This document provides guidelines for formatting a thesis or dissertation for submission to the Graduate School of Pangasinan State University. It includes specifications for pagination, chapter headings, theoretical frameworks, conceptual frameworks, statements of the problem, research hypotheses, scopes and delimitations, significance of the studies, and definitions of terms. Key requirements include using roman numerals for preliminaries and Arabic numerals for the body, providing theoretical justification, outlining a conceptual framework diagram, specifically stating research problems and sub-problems, and defining important terms. The document aims to standardize thesis/dissertation formatting for the Graduate School.

1. Republic of the Philippines
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Graduate School
Urdaneta City

2. • TITLE PAGE i
• CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL SHEET ii
• CERTIFICATE OF ADMISSION III
TO CANDIDACY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
• DEDICATION v
• TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
• LIST OF TABLES x
• LIST OF FIGURES xi
• ABSTRACT xii

3. ON PAGINATION
• In case of the preliminaries, use roman numerals for
the pagination. The page number should be typed at
the bottom of the page.
• Use Arabic in the case of main body up to curriculum
vitae. The chapter page should be at the bottom
while the succeeding pages should be at the per right
hand corner of the pages.

4. 1. Lectures, forum, journal and research reports and studies;
2. Problems in the organization, community and of the country
confronted by t he decision-maker, manager, planner, and the front
line workers;
3. Consultation and dialogues with advisors, professors, researchers,
etc;
4. Participation in university or agency-commissioned researchers;
5. Government programs and projects which need to be evaluated;
6. Priority research agenda circulated by government agencies like
the NEDA, CHED, DepEd, TESDA, DOST, etc
7. Replication studies

5. MDMPrinciples s and Processes of Development Management, Ethics and
Accountability in Public Service, Project Development & Management,
Human Resource Development & Management, Fiscal Administration,
Strategic Planning, Local Governance & Regional Administration,
Information Technology Management, Public Policy & Program
Management, Organizational Studies, Human Behavior in Organizations,
and Change and Disaster Management, Quality Assurance in Public
Service, Urban and Rural Development Planning, Policy Analysis,
Research, · Project Evaluation and Analysis, Program Design and
Implementation, · Community-based Resource Management, Knowledge
Management, · Conflict and Negotiation Management, · Planned Change
in Development, Qualitative and Quantitative Decision Making, Social
Entrepreneurship, · Social Marketing, Organizational Analysis,
Networking and Resource Mobilization, Strategic Human Resource
Management, Conflict Management, · Business Planning, Value Chain
Research, Enterprise Development, Project Development and Evaluation,
Marketing Planning,

6. Major:
Does the research problem contribute to the
development or improvement of the quality
of life of the people?

7. Minor:
1. Immediacy (timeliness)-is it urgent? Is it needed
now? do we need it or do we like it?
2. Relevance – Is it useful or functional to national,
regional and local development?
3. Availability of resources – Do we have sufficient
fund, facilities and expertise to undertake the
project? Can we derive external support?

8. 4. Accelerates development – Does it spur growth and
development in specific area or sector?, if so, in
what sector or area?
5. Positive bias towards the disadvantaged – Does it
help culturally and economically help the
disadvantaged more than the advantaged?
6. Availability of existing data (related data) How does
it integrate, complement, supplement, etc with
existing data, theory or practice?

9. 7. Obsolescence- How soon will the study be
finished? For how long is the subject matter of
the study last? Is the result still useful,
functional and workable?
8. Utility and future use – Are the research
useful now and in the future?

10. 1. The research topic should be presented to the GS
Panel Members (Dean, Adviser and 3 members),
with the option of inviting faculty members of
related disciplines.
2. The research topic should in consonance with the
curriculum being enrolled in.
3. The relevance, resources to the area of
specialization, capability and competence as well as
the background of the student

11. La Union Police Community
Relations on Global Warming

12. Rationale
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
Research Hypothesis
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms

13. Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Rationale
• Type the word Chapter 1 from the top of the page. The First
letter should be capitalized, bold, centered between margins,
and sue Arabic for the chapter numbered. The first page is
numbered at the bottom while the succeeding pages are the
upper right-hand of the page.
• Type the word THE PROBLEM in bold, capital letters, centered
between margins. It should be two single spaces from the
chapter number.

