Working at heights training powerpoint

We therefore, request that you make yourself conversant with this guide and apply the principles and rules when you have to conduct work in elevated places.

Questions pertaining to the general fitness of the candidates.
Please answer the general fitness questionnaire honestly and sign the declaration at the bottom of the page.
Hand it back to the facilitator.

REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKING AT HEIGHTS (1)
No person may work in any unguarded area or place where the possibility exists that he or she may fall 2 meteror more unless they are protected from injury by the use of fall protection equipment that is connected to an approved anchor point

REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKING AT HEIGHTS (cont 2.)
Such a person must :
(a) Be trained and found competent in the correct use of fall protection equipment.
(b) Be authorized in writing to use such equipment by having a certificate of training and authorization (Working at Heights License)

A pre-work HIRA must always be carried out before working at heights
This pre-work HIRA must take the following into account:
Tools and Equipment that will be required
State the measures to prevent tools & equipment from falling from heights
Any other securing methods determined as needed for this purpose.

A Clearance to Work Permit must always be obtained before proceeding to work at Heights.

The danger zone below the position at which people are working in elevated position, must be demarcated with yellow and black striped barrier tape or hard barricading in order to restrict normal access to this area.

The standard Check list (Appendix 1) must be used as a tool to identify the Hazards for working at heights before making use of fall protection equipment.
(Refer to next slide)

CHECKLIST TO ASSIST IN IDENTIFYING HAZARD BEFORE WORKING AT HEIGHTS
Y
N
ASSOCIATED RISK CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
1
Is there a possibility of tools, objects or persons falling?
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… …………………
2
Has the possibility of weather and/or other environmental conditions influencing the safety of working conditions been considered (e.g. wind, rain, snow, dust, gasses, poor lighting, temperature, etc.)?
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… …………………
3
Is the equipment selected appropriate?
Note: If fall arrest equipment is used, no person may work alone!
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… …………………
4
Are the anchor and tie-off points appropriate?
Note: If dedicated anchor points are not available, a competent person needs to identify, asses and provide temporary anchor points and sign off the HIRA
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………
5
Is a temporary anchor point required?
If applicable (yes) the name and signature of the competent person who provided the temporary anchor point must be included.
Name:……………………………….
Signature:……………………………
6
Is the condition of supporting structures such as roof sheeting and/or structural members acceptable?
i.e. have you considered that the roof sheets or structural members may collapse?
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… …………………
7
Is the selection of barricading, demarcation and/or guarding correct?
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… …………………
8
Did you check the fall clearances?
1.Lanyard length?
2.Shock absorber tear out distance?
3.Distance from anchoring point to ground, platform or nearest object / structure below?
4.The possibility of excessive swing?
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… ………
9
Does any person suffer from vertigo (tendency to loose balance), fear of heights, medical conditions or epilepsy?
Are there any person exceeding the specified weight of a harness with associated equipment?
Note: No such person may work at heights, if the answer to any of the adjacent questions (section 9) is “yes”
10
Has reference been made to the emergency preparedness procedure in terms of being aware of the Rescue Plan and availability of resources and equipment in the event of a fall?
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… …………………
This Checklist must be attached to the Pre-Work HIRA carried out by the Responsible Person/ArtisanNote –An additional HIRA must be undertaken for any changes that may occur for the planned work. APPENDIX 1: CHECKLIST TO ASSIST IN IDENTIFYING HAZARDS BEFORE WORKING AT HEIGHTS

No person may work alone where the use of fall protection equipment is required.
In order to allow for at least one person always being present who can call for assistance in the event of an emergency.

REQUIREMENTS FOR WORKING AT HEIGHTS (cont 8)
When a person is working at heights, he or she must always wear a hard hat fitted with a chin strap, in addition to the normal PPE and the Spider Webb Harness.

The difference between Fall Arrest and Fall Restraint systems
Refer to next slide

Fall Arrest
Body Harness
Lanyard
Lifelines (Vertical & horizontal)
Anchor Points
Shock absorbers
Deceleration devices
Drop lines
It is a system to prevent injuries by means of arresting an inadvertent fall . (by preventing a person from hitting the ground at a high speed.)
Fall Restraint
Body Harness
Lanyard
Lifelines (Vertical & horizontal)
Anchor Points
It is a system preventing injuries by means of preventing a person who works within 2 meter from the edge of a height from inadvertently falling off the edge.

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO ANCHOR POINTS

ANCHOR POINTS 1
Fixed Anchor Points for connecting harness lanyards for routine work are marked as:
15 kN for single persons
21 kN where two people may connect to the same anchor point.

ANCHOR POINTS 2
Arrangements when no permanent Anchor point has been provided.
Only a qualified Rigger or other Artisan, delegated the function by the responsible Engineer.
Must identify and approve the method by which and the place where a temporary anchor point may be provided for fall protection equipment.

