1. Mobile-assisted Language Learning
Promising Opportunities for Foreign Language Learning
 Jatin Kapadiya
 Gaurav Gohil
 Bharat Bharwad

2. Lot’s of
DEBATE
 Researchers’ perspectives:
WHAT IS MOBILE IN MOBILE LEARNING?
Learner?
Device?
(orientation/ needs/wants)?
(technology)?
Content?
( cloud computing)?

3. Kukulska-Hulme & Traxler, 2005:
“the possibilities opened up by portable,
lightweight devices that are … small enough to fit
in a pocket or the palm of one’s hand. Typical
examples are mobile phones … smartphones,
palmtops and PDAs; Tablet PCs, laptop
computers and personal media players”
Cameras, data storage devices

4. Sharples et al. (2005)
“[it] is the learner that is mobile, rather than the
technology” (p3).

5.  Defining characteristics:
 Personalized

Situated
 Authentic

Informal
 Mobile

Continuous
 Portable

Collaborative

Spontaneous
 Ubiquitous

6. Simple definition
A mode of learning which takes place using content or
interaction affordances facilitated by mobile devices
such as cellphones, mp3 players, notebooks, hand-held
mini computers, PDAs, cameras, data storage devices
and a number of other portable devices

7. An approach to language learning that is
assisted or enhanced through the use of
handheld mobile devices
Subset of mobile learning and CALL

8. 1. Mobile device and network ubiquity:
90%
of the people on earth are covered by mobile phone
network.
Colley et. all. (2010)
41%
of users have more than one mobile device.
The Oracle report (Yu Vespi and Hazen, 2010)

9. 1. Mobile device and network ubiquity:
85%
of mobile phones shipped worldwide by 2011 will have an
Colley et al. (2010)
Internet browser on them.
Near Future:
between 2010 – 2015 Web access via mobile will exceed
desktop Web access.
(Colley et al. 2010).

10. 1. Mobile device and network ubiquity:
(Generation Y)
downloaded the most of the commercial or free applications
downloaded by all mobile users.
What about the developing world?
(Colley et al. 2010)
“In most African countries Internet usage via cellphones is
growing: not by 10 or 20 %, but by several hundred percent yearon-year.”
(Colley et al. 2010)

11. 2. Our learners – real life:
 All own cellphones and most of them own smartphones
 Motivated towards the technology (POSITIVE)
 Geared to learn informally
 Suggesting mobile-based materials
 Already into mobile learning
 ARE CREATING mobile learning Content

12. 3. Research:
We need to re-conceptualize learning for the mobile age.
Sharples et al. (2005)
Mobile learning in general is inevitable in the coming
years.
(Kukulska-Hulme 2006)

13. 3. Research:
Equip educators at individual and institutional levels
with appropriate designs for learning that can cope with and
work well for new generations of learners who take the use
of sophisticated technology for granted.
( Beethan & Sharpe, 2007)

14. 2. What if we as educators just ignored
this new mode of learning?
Failing to do so, will only result in widening the gap
between educators’ ideas about learning and those of
their students
(Kukulska-Hulme & Jones, 2011).

15. Advantages:
 Learner driven and centered
 Potential for learner autonomy
 Relatively cheap technology
 Encourages and facilitates peer
 Very cheap or totally free
content
interaction
 Integrates real life into learning
 Portable
 Easy content creation
 Ubiquitous
 eBooks etc.
 Still new and fashionable
http://www.teachthought.com/technology/reasons-to-use-tablets-in-the-21st-century-classroom

16. Some Examples
 Educational Apps
 eBooks and eLibraries
 Social media
 Informal learning activities
 Course Management Systems: Moodle for mobile
 Course administration
 Audio, video , picture
 The power of QR Codes

17. Educational Apps
 on the rise
 Leading app producers
 Augmented reality affordances
 Mostly for free
 Easy to use
 Choice
 User reviews

18. CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS OF
MALL
Educational Apps

What is the downside?
Apps from Unreliable sources

Trial Apps

Data Usage

Low quality

Finding them

19. Apps
Exemplary language learning apps

20.  QR Codes
What are QR Codes?
• Quick Response Code
• Optical labels readable by smartphone
software
Powerful teaching/learning tools on smartphones

21.  QR Codes
QR Code Generators
QR Code Scanners

22. CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS OF
MALL
 QR Codes
Both a QR Code Generator and Scanner

23. CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS OF
MALL
 QR Codes
How can they be used for language learning?/teaching?

Apps

Text

Web
links

Course administration

Classroom activities and quizzes

Video
Advantage: Do not always require Internet access.

