1. Verbals
Infinitive, Participles and Gerunds

2. Verbals
 A verbal is a word formed from a verb
but functioning as a different part of
speech.
 Verbals include:
◦ Infinitives: “to love”
◦ Gerund: “loving”
◦ Participles: “loved”

3. Verbals:
Infinitives
Mr. Jet Hokin Paclar

4. Infinitives
 An infinitive is a verbal usually
formed by placing “to” before the
simple present form or base form of a
verb.
 EXCEPT: when the infinitive follows
these special verbs in a sentence;
 fear, hear, help, let, make, see and watch
 “to” is dropped and the pattern will be like
this:
 Special Verb + Direct Object + Infinitive – to
 the Infinitive is called a “bare infinitive”

5. Examples of Bare Infinitives
 Although Ms. Legaspi spent an extra
class period helping us understand
logarithms, we still failed the test.
◦ Helping (SV) + us (DO) + understand (I)
 Since Jose had destroyed Sylvia's
artwork while running and fooling
around, she made him take her out
for an expensive dinner.
◦ made (SV) + him (DO) + take (I)

6. Functions of Infinitives
 Infinitives can act as:
 NOUN:
 To act like that is childish.
 ADJECTIVE:
 The clothes to iron are on my bed.
 ADVERB:
 You came here to study.

7. INFINITIVES
AS
NOUNS

8. Noun- Subject
 To climb Mt. Everest is my greatest
ambition.
 To sleep is the only thing Eli wants
after his long trip.
 To go, even after all that trouble, didn’t
seem worthwhile anymore.

9. Noun- Direct Object
 Direct Objects are the receiver of
action of the main verb. They answer
the questions “What? Who? and
Which?”
 We all want to see. (what do we all
want?)
 I want to know the answer. (what do
you want?)
 He always refuses to look up. (what
does he refuse to do?)
 Barbara decided to leave. (what is the

10. Noun- Subject Complement
 Subject Complement is a noun that
appears with a linking verb and tells
something about the subject.
 My greatest ambition is to climb Mt.
Everest.
 My goal is to write.
 My plan is to travel.

11. INFINITIVES
AS
ADJECTIVES

12. Adjective
 A word or group of words that modifies
and/or describes a noun or a pronoun.
 Answers the question “what kind?”
 General Rule:
“Adjectival Infinitives always follow the
noun they modify.”
 Noun + Adjectival Infinitive

13. Examples
 She didn’t have permission to go.
(modifies- permission)
 The doctor gave me some vitamins to
take. (modifies- vitamins)
 That is not the way to speak to your
elders. (modifies- way)
 The clothes to iron are on my bed.
(modifies- clothes)

14. INFINITIVES
AS
ADVERBS

15. Adverbs
 A word or group of words that modifies
a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Answers the questions “why?” and
“what extent?”.
 You can always identify an adverbial
infinitive by inserting the test words in
order in front of infinitive. If the
words in order make sense, the
infinitive is adverbial.

16. Examples
 You came here to study.
(why did you come here? You came
here in order to study.)
 Mother went to the store to buy fruit.
(why did mother go to the store?
Mother went to the store in order to
buy fruits.
 He took the psychology class to
understand human behaviour.
(why did he take the psych class? He…
in order to understand…)

17. OTHER FUNCTIONS
OF
INFINITIVES

18. Appositive
 My ambition to climb Mt. Everest has
directed by whole life.
 Our good intention to diet disappeared
quickly.

19. Object of the Preposition
 I was about to tell you my secret.
 I was about to speak when he
interrupted.

20. ACTIVITY
ON
INFINITIVES

21. Answer directly
Presentation A, 1-10 on
page 168 of your Global
Village book.

22. Verbals:
Participles
Mr. Jet Hokin Paclar

23. What is a
participle?

24. A participle is a
verbal that
functions as an
Adjective. It is also
called Verbal
Adjective.

25. Review:
What is a
verbal?

26. A verbal is a word formed
from a verb but functioning
as a different part of
speech.

27. What is an
Adjective?

28. An adjective is a word
or group of words that
modifies/describes a
noun, pronoun or noun
equivalents.

29. What are the usual
forms of the
Participle?

30.  Present Participle
◦ Verb “-ing” such as loving
 Past Participle
◦ Regular Verbs: Verb “-ed” or “-d”
 loved
◦ Irregular Verbs: often Verb “-en” or “-
n”
 spoken

31. Which is the Verb,
Participle or Gerund?

32. My friends are traveling
in India.
A traveling salesperson
came to the door.
Traveling tires me out.

33.  What is the difference
between a Present
Participle and a
Gerund?

34.  Present Participle acts as an
Adjective, a modifier.
◦ Sen. 2; traveling salesperson (traveling
describes the noun salesperson.)
 Gerund acts as a noun or pronoun.
◦ Sen. 3; Traveling tires me out. (traveling
serves as the Subject of the sentence,
thus functioning as a Noun Subject)

35. Where is a one word
Participle located in a
sentence?

36. A one word participle is an
adjective that precedes the
noun, pronoun or noun
equivalent it modifies.
◦ The burning sun is so beautiful.
(“burning” modifies the word
“sun”)

37. A participial phrase is a group
of words that is started by a
participle and acts as an
adjective.
◦ They like the film shown during
the program.

38. What is a dangling
participle?

39.  A dangling participle is a phrase that
does not have a subject inside a
sentence. The subject used in
dangling participles is not the doer of
the action expressed by the participle.
◦ Hiking the trail, the birds chirped loudly.
◦ Hiking the trail, K and L heard birds
chirping loudly.

40. What is a
Nominative
Absolute?

41.  A nominative absolute is a noun
or pronoun followed by a
participle or participial phrase that
functions independently of the
rest of the sentence.

42.  Usually they express time;
◦ Three hours having passed, I decided to
wait no longer.
 Reason
◦ My stomach growling with hunger, I made
a sandwich.
 Circumstance
◦ Many students missed final exams, the flu
epidemic having struck at the end of the
semester.

43. Verbal:
Gerunds
Mr. Jet Hokin Paclar

44. Gerund
 A gerund is a verbal that ends in “-
ing” and acts as a noun in a sentence.
It is also called Verbal Noun.
 Example:
◦ Getting
◦ Eating
◦ Running
◦ Understanding
◦ Napping
◦ Drinking

45. While Watching
Make 5 Review Questions
from the video and write
them on your group’s 1
whole sheet of paper.
 (Note: Review Questions- are
questions whose answers are found in
the video.)

46. Functions of Gerunds
 ....English Grammar - 6 Ways to Use
Gerunds.mp4

47. Functions
 Subject
◦ Reading is my hobby.
 Direct Object
◦ He likes reading a lot. (likes what?)
 Object of a Preposition
◦ He is prohibited from reading. (prep.
from)
 Object of a Possessive
◦ I don’t like your reading. (poss. your)

48. Functions cont.
 Subject Complement
◦ My friends favorite pastime is reading.
 Object Complement
◦ I heard Tom reading. (heard Tom what?)
 Appositive
◦ His favorite pastime, reading, is so cool.

49. Gerund Quiz Bee
 ......GERUNDS QUIZ BEE.pptx

50. Seatwork
 Submit your papers.
 Go back to your seats.
 Get ¼ piece of paper
 Open your books on page 192.
 Answer Practice Activity 1-10

51. Assignment
 In a ½ crosswise, construct 7
sentences with gerunds functioning
differently in each sentence.
 Function as a:
◦ Subject
◦ Direct Object
◦ Object of a Preposition
◦ Object of a Possessive
◦ Object Complement
◦ Subject Complement
◦ Appositive

52. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING 