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Dysgraphia
Jane Iannacconi
Criteria & Assessment Strategies for Dysgraphia

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Contents:
1. Definition
2. Types (4)
3. Interventions & Strategies
4. Levels of Interpretation
5. Additional Information
6. Reference

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Dysgraphia is a learning disability resulting
from the difficulty in expressing thoughts in
writing and graphing.
Feifer’s
4 subtypes of Dysgraphia

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Phonological:
Writing and spelling disturbances in which
the spelling of unfamiliar words, non-words,
and phonetically irregular words are impaired.
These students tend to have trouble spelling by sounds and rely
on the visual aspect of letters; therefore, because
spelling is an auditory task, they will have trouble with spelling
tests.

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Surface:
Students have trouble with orthographic representations
of words, which makes the student rely too heavily on sound patterns;
the opposite of phonological dysgraphia.

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Mixed:
Students having trouble with mixing up letter formations and having
trouble with spelling tasks, a combination of the first two
types. Recalling letter formations is hard for
these students to do because there are so many instructions or rules
that they get confused and; therefore, have inconsistent spellings
of words.

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Semantic/Syntactic:
Students have difficulty with how words can be joined to make
complete and comprehensive phrases.

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An example of a second grade student’s handwriting with
dysgraphia.

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A second grade student’s handwriting who does not have a
disability.

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Interventions & Strategies
Surface
Phonological Cover-Write Method
Alphabetic Phonics Fernald Method
Making Words Visual Spelling
Writing to Read
Semantic/Syntactic
Mixed Writing Skills for the
Adolescent
Musical Spelling
Sentence Combining
Language Experience
Approach CAST - Universal Design for
Learning
CAST - Universal Design
for Learning Step Up to Writing - (Sopris
West)
Software Strategies
Software Strategies

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Levels of Interpretation
Writing Sub-skill
Subtest
General lexicon of
Vocabulary words
Similarities Verbal flexibility
Comprehension Verbal syntax
Digit Span Working memory
Letter-number sequence Visual/verbal flexibility
Picture concepts Motor speed output
Coding

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+ The Human Brain

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Additional Information and Strategies
http://www.ldinfo.com/dysgraphia.htm
http://sped.wikidot.com/strategies-for-students-with-dysgraphia
http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/parents/ld_basics/dysgraphia.asp
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/12770
http://www.ldonline.org/article/5890

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Crouch, A. L., & Jakubecy, J. J. (2007). Dysgraphia: How it affects a
student’s performance and what can be done about it.
TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus, 3(3) Article 5. Retrieved from
http://escholarship.bc.edu/education/tecplus/vol3/iss3/art5