24.  QR Codes - Example
Mobile app
Convert
link to QR
Code
Students
scan app to
their
smartphone
App gets downloaded

25. CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS OF
MALL
 QR Code – Try it now!

26. CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS OF
MALL
 QR Codes – Learn more

27.  Planners: initiate and administer learning schemes,
offer opportunities, set policies, rules and regulation
 Guides/facilitators: appropriate materials – apps,
sites etc.
Facilitate work of leaners as needed
 Resource: offer resources and encourage students to
explore
 Tech support
 LISTENERS: to students’ needs and wants

28.  Teacher resistance
 Alignment of mobile learning with theoretical frameworks
 Technology-driven materials and practices
 Institutional rules
 Cultural appropriateness
 Cost
 Privacy
 Access to network
 Cross platform compatibility

29. MALL on wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Assisted_Language_Learning
Mobile learning portal:
http://www.mobilelearningportal.org/contentview/journals
Journal of technology for ELT:
https://sites.google.com/site/journaloftechnologyforelt/archive/april2011/mobil
eassistedlanguagelearning
EDUCAUSE REVIEW ONLINE:
https://sites.google.com/site/journaloftechnologyforelt/archive/april2011/mobileas
sistedlanguagelearning

30. MLEARNING AND MALL
RESOURCES
Apple Education:
http://www.apple.com/education/apps/
Mobile Learning: An online reflective journal on Mobile learning practices:
http://mlearning.edublogs.org/2006/08/14/immersive-situated-learning/
Top 50 mearning Resources:
http://www.slideshare.net/UpsideLearning/top-50mlearningmobilelearningresources

31. Beethan, H., & Sharpe, R. (Eds.). (2007). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age:
Designing and delivering e-learning. London, UK: RoutledgeFalmer.
Chinnery,G. (2006). Emerging technologies. Going to mall: mobile assisted language
learning. Language Learning and Technology, 10(1), 19-16
C
olley, J., DeGani, A., & Stead, G. (2010). What in the World are you doing with
your mobile phone? World differences in the use of mobiles. Retrieved August 27,
2011, from http://www.mole-project.net/
Colley, J., DeGani, A., & Stead, G. (2010). Future trends in mobile use. Retrieved
Aujust 27th, 2011, from
http://www.mole-project.net/images/documents/deliverables/global_mobile_trends.pdf

32. Dias, A. Carvalho, L., Keegan, D. Kismihok, G., Mileva, N., Nix, J., & Rekkedal. T
(2008). An Introduction to Mobile Learning. Retrieved 25th July, 2011, from
http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/corpinfo/programs/the_role_of_mobile_learning
_in_european_education/products/wp/socrates_wp1_english.pdf
Geddes, S. (2004). Mobile learning in the 21st century: Benefit for learners.
Knowledge Tree e-journal. Retrieved August 9th, 2011, from
https://olt.qut.edu.au/udf/OLTCONFERENCEPAPERS/gen/static/papers/Cobcroft_O
LT2006_paper.pdf.

33. Hartman, G. DeGani, A., & Stead, G. (2011). Cross-platform mobile development.
Retrieved August 27th, 2011, from http://www.moleproject.net/images/documents/deliverables/WP4_crossplatform_mobile_developme
nt_March2011.pdf
Ismail, I., Baharum, H., & Idrus, R.M. (2010). Simplistic is the ingredient for mobile
learning. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 4(3), 4 – 8)
retrieved July 25th, 2011, from http://online-journals.org/i-jim/issue/view/85
Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes and Jones, Chris (2011). The next generation: design and
the infrastructure for learning in a mobile and networked world. In: Olofsson, A. D.
and Lindberg, J. Ola eds. Informed Design of Educational Technologies in Higher
Education: Enhanced Learning and Teaching. Hershey, PA: Information Science
Reference (an Imprint of IGI Global), pp. 57–78.

34. Kukulska-Hulme. A., and Shield, Lesley (2008). An overview of mobile assisted
language learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction.
ReCALL, 20(3), pp. 271–289.
Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2006). Mobile language learning now and in the future. In:
Svensson, Patrik ed. Fr°an vision till praktik: Spr°akutbildning och Informationsteknik
(From vision to practice: language learning and IT). Sweden: Swedish Net University
(N¨atuniversitetet), pp. 295–310.
Mirland, M. (2006). How should learning activities using mobile technologies be
designed to support innovative educational practices?. In M. Sharples (ed.) (2006) Big
issues in mobile learning. Report of a workshop by the Kaleidoscope Network of
Excellence Mobile Learning Initiative. University of Nottingham, UK. (p.27 - 29)
Retrieved July 9th, 2011, from http://mlearning.noekaleidoscope.org/repository/BigIssues.pdf

35. Naismith, L., Lonsdale, P., Vavoula, G. and Sharples, M. (2004) Literature Review in
Mobile Technologies and Learning, Report 11 for Futurelab, Retrieved September
10, 2011, from
http://www.futurelab.org.uk/sites/default/files/Mobile_Technologies_and_Learning_
review.pdf

36. Sharples, M. (ed.) (2006). Big issues in mobile learning. Report of a workshop by
the Kaleidoscope Network of Excellence Mobile Learning Initiative. University of
Nottingham, UK. Retrieved July 9th, 2011, from http://mlearning.noekaleidoscope.org/repository/BigIssues.pdf
Thornton, P., & Houser, C. (2005). Using mobile phones in English education in
Japan. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (21), 217-228
Yu Vespi, C., & Hazen, J (2010). Opportunity Calling: The future of Mobile
communications. Retrieved August 27th, 2011, from
http://www.oracle.com/us/industries/communications/oracle-communicationsmobile-report-170802.pdf

37. 
Online journal that an
individual can continuously
update with his or her own
words, ideas, and thoughts
through software that enables
one to easily do so (Campbell,
2003).

43. QR Code
Link it to a website..
THANK YOU