International Aid: NGO's, Bilateral & Multilateral aid, Poverty Trap

1. Development Aid

2. What are possible
responses to international
development issues?
(poverty)

3. • Give a man a fish… or teach him?
– What might some issues be when sending aid
money to developing nations?

4. Millennium Development
Goals

5. Poverty Trap
Local: poor farmers need to have more children
= more mouths to feed
= children have limited access to school, so they will walk
in their parents footsteps
Large-Scale: Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC’s)
= use foreign aid money to pay off foreign debts
(essentially paying off interest)
= economy is focused on exports & cash crops (to get
cash to pay off debt) instead of sustainability
= The need for cash overrules any concern about the
environment; a polluted environment leads to lower life
expectancy and decreased economic output

6. Types of Foreign Aid
• Bilateral aid – financial aid given directly to a
government from another government
– Example: CIDA (Canadian International Development
Agency)
• Multilateral aid – financial aid given to a
government from many other governments.
– Examples: United Nations, World Bank, IMF
• NGO’s – financial aid provided to countries from non
governmental organizations.
– Examples: Oxfam, Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders,
Amnesty International (human rights)

7. • The Canadian International Development Agency
(CIDA) is Canada's lead agency for development
assistance.
• CIDA's aim is to:
– manage Canada's support and resources effectively
and accountably to achieve meaningful, sustainable
results.
– engage in policy development in Canada and
internationally, enabling Canada's effort to realize its
development objectives.

8. CIDA INTERNATIONAL AID
Americas : Bolivia - Caribbean Program - Colombia - Haiti - Honduras - Peru
Asia : Afghanistan - Bangladesh - Indonesia - Pakistan - Vietnam
Eastern Europe : Ukraine
North Africa and Middle East : West Bank and Gaza
Sub-Saharan Africa : Ethiopia - Ghana - Mali - Mozambique - Senegal- Sudan -
Tanzania

9. • Over 40,000 international NGO’s
• Some act primarily as lobbyists,
while others primarily conduct
programs and activities.
• An NGO such as OXFAM, concerned
with poverty alleviation, might
provide needy people with the
equipment and skills to find food
and clean drinking water.

10. Problems with Foreign Aid
• ***Tied Aid – lending governments attach
conditions to aid being given.
– Example: The lending country makes sure the
borrowing country must buy goods from the lending
country in the future if they get a loan
• Massive Debt – many countries are forced into
paying off the huge loan payments instead of
putting the money to good use. (HIPC’s)
• Corrupt governments – When loan money goes
to poor nations, the money doesn’t always go
where it is needed, but rather to the leaders of
the country

16. 52. What headline best exemplifies the concept of “tied
aid”?
A. “Congo’s needs are greater than Sierre Leone’s”
B. “Red Cross provides aid to victims of the famine”
C. “Canadian businesses will profit from aid to Congo”
D. “World Health Organization provides aid to earthquake
victims”

17. 52. Which of the following is a non-governmental
organization (NGO)?
A. Red Cross
B. World Health Organization
C. Canadian International Development Agency
D. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

18. • Should Canada link its foreign aid to
human rights?
• Should Canada be helping poor
people in countries that abuse
human rights, such as North Korea,
Myanmar (Burma) and Afghanistan?