Synchronous vs Asynchronous Programming. Sync vs Async programming.

3. What is Synchronous programming?
In programming, synchronous programs allocate a single thread to handle a request
or complete a task.
Since synchronous operations happen one at a time, a painstakingly long task
like a database query will block all other threads in the meantime.
While asynchronous operations can run multiple tasks concurrently on a single
thread, synchronous programs have a task queue where every other task remains
idle while the first is completed.
By definition, synchronous means ‘connected’ or ‘dependent’. In essence,
synchronous communication is tightly coupled.
For reactive systems, when programs work best when they react to environmental
input, synchronous programs can be useful

4. What is Synchronous programming?
Synchronous programs use blocking I/O operations in which each operation
has to run before the next is executed.
Generally, computers are fast, so synchronous communication isn’t necessarily
disadvantageous.
However, in a real-life, non-technical application, this would be the equivalent of your
waiter refusing to bring out any of the dishes you ordered until each and every dish
were fully prepared.

5. Benefits of Synchronous programming?
Synchronous programming is well-supported amongst all programming languages.
Developers do not have to worry about whether it is possible to code asynchronous
applications as this is the default.
Plus, writing synchronous programs is objectively easier than writing asynchronous
programs.
In utilizing a blocking I/O architecture you can save time in the software development
process and run tests with fewer complications.

6. Benefits of Synchronous programming?
Search engines find it easier to crawl for web pages that make use of traditional
synchronous architecture.
For marketers who depend on search engine optimization (SEO) to build their
reputation and brand awareness, this is an appreciable advantage.

7. What is Asynchronous programming?
Asynchronous programming relies on a non-blocking input and output (I/O) protocol.
This signifies that an asynchronous program does not execute operations in a
hierarchical or sequential order.
The resulting parallelization means an asynchronous program can take on multiple
requests simultaneously and independently.
When one request fails, it has no effect on another request. And the program can
move to another task before finishing the last.
In software development, an advantage of this kind is called loose coupling. Loosely
coupled communication and/or programming allows for decentralized processes.

8. What is Asynchronous programming?
Fewer dependencies lead to higher fault tolerance and increased flexibility.
For businesses that prioritize getting things done, asynchronous programming can be
a fundamental building block in meeting project requirements.
Imagine a non-technical example of how asynchronous communication would look
like in a real-world scenario.
As an illustration, envision you’re at a restaurant. Your waiter has just taken multiple
orders at your table and brings out your appetizer as soon as it’s ready, instead of
waiting for your main entree to be prepared as well.
Not only is this simply efficient service, but it’s an exemplary demonstration of a non-
blocking I/O or asynchronous architecture.

9. Benefits of Asynchronous programming?
In comparing asynchronous and synchronous programming, asynchronous programs
improve user experience in a variety of ways.
First, all the scripts of a program or web page can load at one time, resulting in better
responsiveness and decreased page load delays.
And the failure of a thread has no consequence on the ability of other threads to run
or render. Therefore, there is more availability overall with asynchronous
applications.

10. Benefits of Asynchronous programming?
In practice, asynchronous programming requires writing callback functions in
line with errors that may occur and disrupt a program.
These callbacks instruct the machine to move past the error and run the next task.
This also gives programmers the opportunity to write a personalized error message.
As a result, errors do not mean that your program altogether fails to run. Users get a
nice note while all the other features of the program work just fine.

12. Use case of Synchronous vs Asynchronous
For example if you want to download a file from the internet you might use a
synchronous function to do that but it will block your thread until the file finished
downloading. This can make your application unresponsive to any user input.
Instead you could download the file in the background using asynchronous
method. In this case the download function returns immediately and program
execution continues normally. All the download operations are done in the
background and your program will be notified when it's finished.

13. Use case of Synchronous vs Asynchronous
When you execute something synchronously, you wait for it to finish before moving
on to another task. When you execute something asynchronously, you can move
on to another task before it finishes.
Synchronous execution means the execution happens in a series a->b->c->d. If
you are calling methods ‘a ‘will run first and then when ‘a’ finish then ‘b’ will start.
With Asynchronous execution , you can start with ‘a’, and then ‘a’ can go in
background and we don’t need to wait for ‘a’ to finish, ‘b’ can start parallely.

14. Use case of Synchronous vs Asynchronous
The biggest contribution that asynchronous programming provides is enhanced
throughput.
Throughput refers to the deliverables a product or company can produce
within a specified time.
As established, computers are fast. Thus, synchronous programming is not as
time-consuming as you might imagine.
If you merely wish to develop a front-end application or execute a basic central
process unit (CPU) function, then asynchronous programming is way out of
bounds.

16. Use case of Synchronous
User Interfaces: User interface (UI) designs are typically synchronous. Since UIs
are spaces where humans and computers interact, it is ideal for them to replicate
the communication standards and practices humans are familiar with. Humans
expect an immediate response when they interact with a computer!
•HTTP APIs: HTTP APIs pass requests and responses in a synchronous fashion.
Client programs sending HTTP requests usually expect a fast answer from the
web server.
Use case of Asynchronous
•Batch-processing: is a data-processing method to handle large amounts of data
asynchronously. With asynchronous batch-processing, large batches of data are
processed at scheduled times to avoid blocking computing resources.
•Long-running tasks: such as fulfilling an order placed on an e-commerce site are
best handled asynchronously. There is no need to block resources while this task
is executed.

17. Summary
Synchronous and asynchronous, also known as sync and async, are
two types of programming models. At an abstract level, programming
models define how software is designed and executed.
The basic programming models are synchronous, but asynchronous
models are critical for performance reasons and to more efficiently use
computing resources. Programming languages usually have built-in
primitives to deal with asynchronous programming.
Asynchronous programming is a style of programming in which
the execution of a task is not guaranteed to occur in a
specific order. This contrasts with synchronous programming,
where all code execution is guaranteed to happen in a
specific order.

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