Deep I-U-G Engagement for Knowledge Transfer

Deep
Industry - University - Government
Engagement
for the benefit of the Society
Dr. Janne Virtapohja
Asst Director for Industrial Membership and Technology Transfer
Solar and Alternative Energy Engineering Research Center
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Deep I-U-G Engagement

CONTENTS
• TAMPERE – FROM INDUSTRIAL TO KNOWLEDGE CITY
• WHY NOT A BAYH DOLE TYPE OF LAW IN FINLAND?
• CONTRACT RESEARCH WITH INDUSTRY AT TUT
• HOW TO MEASURE TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER RESULTS AT TUT?
• HOW COULD TUT MODEL
WORK IN OTHER COUNTRIES
• EXAMPLES OF DEEP I-U-G
ENGAGEMENT

3
TAMPERE
Helsinki
FINLAND
WHERE IS
TAMPERE?
EUROPE

TAMPERE
INDUSTRIAL TO
KNOWLEDGE CITY
Coat of Arms of
The City of Tampere

City of Tampere Was Established in 1779,
230y Ago between Two Lakes
© Olli Niemi, Technology Centre Hermia Ltd
© Tampereen kaupunkimittausyksikkö 2001
Näsijärvi
Pyhäjärvi
18 meters difference:
Tampere Rapids
City of Tampere Was Established
in 1779 between Two Lakes

In 1839 Tampere Rapids were full of potential energy
B. Lauvergen drawing from Tampere 1839, mill
“Kuusivooninkinen” = Six Storey

In 1938 the potential was in full exploitation
Picture of the Power station of Tampella 1938

Power from Tampere Rapids
© Olli Niemi, Technology Centre Hermia Ltd
Power from Tampere Rapids

SWEDEN
FINLAND
RUSSIA
NORWAY
HANSEATIC LEAGUE, 13th TO 17th CENTURY
TRADING MONOPOLY – CITIES & ROUTES.
BALTIC
SEA
• In 1820 James Finlayson (born in Glasgow,
Scotland) received permission from the
Senate of Finland to build a factory in
Tampere using water power from the
Tammerkoski river.
• Finlayson was backed by the Tsar Alexander I of Russia.
• Finlayson imported machinists from England to train Finnish workers.
• The first factory was completed in 1823 with the aid
of state loan with the stipulation that the technology
employed could be freely inspected by the public
to further civic technological advancement.
• Finlayson manufactured machinery suitable for
textile industry but in 1828 switched to cotton mills.
G – I COLLABORATION
IN THE 1800’s
Finland was ruled by
-Sweden until 1809
-Russia 1809-1917
Finland has been
independent since 1917,
and a member state of
EU since 1995

Forerunner in Applying New Technologies:
1821 1st Textile factory
1837 1st multi-storey factory building + steel pillars in Finland
1843 1st paper machine in Finland
1865 Establishment of Nokia company by Fredrik Idestam
At start a pulp mill was built on the banks of the rapids
1875 1st shoe factory in Finland
1882 1st electric light in Northern Europe
etc.
Tampere High Tech
History
Nokia Company logo
1865Nokia Company logo
2010

05.10.2006
Aaltonen Shoe Factory
Tampella
Finlayson
1960’s
1940’s 1938
Valmet
1945
PL DL, VV, AV
VVPL
Lapinniemi Cotton MillTAMPERE

WAR REPARATIONS
1944-1952
Finland agreed to pay war reparations of
US$300 million to the Soviet Union, and
was the only country in the world to pay
what was agreed.
 Metal Industry heavily responsible,
Tampella Co’s share alone 14 %
31.08.1950
14.02.1950
Kaplan
Turbines
728 “narrow track” locomotives,
of which 525 type PT-4 locomotives,
the largest uniform series
in the world.
 After all,
Beneficial
to the Economy
of Finland
+US$372mi
+US$347mi
-US$300mi
Marshall Plan 1948-1951
+US$385mi
Finland agreed to pay war reparations of
US$300 million to the Soviet Union, and
was the only country in the world to pay
what was agreed.
 Metal Industry heavily responsible,
Tampella Co’s share alone 14 %

GDP / capita in Finland 1500-2000
and estimates for the next 100 years
Source:
Pentti
Vartia
2007
Source: Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms a Brief Economic
History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 2
Estimated World Income, 1000 BCE-2000 CE (Per Capita)

Sources: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators and Statistics Finland.
R&D investments in
various countries

…to a Knowledge City
• First Two Universities Established in the 1960’s
• Strengthening the Research & Education base in the 70’s and 80’s
• I-U-G Triple Helix started collaboration in the 80’s
• Enhanced U-I Technology Transfer
• Knowledge Based Cluster Development Strategy since the 1990’s
(ICT & Intelligent Machinery)
• Nokia Corporation has its largest global R&D site in Tampere
(just recently surpassed by Bangalore)
• Nokia has 4 000 Engineers in R&D in Tampere
• R&D sites of other companies…

WHY NOT A BAYH DOLE
TYPE OF LAW IN FINLAND?