14. • Type the phrase Rationale in bold letters, three single
spaces from the chapter title. Only the first letter of
the important words should be capitalized aligned at
the left margin. The textual discussion is double
spaced.
• Global, National and Local situations
• Legal Bases
• Linking statement why the student would like to
conduct the study( Situation: problem or issue that
the program is to address sits within a setting or
situation from which priorities are set )

15. In Region I, the last three(3) typhoons
that hit the country was the central point of
the calamity and the province of La Union was
not exempted. Millions of properties were
heavily damaged and loss of lives were
experienced due to high level of waters in the
rivers, slides covered the highways and large
bridges were destroyed. These ere all caused
by environmental problems like deforestation,
river siltation, bad waste management and
the last typhoon that the hit Luzon area,
typhoons Cosme, Ondoy and Pepeng.

16. In the first district of La Union, the locale of this
study was also hardly hit the past three (3) typhoons.
The municipalities of Sudipen, Bangar, Luna, Balaoan
and San Gabriel were flooded because of the swelling
of the ambaruyan river. Every time there is a typhoon
in Region I the first district is not spared, hence this
researcher was challenged to study the La Union
Police Community Relations on Global Warming.
Justification/Clinching
Statement

17. All dissertations/thesis must be theory oriented and
must develop, test/validate or modify a theory.
• Theoretical Framework
Type the phrase Theoretical Framework. Only the first
of the important words are capitalized. The letters
should be bold. It is aligned at the left side. It should
be typewritten three single spaces from the last line
of the last topic included in the review of studies.
Use double space in the main text.

18. • The theory that the researcher used was
(name of theory). It was developed by ____
(identify the origin, source or developer of the
theory), and it was used to study ___ (identify
the topics where one finds the theory being
applied). This theory indicates that ___ (id the
propositions of hypotheses in the theory). As
applied to my study, this theory holds that I
would expect my independent

19. La Union Police Community Relations on Global
Warming
a program theory is an
explanation of how the program is
supposed to work and how it will
bring about the intended change
for the program's target audience
(Bickman, 1990; Rossi, Lipsey, &
Freeman, 2004). A logic model is a
visual representation-a diagram-of
the basic elements of the program
theory.

20. La Union Police Community Relations on Global
Warming• Logic models can take different forms,
but the distinctive format of listing
columns labeled Resources, Activities,
Outputs, Outcomes, and Impacts (or
similar categories) has been popularized
through efforts of numerous
organizations and evaluators, both
inside and outside of Extension (e.g.,
Bennett, 1975; United Way of America,
1996; University of Wisconsin-Extension,
2005; W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004).

21. Program Theory

22. Long Term
Outcomes

23. Links for Theory in Public
Admibistration
http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/theories-
in-public-administration-56856132
http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/theoretical
-framework-37836171
http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/theories-
in-public-administration

24. Conceptual Framework
• Type the Phrase Conceptual Framework in
bold letters. Only the first letter of the
important words is capitalized. It is left
aligned. It should be typewritten three single
spaces after the last of the Theoretical
Framework Use double space.

25. Conceptual Paradigm
• This should be written in separate page.
Write/place the figure number (Roman)
and title below the figure. Only the first
letters are capitalized.

26. La Union Police Community Relations on Global
Warming

27. External
Influences
Outcomes

30. • Situation: problem or issue that the program is to address sits
within a setting or situation from which priorities are set
• Inputs: resources, contributions and investments that are made in
response to the situation. Inputs lead to
• Outputs: the activities, services, events, and products that reach
people and users. Outputs lead to
• Outcomes: the results or changes for individuals, groups, agencies,
communities and/or systems.
• Assumptions: beliefs we have about the program, the people, the
environment and the way we think the program will work
• External Factors: environment in which the program exists includes
a variety of external factors that interact with and influence the
program action.

31. • Type boldly the phrase Statement of the Problem
three single spaces from the last line of the
Background of the Study, aligned at the margin. Only
the first letter of the important words should be
capitalized.
• The first paragraph is about the general statement of
the problem, written after two single spaces from
the sub-heading. The text should be double spaced.
In the case of specific problems they should
numbered. Every paragraph should be indebted by
around seven characters.

32. Statement of the Problem
This study sought to assess, the
implementation of La Union Police
Community Relations Programs and Projects
addressing the issues in La Union, basis for
proposed intervention measures for more
effective implementation of programs and
projects relative to solutions on global
warming.

33. Specifically it sought to answer the following sub-
problem
1.What is organizational profile of the Police Community
Relation in the province of La Union in terms of the following
1.1 manpower
1.2 programs/ projects
1.3 logistics
1.4 networking?
2. What is the level of effectiveness in the implementation of
the programs and projects by La Union Police Community
Relation addressing the issue of global warming for the past
three years 2007-2008-2009, in terms of the following.
2.1 planning
2.2 implementation of Programs/ Projects
2.3 monitoring?

