures

35. .
The most important
orientation was south,
where the flood waters
came from, and many
important trade routes
went.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures

36. .
So, upper Egypt was south
of northern lower Egypt.
.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt

37. .
They built cities on the east
side of the Nile, and
cemeteries and burial
monuments on the western
desert side of the Nile.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt

38. .
By 6000 BC, wood boats
allowed Neolithic towns
to interact with trade.
.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures

39. .
The Nile river was the super highway of Ancient Egypt, the
source of movement.
.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures

40. A few trade routes went through the desert to the copper
and gold mines of the Eastern desert, along a series of
oasis.

41. A few trade routes went through the desert to the copper
and gold mines of the Eastern desert, along a series of
oasis.

42. Oasis-a fertile place in the desert where there is
water and some vegetation

43. .
By 5000 BC, people
specialized in many jobs.
1. Nile Valley
Cultures

44. .
By 5000 BC, Badarians live in stone houses in walled towns and
villages.
1. Nile Valley Cultures “Badarians”

45. .
They had a diverse economy, which made furniture, pots, dishes,
cups, bowls, vases, figurines, combs, etc.
1. Nile Valley Cultures “Badarians”

46. .
They made and wore jewelry.
1. Nile Valley Culture “Badarians”

47. .
By 3500 BC, they invented and wore
cosmetics.
1. Bardrian

48. .
By 3500 BC, they invented and wore
cosmetics. Wigs soon followed.
.
1. Bardrian

49. .1. Bardrian Nile Valley Cultures
By 3500 BC, they played board games.
(Senet the world's oldest game!)

50. .
They buried their dead in underground tombs
on the West side of the Nile. They put supplies
of food, jewelry, and other artifacts in the tombs
1. Bardrian Nile Valley
Cultures

51. Around 5000 BC, tribes from the
Eastern and Western Sahara
moved into the Nile Valley .

52. The Eastern and Western Sahara
had been Savanna.

53.  A savanna or savannah is a grassland ecosystem
characterized by the trees being widely spaced from
each other.

54. But the climate changed (cause)!
Summer rains that used to water the
savanna moved south eastward.

55. The summer rains now fell in
Nubia, and the savannas dried out.

56. By 5000 BC, the savannas had
become mostly desert.

57. .
Located to the West of the
Nile.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

58. Plateau-flat highland area with one
steep face; elevated plain

60. .
Tribes domesticated cattle
and lived as semi nomadic
shepherds.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

61. .
They built
Megaliths.
.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

62. .
By 5000 BC, these
evolved into
megalith circles
used as calendars.
.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

63. .
The sun would rise
between different
stones, as the
seasons changed.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

64. .
They knew that the
rains would come
after the summer
solicits.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

65. .
So the tribes would know
when to move to the
herds.
.
2. Nabta Plateau Culture

66. .
Like the Nabta, they
domesticated cattle and
lived as semi nomads.
3. Eastern
Desert
Cultures

67. .
Like the Nabta , they
had domesticated cattle
and lived as semi
nomads.
3. Eastern
Desert
Cultures

68. .
They enjoyed painting
thousands of pictures.
.
3. Eastern
Desert
Cultures

69. .
The most famous are at at
Wadi Umm Salam.
.
3. Eastern
Desert
Cultures

70. .
The most famous are at Wadi Umm Salam.3. Eastern
Desert
Cultures

71. .
As the savannas of the Western and
Eastern deserts dried up the tribes
moved into the Nile Valley.

72. .
Hathor, one of their first goddesses,
took the form of a cow, which could
carry the Sun on her horns.

73. Hathor mother earth goddess and protector in human form.

74. .
Together the Bardarian, Nabta
Plateau Culture and Eastern desert
tribes layed the foundations of
Egyptian culture.

75. They cooperated and created the foundations of an
Ancient Egyptian national culture.
 1. Building monuments.
 2. Hieroglyphics and decorative painting.
 3. Food production.
 4. Personal fashion (Jewelry, makeup, wigs, fashion).
 5. Belief in an afterlife and burial of dead underground
on the west bank of the Nile.

76. Before Egypt unified politically, the Akkadian and
Babylonian Empires took over Mesopotamia.
 NEXT TIME. . . . Babylonia

77. NEXT STOP: EGYPT