13. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-1 Read over Ch.7 in text Scientists contributing to the cell theory: -Hooke: first to use light microscope, looked at cork, called chambers “cells” (1665) -van Leeuwenhoek: first to observe organisms in pond water (1674) -Schleiden: concluded all plants made of cells (1838) -Schwann: concludes all animals are made of cells (1839) -Virchow: proposed that all cells come from existing cells (1855)
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15. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-1 Cell theory: -all living things are composed of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells Prokaryotes: -have cell membrane and cytoplasm, but NO NUCLEUS -all bacteria
16. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-1 -Eukaryotes: -have a nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm -have specialized organelles -include all plant, animal, fungi and many microbes
17. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-2 Cell Structures: -cell wall: found in many organisms including plants, algae, fungi and nearly all prokaryotes -main function is to provide support and protection -made from fibers of carbs and proteins (plant cell: cellulose) -nucleus: controls most cell processes and contains hereditary info DNA -chromatin: uncoiled chromosomes (coils when cell is about to divide)
18. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-2 Nucleolus: dense part of nucleus, makes ribosomes Cytoskeleton: network of protein filaments that helps cell maintain its shape; also involved in cell movement -microtubules: hollow tubes that can be “tracks” to move things -microfilaments: long thin fibers that function in movement and support
19. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-4 Ribosomes: makes proteins (found on rough ER) gets directions from RNA during protein synthesis Endoplasmic Reticulum: components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified Golgi Apparatus: (complex) enzymes found here attach carbs and lipids to proteins Lysosomes: filled with enzymes, break down compounds to be used as food particles
20. Topic: Cell Structure Unit 5-4 Vacuoles: used for storage (if small, sometimes called vesicles) Chloroplasts: use energy from sunlight to assemble water and carbon dioxide into glucose or energy rich compounds Mitochondria: use oxygen and water to produce ATP, the energy molecule of cells -do plants need mitochondria? Yes! Until a plant develops chloroplasts, it needs ATP to grow
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