Bayh Dole Act 1980 +/-
Positives – at start
• Uniform IPR Law for all Gov’t funded R&D
• Title to inventions made with Gov’t funding
belongs to Universities, not Gov’t
• Broad freedom for universities to manage
IPR
• In some cases substantial income for the
UNIVERSITY
Negatives – the present
• University TTO may file a patent application
on a basis of a scientific article
• Patent application written in a way not useful
for Business
• Patent application written in a way that
further protection is impossible
• Only few “Home Runs” in the US,
i.e. generating >1 million USD
• Small benefit for the COUNTRY
• Has generated or is about to generate Bayh
Dole type laws in other countries

CONTRACT RESEARCH
WITH INDUSTRY
AT TUT

TUT model
• 350-400 new projects / year
• At any given time 1 000 projects up & running
• NOT a single project without Industry Partner(s)
• IP (ownership, price, etc.) negotiated in advance
• University owns IP rarely
• It is possible for the University to own IP & sometimes necessary
• Industry regularly involved in carrying out projects
• Outcome is what Industry needs
• Industry makes profit, pays taxes, contributes to the Society
• Benefit to the local economy, in this case Finland
• Gov’t support to companies: Nokia, Metso, Stora Enso, Outokumpu

Rank Company
Funding,
EUR
1. Nokia 12,892,232
6. Metso Paper 2,436,138
9. Metso Automation 2,299,497
10. Stora Enso 2,077,572
11. Outokumpu Research 2,039,038
Companies receiving public
funding from the Natl
Technology Agency (Tekes) in 2004
12,3 %
11,1 %
31,1 %
Gov’t ownership 2009
Owned by Finns 2009
13,0 %

HOW TO MEASURE
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
RESULTS AT TUT?

• Nr of Invention Disclosures
• Nr of Patent Applications
• Nr of Granted Patents
• Nr of License Agreements
• Nr of Spin off Companies
• $ generated for the OFFICE
• Growth of companies
• Growth of Country GDP
HOW TO MEASURE TT
RESULTS AT TUT?
University Tech Trans Office OR Industry & Country Measures

Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia Co’s turnover increased
almost fivefold from EUR 6.5 billion to EUR 31 billion.
In 2008 the turnover of Nokia was EUR 51 billion.
Source: Nokia Annual Reports
Fixed priced quarterly GDP
of Finland in billions of euro.
Source: Statistics Finland
Forecasts: ETLA
2008
GDP (nominal)/cap
52 000 USD
(US 47 000 USD)
GDP (PPP)/capita
36 000 USD
(US 47 000 USD)
Source: IMF
Case Finland

Company World market share Products
Nokia 30% telecom solutions
Kalmar, Kone Cargotech > 50% container handling machinery
Sandvik-Tamrock* 35% mining and construction machinery
Timberjack, John Deere* 47% forest machinery
Metso Automation > 15% automation for process industry
Metso Minerals 15% mobile rock crushers
Kvaerner Power* 30% ‘green’ boilers
Tamglass > 50% safety glass machinery
(architectural and automotive)
Bronto Skylift, FSC* > 60% fire and rescue platforms
Fastems 70% FMS multilevel flexible
manufacturing systems
Ata Gears 50% spiral bevel gears for marine
applications
Tamrotor, Gardner Denver* 30% ship compressors
Avant Tecno 40% mini loaders (max. one ton)
Nokian Tyres 30% eco / intelligent tyres
Sisu Diesel, Agco Group* 10% diesel engines
Raflatac 35% self adhesive laminates (+ RFID)
Global Market Leaders in Tampere Region (2005)Global Market Leaders in Tampere Region (2005)
…its not all about Nokia!
*Foreigninvestments

WITH RESULTS
HAVING REAL
IMPACT TO THE
ECONOMY
HOW TO MEASURE TT RESULTS AT TUT?

