1. BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Presented To:Dr.Ayman Taha
Presented By:Noha Hesham & Moataz Mahmoud

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OUTLINE
 Introduction
 User Authentication Approaches
 What is Biometrics
 Biometrics techniques
 Requirements for an ideal biometric
 Different Types of biometrics techniques
 Different biometrics techniques concept
 Biometric techniques factors of evaluation
 Comparison of biometric techniques
 Biometrics Identification & Verification
 Biometrics System Stages
 Fingerprint Technology
 Fingerprint Threats

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INTRODUCTION
User Authentication Approaches
Use Something that you have
Use Something that you Know
Automated measurement of Physiological
Ex. Credit Card, Keys
Ex. Password, PIN
Can be Forgotten
and/or behavioral characteristics to
Determine or authenticate identity
Can Be lost

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INTRODUCTION “WHAT IS BIOMETRICS”
Automated measurement of Physiological and/or
behavioral characteristics to Determine or authenticate
identity
 Automated measurement
 No human involvement.
 Comparison takes place in Real-Time
 Physiological and/or behavioral characteristics
 Behavioral as User speaks, typing on keyboard, name signature.
 Physiological as Fingerprint, Hand, Eyes, Face
 Determine or authenticate identity
Identification Systems Verification Systems
1. Who am I?
2. Determine Identity
1. Am I who I claim to be?
2. Authenticate Identity

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Requirements for an ideal biometric
 Universality
Each person should have the characteristic
 Uniqueness
No two persons should have same characteristic
 Permanence
 The characteristic should not change
 Performance
Accuracy, speed, robustness, resource requirements
 Acceptability
Extend to people willing to accept a characteristic
 Faked protection
 How easy is to fool the system by fraudulent methods

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different Type of biometrics techniques
 Identification and verification:
 Fingerprint scan
 Face recognition ( Facial scan )
 Retina scan
 Iris scan
 Verification only:
 Hand Geometry
 Keystroke Dynamics
 Mouse Dynamics
 Gait Dynamics ( how people walk )
 Voice Print
 Signature

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
1. Fingerprint scan:
Measures unique characteristics in a fingerprint (minutiae)
 Crossover
 Core
 Bifurcations
 Ridge ending
 Island
 Delta
 Pore

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
2. Facial scan:
Uses off-the-shelf camera to measure the following facial
features:
 Distance between the eyes.
 Distance between the eyes and nose ridge.
 Angle of a cheek.
 Slope of the nose.
 Facial Temperatures.

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
3. Retina scan:
Measures unique characteristics of the retina :
 Blood vessel patterns
 Vein patterns

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
4. Iris scan:
Measures unique characteristics of the iris :
 Ridges (rings)
 Furrows
 Striations (freckles)

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
5. Hand Geometry scan:
Measures the top and side of the hand, not the Palm
 Hand Geometry.
 Most widely used technique for physical access.
 INSPASS System

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
6. Keystroke Dynamics:
Measures the time between strokes and duration of key
pressed.
 Used in systems with keyboards.

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
7. Mouse Dynamics:
Researched and identified mouse movement categories and
features.
• Mouse Movement Categories
• Mouse Trajectory ( Path )
 System wake up
 Move and click
 Highlight
 Drag and drop
• Mouse Click
• Mouse wheel spin or scroll
• Mouse activity time

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
8. Gait Dynamics:
Recognize persons with the use of a standard cameras in any
conditions.
 Particularly studied it may enable identification at distance

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
9. Voice Print:
Measures the sound waves of human speech.
 user talks to a microphone a passphrase.
 Voice print is compared to a previous one

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
10. Signature verification:
Measures speed, pressure, stroke order an image of signature.
 Non-repudiation.
 The movement of the pen during the signing process rather
than the static image of the signature.
 Detect pen pressure, the sound the pen makes, Speed …etc

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Different biometrics techniques concept
11. Palm vain recognition:
Measures the structure of the blood veins in a palm hand.
 Near-infrared light detect an iron-containing pigment in
hemoglobin.
 Pigments absorb the near-infrared light and reduce the
reflection rate causing the veins to appear as a black pattern

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Biometric techniques factors of evaluation
 False Acceptance Rate (FAR)
 The system incorrectly declares Acceptance
 False Rejection Rate (FRR)
 The system incorrectly declares failure
 Failure To Enroll Rate (FTE)
 The percentage of data input that fails to input to the system
 Ability To Verify (AVT)
 AVT = (1 - FTE)(1 - FRR)

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Relation Between FAR & FRR

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Comparison of biometric techniques
Market Share

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Comparison of biometric techniques
Characteristics

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Comparison of biometric techniques
Requirements

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Comparison of biometric techniques

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Comparison of biometric techniques
Technique Strengths Weaknesses
Fingerprint Mature technology
Highly accurate
Low cost, Small size, becoming widely
Users can create high FRR
Some persons dislike contact with
device
Face Widely acceptable to users, low cost No
direct contact
Passive monitoring possible
Less accurate than other methods
Retina Highly accurate Inconvenient for persons with glasses
Dislike contact with device and light
beam
Iris Highly accurate
Works with glasses
Acceptable to users than retina
New technology
Cost, although but is changing
Hand Accurate and flexible
Widely acceptable to users
User interface is bulky
Dislike contact with device
Voice Usable over telephone system
Good for remote access
Less accuracy
Subject to background noise
Signature Widely acceptable to users Less accuracy
Not widely used yet
but has potential with PDAs

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Biometrics Identification & Verification

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Biometrics Identification & Verification
Verification, or 1-to-1:
 Matches a person's claimed identity to his/her biometric and
one or more other security technologies (password, PIN,
Token).
 Identification, or 1-to-Many:
 Identifies a person from the entire enrolled population.

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Biometrics System Stages

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Fingerprint Technology
Light reflects from the surface of the prism where the
finger is not in contact with it, while it penetrates the
surface of the prism where the finger touches the
surface of the prism. The resulting image goes through
a lens into a video camera or sensor.
Light
source
Finger
Prism Lens
Video Camera (CCD)

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Fingerprint Technology
Arches Loops Whorl
Minutia types
Bridge Dot Ridge Ending Bifurcation Enclosure

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Fingerprint Information

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Fingerprint Threats
 Matsumoto’s Technique

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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES
Fingerprint Threats
 Matsumoto’s Technique
 You can place the “gummy finger” over your real
finger. Observers aren’t likely to detect it when
you use it on a fingerprint reader.