Humanities: Literature Latin littera; letter  the art of written works Literary translated: “acquaintance with letters” [“as in the “arts and letters”] Literature in its widest sense: Embraces all compositions in writing or print which preserve the *results of observation, *thought, or *fancy; but those upon the positive sciences are usually excluded. II.LITERARY GENRE: literary technique Tone Content Length ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hi! Good day to you! Thank you for finding this useful. If you would like to have a copy of this, just message me via Facebook: sade7877@gmail.com :)

2. I. DEFINITION:
Literature
Latin littera; letter  the art of
written works
Literary translated:
“acquaintance with letters”
[“as in the “arts and letters”]

3. Literature in its widest sense:
Embraces all compositions in writing or
print which preserve the
*results of observation,
*thought, or
*fancy;
but those upon the positive sciences are
usually excluded.

4. EVERY RACE HAS ITS OWN LITERATURE
For example

5. II.LITERARY GENRE:
a genre is a type; it is a category of literary
composition
 may be determined by:
 literary technique
Tone
Content
Length

6. • novel •short story •novella
•novelette
Fiction
• essay •editorial
• news story •feature story
Non Fiction
• verse •narrative poetry
• epic poetry •free verse
Poetry
• classical tragedy •comedyDrama

7. Short Story
• -usually written in
prose, often in
narrative format
• Common length:
3,500-7,500 words
• -usually focuses
on one incident,
has a single plot, a
single setting, a
small number and
covers a short
period of time
• one should be
able to read it in
one sitting
• EDGAR ALLAN
POE-considered
the father of the
short story
Novelette
• -a narrative
fictional prose
• Common
length: 7,500-
17,500 words
• EXAMPLE:
•  “Moon Six”
by Stephen
Baxter
Novella
• Is a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a
short story but shorter than a novel.
• Common length: 50-100 pages/ 17,000-40,000 words
• A short form novel
• EXAMPLE:
•  “Finding Cinderella”
Novel
• A fictitious prose
narrative of
considerable length
and complexity,
portraying
characters and
usually presenting a
sequential
organization of
action and scenes
• Common length:
40,000+ Words
• Involves multiple
major characters,
sub-plots, conflicts
and twists
• EXAMPLES:
•  “The Lord of the
Rings”
•  “Harry Potter”
•  “The Notebook”
Created from the imagination, not presented
as fact, though it may be based on true story
or situation
Latin: ficti o “the act of making, fashioning,
molding”
FORMS OF SHORT
STORY
-Functioned as
a sort of
parable, a brief
realistic
narrative that
embodies a
point
- Short story
about an
interesting or
funny event or
occurence
Anecdote
- A succinct
story, with
deeper
meaning used
to illustrate a
moral or
spiritual lesson
AESOP
earliest
known writer
(Aesop’s
Fables)
Parable
-a succinct
story, in prose
or verse, that
features
animals,
mythical
creatures,
plants,
inanimate
objects, or
forces of nature
are
anthromorphize
d and illustrates
a moral lesson
Fable

8.  this presentation may be accurate or not; that
is it can give either true or a false account of the
subject in question
 Is an account, narrative, or representation of
a subject which an author presents as fact
Travel
books
User
manual
s
textbooks
photograph
s
essays
Scientific
papers
Biographie
s
blueprint
s
docume
n-taries
histories
journals
Technical
document
a-tion
diagram
s
Some
journalis
m
historie
s

9. The term “essays” first applied to the self-
reflective musings of
Has the reputation to be the
“Father” of this literary form

10. The MEMOIR
  telling the story of an author’s life from the
author’s personal point of view
The EPISTLE
Usually a formal, didactic, or elegant letter
Genres related to essay may include:

11. Rely heavily on imagery, precise word
choice, and metaphor
Is composition written in verse
May take the form of measures
consisting of patterns of stresses
(metric feet) or of patterns of
different-length syllables
 means “a little sound
or song”
14-line poem with a
variable rhyme scheme
originating in Italy
Sonnet
has five lines
with a rhyme scheme
of AABBA
line lengths of
3,3,2,2,3 stressed
syllables.
less relevant towards
nature
Limerick
-traditional Haiku
written
in Japanese:
 relate to nature
contain onji
(syllables)
distributed over
three lines in groups
of five, seven, and five
should also have
kigo- indicating a
season
Haiku
Specific Forms:

12. Masterpieces
-comes from the Greek word meaning “action”
(Classical Greek: drama ) which is derived from
“to do” (Classical Greek: drao)
-the specific mode of fiction represented in
performance
Early modern
Tragedy
Classical
Athenian
tragedy

13. -Greek:
k o m o id i a
-Any humorous
discourse generally
intended to amuse,
esp. in television,
film, and stand up
comedy
Comedy
--Ancient Greek:
trag o idia,
“he-goat-song
-based on human
suffering
Tragedy
FORMS OF DRAMA
 Contains variations on
the elements of :
 Surprise
 Incongruity
 Conflict
 Repetitiveness
 Effect of opposite
expectations

14. III.ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE:
ELEMENT
S
Character
Setting
Conflict
Theme
StructureForeshadowing
Diction
Point of View
Plot

15. 1. Plot
 Serial arrangement of incidents,
ideas or events.
 In LITERATURE, it compasses
all incidents and provides
aesthetic pleasure
 ESSENTIAL PARTS OF DRAMA:
a. Exposition
 - the introductory
material which gives
the setting, creates the
tone, presents the
characters, and
presents other facts
necessary to
understanding the story
b. Foreshadowing
 - the use of hints and
clues to suggest what
will happen later in the
story
c. Inciting Force
 - the event or character
that triggers the conflict

16. d. Conflict
 - the essence of fiction.
It creates plot
Four kinds:
Man versus - - -
Man, Nature, Society, or
Self
e. Rising Action
 -a series of events that
builds from the
conflict.
 Begins from the
inciting force and ends
with the climax
f. Crisis
 -the conflict reaches a
turning point. At this point the
opposing force in the story
meet and conflict becomes
most intense.
 The crisis occurs before or at
the same time as the climax
g. Climax
 -the result of the crisis
 Is the high point of the
story for the reader

17. h. Falling Action
 -the events after the
climax which close the
story
i. Resolution
(Denouement)
 -Rounds out and
concludes the action

18. January 16, 2014
Prepared by: JM Pob
HUM 12:00-1:30 pm [T-Th]