WHY TUT MODEL WORKS?
• Two Centuries long Industrial Tradition
• “University of Industry” Brand of TUT
• 40y History of Uni – same today as at start!
• TUT Operates as Foundation 01.01.2010 

HOW COULD TUT MODEL WORK
IN OTHER COUNTRIES

How could TUT model
work in other countries
1/2
• Sufficient public R&D funding of a nation must be directed to the
technology areas most important to the country, it’s people and it’s future.
• General thinking (in Finland) is that it is not wrong to support existing well
profitable companies, when the result is more well being for the society.
• The magic is done with Industry-University-Government Triple Helix.
Universities play a role with the R&D funded by companies &
Government. By engaging with Universities, companies will get less costly
high quality research.
- In Gov’t funding to Universities, Gov’t expects Industry involvement
- In Gov’t funding to Industry, Gov’t expects University involvement
Nowadays: Quartet of Industry – University – Government – USER

• Gov’t makes sure that the research conducted at Universities has a real need by
Industry
 Industry makes profit
 Industry pays taxes to the Gov’t and in other ways benefits Gov’t & Society
 Industry Employs the citizens
 Gov’t reinvests in public R&D
 Beneficiary is the society, “tax payers” in the Western world
• In Finland, this has been done over and over again with I-U-G for three decades,
it’s a cycle leading at it’s best to more and more benefit…
• Adopting the same model in other countries: The Gov’t organization granting the
public funding will determine the rules for the use of the funding
• In any country, the TERMS (For example Tekes terms) on how to use research
funding are critical 
How could TUT model
work in other countries
2/2

…
2. Project implementation and project accounting
The recipient must implement the project in accordance with the research funding
decision.
2.1 Project Steering Group – members, tasks and decision-making
The implementation of the project shall be steered and supervised by a Steering Group.
The Steering Group shall monitor the progress made, support the realization of the
project objectives with its expertise and facilitate the transfer of knowledge created to
those utilizing and exploiting it.
Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (hereinafter “Tekes”) shall
approve the members of the Steering Group, taking the size of the project and the
funding contribution of the different financiers into consideration. The Steering Group
shall also include a representative of Tekes.
In its first meeting the Steering Group shall agree on its meeting schedule and
procedure as well as its decision-making procedure. The decisions made by the
Steering Group’s first meeting and any significant changes to the project must be
subjected to the approval of all of the financiers. See also Section 7.
During the project the Steering Group shall provide Tekes with confirmation of any
proposals for changes to the project made by the Accountable Project Leader.
…
GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1 (9)
Government Agencies and Institutes
http://www.tekes.fi/en/

EXAMPLES OF DEEP
INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY-GOVERNMENT
ENGAGEMENT
(A.K.A. OPEN INNOVATION)
AT TUT

Open Innovation of
NRC TUT
Case I – NIC
• NRC + TUT = NIC, Nokia Innovation Center (joint facility,
1st
in Finland), NRC = Nokia Research Center
• 16 Professors, 50 Ph.D. Students
• Publicly funded projects
• Agreement between Nokia and TUT
• Nokia uses the brain power of TUT for Nokia purposes
New science for TUT
 New business, renewing of business, etc. for Nokia
• TUT students/researchers checked & best employed
SINCE 2007

Open Innovation Partners of
Strategic academic partners with whom Nokia has signed formal framework Research Agreements
Source: http://research.nokia.com/openinnovation

Open Innovation
Case II – Demola
POOL OF TALENT
www.demola.fi
SINCE
2008
COMPANIES WITH IDEAS

1820’s
Used by Demola on April 29,
2009
The Weaving Hall of Finlayson

12,500 students (2008)
2,000 personnel, of which 1,200 researchers
140 professors
5 Faculties with 20 Departments
4 Research / Education Centers
Annual numbers:
1,250 student intake
800 M.Sc. (Eng)
+ 30 architects
70 Ph.D.
37
What is Industry after at TUT?
www.tut.fi
Tampere University of Technology (est. 1965)

Emil Aaltonen
1869-1949
Photo1929
Wilhelm von Nottbeck
1816-1890
Photo 1880’s
James Finlayson
1771-1852
Drawing 1890’s
Many thanks
to the Photo Archives of Tampere Museums, and a vast number of Tampere individuals
Fredrik Idestam
1838-1916
Photo
“1800-1900”

janne.virtapohja@hotmail.com

Deep I-U-G Engagement for Knowledge Transfer

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

En vedette

En vedette (16)

Similaire à Deep I-U-G Engagement for Knowledge Transfer

Similaire à Deep I-U-G Engagement for Knowledge Transfer (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Deep I-U-G Engagement for Knowledge Transfer