This document discusses basic router configuration including interface configuration, viewing and saving configuration files, Cisco IOS image files, backing up and restoring configurations, using CDP and Telnet, and checking network connectivity. It provides examples of commands used for router configuration and troubleshooting.
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Chapter Objectives
Perform interface configuration
View, save and erase configuration files
Explain Router IOS image files
Backup and restore Cisco IOS
Backup and restore router configuration
Use CDP
Use Telnet
Check network connectivity
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Recall - I
Various router components include:
Processor
ROM
RAM
Flash
NVRAM
Configuration Register
Different ROM components include:
POST
Bootstrap Program
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Recall - II
Mini-IOS
ROM Monitor
Different modes for accessing a router CLI include:
User Exec Mode
Privileged Exec Mode
Global Configuration Mode
Router administrative function include:
Assigning hostname
Assigning banners
setting password
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Router Interfaces
Router interfaces provide connection between the
host and the network
Interfaces supported by Cisco routers include:
ISDN
ATM
FDDI
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Token ring
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Case Study
The Blue Diamond steel company, Gujarat branch has
recently opened a branch at Hyderabad. The
Software management department of Hyderabad
branch urgently requires a team of eleven software
engineers for their project. The department is not able
to exchange information regarding the same with the
Recruitment department of the Gujarat. This is mainly
because serial interface is not responding.
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Problem
The network administrator Paul finds it difficult and
time consuming to get the circuit number and phone
number of the respective link using the network map
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Router Configuration Files
The configuration files also contain the commands
that are used to configure the router
Whenever you create or change the router
configuration, it is required to save the changes to
the configuration files
The configuration files are located in the RAM,
NVRAM or TFTP server
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Router IOS Image Files
The router saves configuration files and IOS image
files in the flash memory
Two types of routers based on the location of the
IOS image include:
Run from Flash (RFF) router
Run from RAM (RFR) router
The letter R after the model number identifies a
Run-from-RAM router
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Advantages of using a RFF Image
An RFF image is loaded directly to the router when
the router boots
Advantages of using a RFF Image include:
Reduced Corruption
Faster Boot
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Process of Loading an IOS from RFR
Router
The RFR routers load the image from the flash
memory into the DRAM
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Upgrading IOS Images
IOS images can be upgraded from a remote FTP
server
RFF images can be upgraded in two ways:
Dual Flash Banks
Flash Load Helper (FLH)
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Points to Remember before backing
up Cisco IOS
The workstation runs TFTP server software
The router and workstation have an Ethernet
connection made with crossover cable
The workstation and Ethernet interface of the router
exist on the same subnet
The copy flash tftp command gets IP address of the
workstation when you backup the image from the
router flash
The available space in flash can store the image copy
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
CDP gives the information about locally attached
and remote devices in the network
It also gives the information about hardware and
protocol of the neighboring devices in the network
To get the information about the CDP global
parameters that can be configured on Cisco devices
using the show cdp command
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Telnet
Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol that connects the
router to remote devices
It allows you to get all the information about the
routers and run programs on the routers
The Telnet program allows you to reconfigure or
check the routers and switches without the console
cable
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Traceroute Output Options
Output Options Description
* Specifies that the wait time expired or the device failed to respond
A Specifies that a remote device filtered the trace packet
U Specifies that the device port is unreachable
H Specifies that the host on the destination network segment was
unreachable
I Indicates that the user interrupted the traceroute process
N Specifies that the destination network segment was unreachable
P Specifies that the device does not support traceroute
T Specifies that the trace packet has exceeded configuration timeout
? Indicates that the trace type in the trace packet was not identifiable
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Summary - I
A router interface provides connection between the user
host and the network
Cisco routers support interfaces such as serial, ISDN,
ATM, FDDI, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and
Token ring
The interface command allows you to configure a router
interface
All the interfaces are disabled by default. The no shutdown
command allows you to bring up a particular interface
Router interface configuration includes configuring ip
address, clock rate, bandwidth parameter and description
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Summary - II
The following show commands enable you to verify the
router interfaces
show interface
show ip interface
show ip interface brief
show protocols
show controllers
The Cisco routers allow you to view, save and erase the
configuration files
A backup copy of the existing IOS image is if the new
IOS image is not properly upgraded on the router
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Summary - III
Any changes made to the router configuration are
stored in the running-config file. You can use the
copy command to save the changes to startup
config file, flash or TFTP server
The CDP global parameters include CDP timer and
CDP holdtime
Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol that connects the
router to remote devices. It allows you to get
information about the routers and the programs
running on the routers
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Summary - IV
The show ip route and show interfaces commands
allow you to troubleshoot the IOS
The ping and traceroute commands allow you to
check the connectivity of your router with the remote
devices
The debug command enables you to view the data
packet transfer statistics at a particular time