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Manifest Destiny,[object Object],US Westward Expansion ,[object Object]
Manifest Destiny,[object Object],Popularized by newspaper editor, John L. Sullivan,[object Object],Expression of Americans’ unique mission ,[object Object],Belief in America as the vessel of the progress of civilization,[object Object]
Manifest Destiny,[object Object], a combination of idealism and racism,[object Object], took hold in the U.S. during the mid-19th C.,[object Object],drove Americans to expand their nation across the North American continent,[object Object]
James K. Polk,[object Object],1845-1849,[object Object],“Young Hickory”,[object Object],Embodied the concept of Manifest Destiny,[object Object],US grew into a continental nation under JKP,[object Object]
Results,[object Object],Territories Gained,[object Object],Texas (annexed 1845),[object Object],Oregon Country (compromise of 1846),[object Object],Mexican Territory (annexed 1848),[object Object]
 ,[object Object],	“Away, away with all these cobweb tissues of rights of discovery, exploration, settlement, contiguity….Our claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative self government entrusted to us.  It is a right such as of the tree to space of air and earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and growth….It is in our future more than our past, or in the past history of Spanish exploration or French colonial rights, that our True Title is to be found.  Oregon can never be to England anything but a mere hunting ground for furs and peltries…In our hands it must fast fill in with a population destined to establish a noble young empire…” ,[object Object]
Manifest Destiny
Oregon Trail,[object Object]
Oregon Trail,[object Object],More than a pathway to Oregon – the only practical corridor to entire western US,[object Object],Exceptionally difficult,[object Object],2,000 miles,[object Object],1 in 10 died,[object Object],Many walked entirety in bare feet,[object Object],Cholera, poor sanitation & accidental gunshots were top causes of death (NOT Native Americans),[object Object]
The Great Migration,[object Object],1843 – began massive move,[object Object],Westward wagon train,[object Object],Btwn. 1843-1869, over ½ million people migrated west,[object Object],Some to Oregon (farmland),[object Object],Others to California (1849 Gold Rush),[object Object],Died down in 1869 when transcontinental railroad was completed,[object Object]
Manifest Destiny
US – Mexican War,[object Object],May 13, 1846 -  Polk signed a declaration of war against Mexico,[object Object],Hoped to: ,[object Object],secure the border of Texas ,[object Object],gain the commercially valuable territories of California and New Mexico,[object Object]
Manifest Destiny
US Mexican War,[object Object],Polk’s 3-Part Strategy,[object Object],Ordered Navy to blockade Mexico’s coastlines,[object Object],Zachary Taylor’s army was to push into Northeast Mexico,[object Object],A second army would march west to occupy New Mexico & California,[object Object],If Mexico would not sell, then Polk would take by force,[object Object]
Kearny’s Army of the West,[object Object],U.S. Colonel Stephen Kearny,[object Object],30 years military experience in the western plains,[object Object],Mission: to conquer the western half of North America,[object Object]
Army of the West,[object Object],1600+ soldiers headed west along Santa Fe Trail,[object Object],Marched 900 miles from Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe,[object Object],Once NM was occupied, they were to march another 1,000 miles to San Diego,[object Object],Video clip,[object Object]
Antiwar Factions,[object Object],Against territorial expansion – fear of expanding slavery,[object Object],Wilmot Proviso,[object Object],David Wilmot (PA),[object Object],Attached to funding for war,[object Object],Required a “no slavery” agreement in any new territory,[object Object],Defeated (passed in HOR, defeated in Senate),[object Object]
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo,[object Object],Ended US-Mexican War (Mexico surrendered),[object Object],Negotiated by (US reps only),[object Object],Nicholas Trist, chief clerk – State Dept.,[object Object],Gen. Winfield Scott, representative of Polk,[object Object],Terms,[object Object],Relinquished all claims to Texas,[object Object],Recognized Rio Grande as Southern boundary of US,[object Object],Mexico ceded to the US Upper California & New Mexico (known as the “Mexican Cession”),[object Object],Includes present-day AZ, NM, parts of UT, NV & CO,[object Object]
Manifest Destiny
Consequences of War,[object Object],13,000 American lives,[object Object],Long-lasting tensions with Mexico,[object Object],Training ground for Civil War (incl. Robert E. Lee & Ulysses Grant),[object Object]
Simulation Activity,[object Object],Life on the Oregon Trail….,[object Object]

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