34. 3. How does the community residents of the first
district of La Union perceived the level of
effectiveness of the LU-PNP in addressing the issue
of global warming along
3.1 Planning
3.2 Implementation of Programs/ projects
3.3 Monitoring?
4. What are the problems being encountered by the
PNP in the implementation of the Police
Community Relations Office in the 2nd district of La
Union in addressing global warming and how
serious are these?

35. 5. Based on the findings whet intervention
measures can be proposed for a more
effective implementation of the Police
Community Relations.

36. • Type the phrase Research Hypothesis three single
spaces after the last line of the statement of the
problem. The first letter of the important words
should be capitalized and bold. It is aligned at the left
side. The main text should be double space
The La Union PNP-PCR programs can contribute in
the prevention and solutions to global warming.

37. • Type the phrase significance of the Study three
single spaces after the last line of the Research
Hypothesis. The first letter of the important words
should be capitalized and bold. It is aligned at the left
side. This should contain both theoretical and
practical significance. The text should be double
spaces.
• The addressee of the Significance of the Study should
be written in bold letters and followed by a period
intended five single spaces from the left and only the
first letter is capitalized.

38. Findings of this study benefits the following entities/ individuals.
Philippine National Police. This study benefits the Philippine National
Police in their quest to improve their programs relative to the issue of global
warming and as reference for policy directions and redirections.
La Union Police provincial Office. This serves as the basis for the La
Union Police Office to improve the programs/projects addressing problems
of the environment for sustainable development.
Local Government Units. This study provides inputs to the LGUs
planning on environmental programs for the first district of La Union.
Community. It serves as support to the existing activities of the various
barangays in line with the conservation and preservation of national
resources.
Other government agencies. This study serves as references for all
researchers in proposing programs and policies relative to the solutions of
issues on global warming.
Researcher Himself. It serves as his best contribution to all the people
of the first district of La Union and to its mother agency the PNP.

39. • Type the phrase Scope and Delimitation of the
Study three single spaces after the last line of
the Significance of the Study. The first letter of
the important words should be capitalized and
bold. The text should be double spaces.

40. This study is focused on the implementation of the La Union PNP
Police Community Relations Programs and projects addressing issues on
global warming in the first district of La Union. It includes organizational
set-up of the Police Community Relations in terms of manpower,
programs and projects, monitoring and networking, the level of
implementation of the PCR programs and projects by the LU-PPO in
addressing issues on global warming, the effectiveness of the PCR
programs as perceived by the community residents of the first district of
La Union and the problems encountered by the La Union PNP in the
implementation of the identities programs an projects on global warming.
This study covers the last three years of implementation of the
programs and projects addressing issues on global warming. The
respondents are the PNP Personnel assigned in the first district, the PCR
Personnel and the community residents of the first district represented by
the Barangay Captains. Non- government offices and the church leaders.
It is delimited in the preparation of the proposed intervention
measures to improve the level of implementation of the programs and
projects addressing the issues on global warming.

41. • Type the phrase definition of terms three spaces
after the last line of the scope and delimitation of the
study. The first of the important words should be
capitalized and bold. It is aligned with the left
margin. The first letter of the terms should be
capitalized. The terms in title of the study should be
defined first followed by the most important
variables. Use double spaces and indent five spaces
from the left. Do not number the terms.

42. Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined
operationally for more clarity and better
understanding of the readers on this
study.
La Union Police Community Relations on
Global Warming
La Union
Police Community Relations
Global Warming
Police Community Relations

43. 1.What is the organizational profile of the Police
Community Relation in the province of La Union in terms of
the following
1.1 manpower
1.2 programs/ projects
1.3 logistics
1.4 networking?
organizational profile
manpower
programs/ projects
logistics
networking
manpower
Logistics

44. What are the terms to be to defined?
3. What is the level of effectiveness in the
implementation of the programs and projects by
La Union Police Community Relation addressing
the issue of global warming for the past three
years 2007-2008-2009, in terms of the following.
2.1 planning
2.2 implementation of Programs/ Projects
2.3 monitoring?

45. 3. How does the community residents of
the first district of La Union perceived
the level of effectiveness of the LU-PNP
in addressing the issue of global
warming along
3.1 Planning
3.2 Implementation of Programs/
projects
3.3 Monitoring?
What are the terms to be to defined?

