psycholinguistics

1. The Brain and
The Language

2. It is divided into vertical halves that seem to be
mirror images of one another. It looks much
like a walnut with the two parts joined around
the middle, except that there is little space
between the two halves in the real brain.
eral structure of the brain:

3. 1- A left hemisphere.
.2- A right hemisphere
`Left and right hemispheres control
.opposite sides of the body
Each half of the brain is called
a hemisphere.

4. Where one hemisphere is
the controlling one, is
called dominance.
Most people prefer their
right hand and right foot.
This generally indicates
that the left hemisphere
dominates the right
hemisphere and vice versa .

5. -The area in front of the fissure of
Rolando is mainly involved in
motor functioning
the study of speaking and
writing
-An area in the upper back
part of the temporal lobe
a major part in the
comprehension of speech
. ‘Wernicke’s area

6. -In the upper part of
the temporal lobe is
the main area
involved in auditory
reception,
- The lower back part
of the frontal lobe is
primarily involved in
the encoding of
speech ‘Broca’s area’

7. -area towards the back of
the frontal lobe, ‘Exner’s
centre’, may be involved
in the motor control of
writing.
-The Part of the left
parietal region, close to
Wernicke’s area, is
involved with the control
of manual signing .

8. Lateralization:
Some functions occur in one
hemisphere while other functions
occur in the other hemisphere.
This separation of functions is
called lateralization .

9. Speech sounds are differentiated from other
types of sounds including music, animal
sounds, and noises.
The two hemispheres specialize in processing
these two types of sounds
1- Speech
2- Non-speech.

10. True right-handers,
speech sounds are mainly processed in the
left hemisphere while music, noises, and
animals sounds are mainly processed in the
right hemisphere.
*The opposite will be the case for some left-
handers.

11. Listening behind
the door:

12. _If you are a true or left-hander, you
probably would have imagined turning your
left ear forward.
_listening from left ear will be easier to
understand from right one.
Why?

13. :This is Because of
the right ear hearing has a big bundle of fiberes to carry the sound
impulse to the left hemisphere, the sound passes to the speech-
processing centers in the left hemisphere. On the other hand,
speech sound coming in the left ear has only a small number of
fiberes with which to carry the sound directly to the speech-
processing centers in the left hemisphere for language processing.

14. Right-handed persons with
lateralization for language
in the left hemisphere will
perceive speech sounds
more readily through the
right ear than the left.

15. The Typical Language Functions In The Brain :
While the left hemisphere is involved in most language
tasks recent evidence indicates that the right hemisphere
too is involved in language processing.,
‘both hemispheres receive similar input and both attempt
to process input),.)

16. Understanding Discourse And Other
Minds:
There is increasing evidence from many scientists
that

17. Patients with right-hemisphere damage:
They have impairments concerning narrative script,
interpretation, integration of information or conceptualization of
the unit as a whole, construction of new conceptual models, and
inferences about another person’s beliefs and intentions

18. The main language centers are:
Broca’s area: in the front part of the brain
Wernicke’s area: towards the back of the
brain

19. Broca's area:
It is the motor area, and speech
production area.
a certain area of the cortex that is
involved with the production of
speech; that part of the cortex
bears, its name is according to
Pierre Paul Broca who is a French
pathologist and neurosurgeon
(1824–1880) who discovered ,
Broca’s area.

20. Broca also noted that the speech area that controls the
movement of the muscles of the articulators of speech: the
tongue, lips, jaw, soft palate, vocal cords, etc. He posited
that speech is formulated in Broca’s area and then
articulated via the motor area.
Broca's area:

21. Wernicke area
The auditory area, and speech understanding area an area near Broca's
speech area, ,that erea was involved in the understanding of speech. it
called Wernicke area according to Carl Wernicke who is a German
neurologist (1848–1905) discovered Wernicke hypothesized that this
area, later named Wernicke’s..area

22. According to Wernicke, on
hearing a word, the sound of a
word goes from the ear to the
auditory area and then to
Wernicke’s area. It is from
Broca’s area that the vocalization
of speech would then be
activated

23. Broca's Aphasia: the problem in
this area which makes the patient
faces difficulties of production
speech.
Wernicke's aphasia: the problem
in this area which makes the
patient faces difficulties of
understanding speech.

24. Sarah Scott teenage stroke, Broca's Aphasia

25. Notes ..
The order of speech
The ability of speech
The ability of writing

26. The End