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The Enlightenment,[object Object],Politics & Philosophy,[object Object]
Bell Ringer,[object Object],In your notebooks, answer:,[object Object],What was the Enlightenment?,[object Object],How did the SR impact the Enlightenment?,[object Object]
Political Enlightenment,[object Object]
Three Themes in the Political Realm,[object Object],Property,[object Object],[object Object]
Gives an individual a stake in societyRights,[object Object],[object Object],Law,[object Object],[object Object]
Guarantees property & rights,[object Object]
John Locke1632-1704,[object Object],	Most influential writing was “Two Treatises of Civil Government” written in 1690,[object Object]
Locke’s Philosophy,[object Object],The individual must become a “rational creature”,[object Object],Virtue can be learned & practiced,[object Object],Human beings possess free will,[object Object],[object Object]
Obedience should be out of conviction, not fear,[object Object]
Baron de Montesquieu(1689-1755),[object Object],	Most influential writing was “Spirit of the Laws” written in 1748,[object Object],“Countries are well-cultivated, not as they are fertile, but as they are free.”,[object Object]
Montesquieu’s Philosophy,[object Object],[object Object]
The separation of powers
Executive Power = King
Legislative Power = Parliament
Judicial Power = Courts
Checks & balances
Monarchs should be subject to constitutional limits on their power,[object Object]
Rousseau’s Philosophy,[object Object],[object Object]
Best traits of human character are products of nature
Society corrupts people, therefore, we must fix society,[object Object]
Individual moral freedom could be achieved only by learning to subject one’s individual interests to the “General Will”,[object Object]
This social contract was derived from human nature -NOT from history, tradition, or the Bible
People = most free & moral under a republican form of government with a direct democracy,[object Object]
Marquis de Condorcet1743-1794,[object Object],Most influential writing: Progress of the Human Mind (1794),[object Object]
Condorcet’s Philosophy,[object Object],Expectation of universal happiness,[object Object],Every individual guided by reason could enjoy true independence,[object Object],Advocated:,[object Object],[object Object]
Constitutionalism
Equal rights for women,[object Object]
Kant’s Philosophy,[object Object],Investigated the structure & limitations of reason,[object Object],Believed he created a compromise between the empiricists and the rationalists (reason + experience = Enlightenment),[object Object]

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Enlightenment Society & Politics