ANCHOR POINTS 3
Each temporary anchor point
must be capable to:
 Withstanding a load of 15 kN
 It may only be used by one
person
 It must be removed upon
completion of the work for
which it was intended for.

ANCHOR POINTS 4
3.2 The following may not be used as anchor
points because their design strength will
not arrest a fall.
 Ladder rungs
 Cable trays
 Steel or plastic piping
 Un tested and
un-marked Hand rails and handrail support

ANCHOR POINTS 5
3.3Specially designed and marked handrails and handrail supports may be used as anchor points.

ANCHOR POINTS 6
Any person intending to connect
fall arrest equipment to an Anchor
Point must:
 Inspect the general condition of
the anchor points before use.
 Should any defects be identified
on the anchor point, the anchor
point may not been used, tag it
with a standard DANGER tag as
Unsuitable for use.
 Report the defects with out delay
to the responsible Engineer via
your Forman/Supervisor
DA N G E R
THIS
ISOLATION DEVICE
- Circuit Breaker - Valve – Gate -
- Other Locked Device-
MUST NOT BE
OPERATED
SEE OTHER SIDE
DA N G E R
THIS:…………………………………………
MUST NOT BE OPERATED
REASON………………………………………
…………………………………………….……
…………………………………………….……
………………………………………….………
………………………………………….………
DATE:…………….. Phone No.:……...……...……..
Name:…………………..…Signed:…...…..………..
CONFIRMATION OF WORK COMPLETED
………………………….. ……….………….………
Artisan/Person - (RESPONSIBLE) - Operator
THIS DANGER TAG HAS BEEN FIXED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURE
FOR ISOLATION, LOCK-OUT AND
CLEARANCE TO WORK – ONLY THE
UNDERSIGNED MAY REMOVE THE TAG
SMELTER……………………………...……..
SECTION……………………………………..
Reinforced Engagement
Eyes - 8mm Dia.

ANCHOR POINTS.
(Cont 6.)
 Check that the anchor
point about to be
used is located in a
position that will
minimize swing
during an inadvertent
fall.

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO FULL BODY HARNESS, LANYARDS, SHOCK ABSORBERS AND CONNECTORS

FULL BODY HARNESS etc (i)
Persons required to use these type of fall arrest equipment must be trained in the correct use thereof.
If a trained person is unsure of anything, he must refer to his training material and ask his Foreman/Supervisor for additional coaching in such a case.

FULL BODY HARNESS etc. (ii)
The fall arrest equipment must be checked before use using the Standard checklist for this purpose.
The correct inspection colour code. If tag is found to be incorrect or any other defect was identified on the equipment. Do not use it, but tag it “DANGER-UN- SUITABLEFOR USE” and take it back to the responsible Rigger for inspection.

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO LIFELINES

LIFELINES 1
Persons required to make use of lifelines must always maintain a positive connection with the life line.
The compulsory use of dual (Y type) lanyards allows for a positive connection to be maintained while crossing intermediate lifeline anchor points
Working directly above persons who are anchored to a lifeline is not permitted

LIFELINES 2
Vertical Lifelines
Persons required to make use of a vertical lifeline must use a lanyard which has a Sternal connection to the safety harness,
without a shock absorber which allows for minimal free fall distance to be connected to the lifeline‟s “lock and arrest device”

LIFELINES 3
BEFORE USING THE SYSTEM, IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT YOU, HAVE BEEN INSTRUCTED AND ASSESSED COMPETENT IN THE CORRECT USE OF THE “LOCK AND ARREST” DEVISE
An additional Certificate is required

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO SCAFFOLDS

WORKING AT HEIGHT RELATED FATALITY
A TMS Scaffold team were erecting a hanging scaffold approximately 15m above ground level.
Before lunch, the team was instructed by their supervisor to clean up the site and to return later to make changes to a scaffold beam.
The deceased decided to climb over a handrail onto process piping and attempted to support himself on a valve spindle protection cover.
He attempted to secure his grip with his left hand by holding onto the valve while‟st holding the safety harness hooks in his right hand he lost his grip and subsequently fell and was fatally injured.
Although he had his full body safety harness on him, he did not tie off (hook up) to the structure 100% of the time as required.

Pipe climbed on by deceasedValve used as support

SCAFFOLDS 1
When persons are working with in the safety of the guardrails of an approved scaffold or elevated work platform, the use of fall arrest equipment is not required,
BUT

SCAFFOLDS 2
BUT
If the work being carried out requires that any person leans through, against, over or beyond the safety of the guard rails, then such persons are required to use fall arrest equipment.

SCAFFOLDS 3
A hard hat with a chin strap must always be warn by any person on a scaffold.

SCAFFOLDS 4
When any work is performed from any scaffold, persons required to use the scaffold should know:-
Scaffold must only be used for the purpose for which it was erected

SCAFFOLDS 5
The safe loading of the scaffold i.e. the load of persons, equipment and machinery will be displayed on the “Safe to Use" scaffold notice.

