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Basics of Six Sigma JASBIR SINGH ARORA
Contents : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Six Sigma?
What is Sigma ? Sigma  A term used in statistics to represent standard deviation, an indicator of the degree of variation in a set of a process
What is Six Sigma? Six Sigma A statistical concept that measures a process in terms of defects – at the six sigma level, there 3.4 defects per  million opportunities A philosophy and a goal : as perfect as practically possible A methodology and a symbol of quality
Sigma Level Sigma Level  (Process Capability) Defects per Million Opportunities 2 308,537 3 66,807 4 6,210 5 233 6 3.4
Sigma Level Six Sigma =  99,9997%
Sigma Level ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why not Four Sigma or 99.379% ?
Why Six Sigma? Money Customer  Satisfaction Growth Quality Competitive Advantage Employee Pride
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why Six Sigma?
Why Six Sigma? Six Sigma is about practices that help you eliminate defects and always deliver products and services that meet customer specifications
Cost of Poor Quality What is cost of scrap? What is cost of rework? What is cost of excessive cycle times and delays?
Cost of Poor Quality What is cost of business lost because customers are dissatisfied with your products or services? What is cost of opportunities lost because you didn’t have time or the resources to take advantage of them?
Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) Elements of a process that significantly affect the output of that process. Identifying these elements is figuring out how to make improvements that can dramatically reduce costs and enhance quality.
Six Sigma Phases
D efine M easure A nalyze I mprove C ontrol Six Sigma Phases D M A I C
Define Measure Analyze Six Sigma Phases Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables Measure the process to determine current performance Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects
Improve Control Six Sigma Phases Control future process performance Improve the process by eliminating defects
Six Sigma Phases Define ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Six Sigma Phases Measure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Six Sigma Phases Analyze ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Six Sigma Phases Improve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Six Sigma Phases Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tools and Roles for  Six Sigma
[object Object],[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Process Mapping
[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Design of Experiments or DOE
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  XY Matrix
[object Object],[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Measurement System Analysis
[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Process Capability Tool
[object Object],[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Hypothesis Testing
[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Failure Mode Effect Analysis
[object Object],[object Object],Tools for Six Sigma  Control  Plan
Champions Are responsible for the Six Sigma implementation across the organization in an integrated manner. Champions also act as mentor to Black Belts. Includes CEO and other key top management team members. They are responsible for setting up a vision for Six Sigma implementation.  Key Roles for Six Sigma  Executive Leadership
Black Belts Operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific projects. They primarily focus on Six Sigma project execution. Identified by champions, act as in-house expert coach for the organization on Six Sigma. They devote 100% of their time to Six Sigma. Key Roles for Six Sigma  Master Black Belts
Are the employees who take up Six Sigma implementation along with their other job responsibilities. They operate under the guidance of Black Belts and support them in achieving the overall results.  Key Roles for Six Sigma  Green Belts
Six Sigma Do’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Six Sigma Do’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recommended Further Readings: ,[object Object],[object Object]
JASBIR SINGH ARORA

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Six sigma for beginners

  • 1. Basics of Six Sigma JASBIR SINGH ARORA
  • 2.
  • 4. What is Sigma ? Sigma A term used in statistics to represent standard deviation, an indicator of the degree of variation in a set of a process
  • 5. What is Six Sigma? Six Sigma A statistical concept that measures a process in terms of defects – at the six sigma level, there 3.4 defects per million opportunities A philosophy and a goal : as perfect as practically possible A methodology and a symbol of quality
  • 6. Sigma Level Sigma Level (Process Capability) Defects per Million Opportunities 2 308,537 3 66,807 4 6,210 5 233 6 3.4
  • 7. Sigma Level Six Sigma = 99,9997%
  • 8.
  • 9. Why Six Sigma? Money Customer Satisfaction Growth Quality Competitive Advantage Employee Pride
  • 10.
  • 11. Why Six Sigma? Six Sigma is about practices that help you eliminate defects and always deliver products and services that meet customer specifications
  • 12. Cost of Poor Quality What is cost of scrap? What is cost of rework? What is cost of excessive cycle times and delays?
  • 13. Cost of Poor Quality What is cost of business lost because customers are dissatisfied with your products or services? What is cost of opportunities lost because you didn’t have time or the resources to take advantage of them?
  • 14. Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) Elements of a process that significantly affect the output of that process. Identifying these elements is figuring out how to make improvements that can dramatically reduce costs and enhance quality.
  • 16. D efine M easure A nalyze I mprove C ontrol Six Sigma Phases D M A I C
  • 17. Define Measure Analyze Six Sigma Phases Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables Measure the process to determine current performance Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects
  • 18. Improve Control Six Sigma Phases Control future process performance Improve the process by eliminating defects
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
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  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
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  • 37.
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  • 39.
  • 40. Tools and Roles for Six Sigma
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49. Champions Are responsible for the Six Sigma implementation across the organization in an integrated manner. Champions also act as mentor to Black Belts. Includes CEO and other key top management team members. They are responsible for setting up a vision for Six Sigma implementation. Key Roles for Six Sigma Executive Leadership
  • 50. Black Belts Operate under Master Black Belts to apply Six Sigma methodology to specific projects. They primarily focus on Six Sigma project execution. Identified by champions, act as in-house expert coach for the organization on Six Sigma. They devote 100% of their time to Six Sigma. Key Roles for Six Sigma Master Black Belts
  • 51. Are the employees who take up Six Sigma implementation along with their other job responsibilities. They operate under the guidance of Black Belts and support them in achieving the overall results. Key Roles for Six Sigma Green Belts
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.