46. Level of Effectiveness
Factors in Determining Project Effectiveness
5 4 3 2 1
100% 80% 60% 40% 20%
1. Project Mission clearly defined gods and general directions.
2. Top Management Support-Willingness of top management to
provide the necessary resources and authority power for
project success.
3. Project Scheduled Plan-A detailed specification of the
individual actions steps for project implementation. .
4. Client Consultation-Communication, consultation, and active
listening to all impacted parties
5. Personnel-Recruitment, selection, and training of the
necessary personnel for the project team
6. Technical Tasks-Availability of the required technology and
expertise to accomplish the specified technical action steps
7. Client Acceptance-The act of "selling" the final project to its
ultimate intended users.
8. Monitoring and Feedback-Timely provision of comprehensive
control information at each stage in the implementation
process
9. Communication-The provision of an appropriate network and
necessary data to all key actors in the project implementation
10. Troubleshooting-Ability to handle unexpected crises and
deviations from plan.

47. Level of effectiveness in program
implementation refers to clearly defines
project mission, top management support,
project scheduled plan, client consultation,
quality personnel, technical tasks, client
acceptance, monitoring of feedbacks,
communication and prevention and
intervention measured as 81-100% as highly
effective; 61-80 % (+) effective; 41-60 as (-)
effective; 21-40% slightly effective; and below
20% Ineffective

48. 4. What are the problems being encountered by the
PNP in the implementation of the Police Community
Relations Office in the 2nd district of La Union in
addressing global warming and how serious are
these?
What are the terms to be to defined?

49. 5. Based on the findings whet intervention
measures can be proposed for a more
effective implementation design to by the
Police Community Relations.
What are the terms to be to defined?

50. La Union Police Community Relations. It refers to the
branch of the Police Provincial Office that is in-charge in
undertaking community oriented activities essential for
partnership with the community.
Global Warming. It refers to the most popular issue on
earth being felt by the people as a result of over use, mis use
and abused environment caused by the people themselves.
Planning. Refers to the strategies of the La Union PNP-
PCR in framing up program relative to global warming.
Program/ Projects. It refers to the on- going programs
and projects contributory in addressing the issues on global
warming.

51. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
Related Literature
Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Related Studies
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies

52. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
• Type the word chapter 2 at the top of the page and placed in
the centre.
• The first letter should be capitalized, bold and use Arabic for
the chapter number.
• Type the phrase REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES three single spaces from the chapter number.
All letters are capitalized, bold and placed in the
center.
• There should be an introductory paragraph which
follows.
Chapter 2

53. Related Literature
Type the phrase Related Literature three single
spaces after the last of the introductory paragraph of
the chapter. For subheadings, only the first letter of
the important words should be capitalized and all
letters are bold. It is left aligned and occupy at most
half of the centerline and in single space if more,
than one line.
Present reviewed literature by topics. The lines
should be double space.

54. Related Studies
• Type the phrase Related Studies in bold letters. Only
the first letter of the important words should be
capitalized. It is aligned left at the left side. It should
be typewritten three single spaces from the last line
of last topic included in the review of literature.
• Present reviewed studies by topics. The lines should
be double space.

55. 3. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Respondents of the Study
Research Instrument and its Validation
Statistical Treatment of Data

56. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• The first letter of the word Chapter should be capitalized and
use Arabic for the Chapter number, It should be placed at the
top of the page and placed in the center. It should be bold.
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• All letters of the word RESEARCH METHODOLOGY are
capitalized bold and placed in the center, It should be three
single spaces from the chapter number. Three should be an
introductory paragraph, double spaced which follows.
Chapter 3

57. • Only the first letter of the important words is capitalized. Use
bold letters. It is aligned at the left side. It should be three
single spaces from the last line of the introductory paragraph.
Use double space in the text.
• In experimental research, aside from the research design it
should also include the materials place of the study, and
treatments. These topics should be intended.
• Only the first letter of the important words is capitalized. Use
bold letters. It is aligned at the left side. Should be three single
spaces from the last line of the research design. Use double
space in the text.

58. Respondents of the Study
• Only the first letter of the important words is
capitalized. Use bold letters. It is left aligned. It
should be three single spaces from the last
line of the Respondents of the study. Use
double space in the text.

59. Research Instrument and its Validation
• Only the first letter of the important words is
capitalized. Use bold letters. It is aligned. It
should be three single spaces from the last
line of the paragraph under data gathering
instrument. The text should be double spaced.

60. Statistical Treatment of Data
• Only the first letter of the important words is
capitalized. Bold letters are to be used. It is
left aligned . it should be three single spaces
from the last line of the paragraph under
gathering procedure . the text should be
double. Spaced.

61. PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
• The first letter of the word Chapter should be capitalized
and use Arabic for the chapter number. It should start at
the top of the page and placed in the center. It should be
bold.
• For the title, all letters are capitalized, bold and placed in
the center there should be three spaces from the chapter
title and number. There should be an introductory
paragraph which is double spaced.
• The sub-headings which are left aligned should be written
in bold and should be presented in accordance with the
statement of the problem.
• The table number and title should be at the center and in
inverted pyramid form. In case of experimental research,
the table number should be intended pyramid single spaces
from the left margin and to be follow by the table title. In
case of two line- title the second line should be intended 4
spaces from the first letter of the first line.

62. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• The first letter of the word Chapter should be
capitalized and use Arabic for the chapter number. It
should start at the top of the page and placed in the
center. it should be bold.
• For the CHAPTER TITLE, all letters are capitalized,
bold and placed in the center. It should be three
single spaces from the chapter title and number.
There should be an introductory paragraph which is
double spaces.
•

63. • The word SUMMARY should be at the center and capitalized. It
should include the general and specific problems of the study in
paragraph form. it should also include the null hypothesis, research
design and statistical tools used in the study.
• The phrase SALIENT FINDINGS is also at the center and all letters
capitalized. There should be a brief introductory paragraph. Each
finding should be numbered and arranged according to the specific
problems in the study.
• The CONCLUSION is also at the center and all letters capitalized.
There should be a brief introductory paragraph. Each conclusion
should be numbered and should correspond to the problem
statement/objectives of the study.
• The word RECOMMENDATIONS is also at the center and all letters
capitalized. There should be a brief introductory paragraph. each
recommendation should be numbered and should correspond to
the problem state/objectives of the study and conclusion if
necessary.

64. • The bibliography should be written in capital letters, bold, and placed at
the centre. It should be classified as to books, magazines, unpublished
materials and others sources. These classifications should be at the center
and capitalized.
• In the case of the books, start with the author, title of the book, and place
of publication and year.
• For journals, author first. Title of the article, journal title, volume and
number and year of publication.
• For unpublished thesis/dissertation write the author title of the
thesis/dissertation, institution and year.
• In case of electronic sources, website, article, source if any and year are to
be included.
• Other sources include results on interview and discussion with experts
indicate topic discussed, name of interviewee and date.

65. A. BOOKS
Abueva, Jose V. The Philippines Into the 21st Century: 1998
Future Scenario for Governance, Democracy and
Development 1998-2005. Philippines: University of the
Philippines Press

66. B. JOURNALS AND PERIODICALS
ACCU News Volume 37 No. 2 April-June 2006 P O Box 24-171 2006
Bangkok 10240 Thailand. 2006. AWCF Trainer’s Manual on
Transformative Leadership Training for Cooperatives:
Transformative Cooperatives, Asian, Women in
Cooperative Development Forum, NATCCO. 227
JP Rizal St Project 4, 1109 Quezon City, Philippines 2001
Simon, Herbert A.
1946 “The Proverbs of Administration” Public Administration Review.
American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Washington, D.C.
UP NCPAG

67. • Creswell, John W. (2003) Research Design.
Second Edition. SAGE Publication

68. C. UNPUBLISHED MASTERS THESES AND
DISERTATION
Beltejar Aida P. Caring for the Workers. Phycosocial
2015 Support to Humanitarian Workers in Coping
with Disaster. The Case of the Philippine Red
Cross in the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban

69. D. ELECTRONIC SOURCES
ADB’s Elements of Governance
http://www.adb.org/Governance/gov_elements.asp#participation

70. • The word Appendices should be written in
bold, capitalized letters and placed in the
center. It includes the letters, data gathering
instrument, maps appendix table, and other
materials used which are not the main body.

71. A. Requesting for Content Validation of
Questionnaire
B. Requesting for Permission to Conduct
Research Letter
C. Questionnaire
APPENDICES

72. • The word CURRICULUM VITAE should be
written in bold. Capitalized letters and placed
in the center, it contains the name, address,
birthday, birthplace, civil status, name of
parents, name of spouse (if applicable). Name
of children (if applicable). Educational
attainment, eligibility and work
experience/extra curricular activities.