SCAFFOLDS 6
That unauthorized alterations shall not be made to the scaffold.
The scaffold must NEVER be accessed by climbing up on the outside of the scaffold i.e. only the access ladder installed on the inside of the scaffold may be used.

SCAFFOLDS 7
Trap doors placed at platform landing openings are safety devices that prevent persons, tools or equipment from falling through the opening. Therefore any person who opens a trap door in order to access or egress from a platform must close the trap door behind them.

SCAFFOLDS 8
Working platforms need to be kept clear from debris and obstructions, especially at platform ladder access and egress points

SCAFFOLDS 9
Only a scaffold that has been declared “SAFE FOR USE” by the designated scaffold inspector may be accessed.

SCAFFOLDS 10
Scaffold that has been declared UNSAFE must never be accessed.
Incomplete or defective scaffold must never be accessed.

SCAFFOLDS 11
“SAFE TO USE and UNSAFE SCAFFOLD” signs are displayed adjacent to scaffold access points.
If the “Safe to Use” signs are not displayed, the scaffold may not be accessed. textSCAFFOLD UNSAFETHIS SCAFFOLD IS UNSAFE BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING: ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… …………………………….……...…………………... text DONOT USE DONOTUSE DONOTUSETHIS SCAFFOLD – THESCAFFOLDISUNSAFE (FRONT) SCAFFOLD SAFE TO USESCAFFOLD SAFE TO USE(FRONT) DECLARED SAFE BY SIGNATURE DATEHEAVY DUTY kg/m² TOTAL MAXIMUM LOAD kg. MAXIMUM LOAD PER PLATFORM kg.

MOVABLE SCAFFOLD 1
Where movable scaffolds, supported by caster wheels are used, persons required to use these scaffolds should know:

MOVABLE SCAFFOLD 2
The scaffold must remain level and plumb at all times.
The scaffold must never be accessed until all castors are locked to prevent movements

MOVABLE SCAFFOLD 3
The scaffold position must never be moved while anyone is on the scaffold.
The scaffold should be kept well clear from over head power lines, open floor edges, floor holes and a soft base (e.g. soft soil) that is unable to support the scaffold.

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS

ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS 1
The following Equipment fall under Elevated work platforms, but are not limited to these:
•Scissor lifts
•Hydraulic boom lifts
•Cherry pickers and
•Travel towers

Hydraulic boom lift and man cage

When using an Elevating Work Platform, the following conditions must be complied with:
A Pre work HIRA Must be conducted.

A Clearance to work permit must be obtained from the responsible operator.
The responsible person, authorized to operate the Elevating Work platform must be in attendance at all times.

Personal Safety Harnesses must be attached by all persons in the Elevating Work Platform.
All persons in the Elevating Work Platform must wear a hard hat secured with a chin strap.

A method by which tools and equipment are secured to prevent them from falling must be in place.
The danger zone below must be barricaded with Yellow and Black striped tape or hard barricading.

A General pre work inspection must be carried out on the Elevating Work Platform by the authorized operator.
No person my attempt to leave the Work Platform while being lifted.

Where a mobile Elevating Platform is used, the machine must be on stable ground, correctly positioned with the parking brakes engaged.

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO WORK BASKETS

WORK BASKETS 1
The following Equipment fall under Work Baskets, but are not limited to these:
Work Box
Boatswain‟s chair
Cradle
Cage
Any other conveyance suspended from a crane in order to provide elevated work access to persons

WORK BASKETS 2
When a person has to use a Work Basket, the following conditions need to be adhered to.

WORK BASKETS 3
Conditions
A Pre work HIRA Must be conducted
A Clearance to work permit must be obtained from the Responsible Operator

WORK BASKETS 4
Conditions (Cont)
A rescue plan to retrieve any persons stuck in a suspended work basket must be in place.
The responsible Rigger /Supervisor must be in attendance at all times.

WORK BASKETS 5
Conditions (Cont)
The responsible Engineer or a person delegated this function by the Engineer must authorize any intended use of a crane and Work Basket.

WORK BASKETS 6
Conditions (Cont)
Only the competent person/s designated by the Engineer or the foreman may give hand signals to the crane operator and receive signals from the operator.

WORK BASKETS 7
•Conditions (Cont)
All persons on the Work basket must attach their personal harnesses to the crane hook or temporary anchor attached to the crane hook
All persons in the Work Basket must wear a hard hat secured with a chin strap.

WORK BASKETS 8
A method by which tools and equipment are secured must be in place to prevent them from falling.
The danger zone below must be barricaded with Yellow and Black striped tape or hard barricading.

WORK BASKETS 9
Conditions (Cont)
A general pre-work inspection must be carried out on the crane by the crane operator and on the work basked by the Responsible Rigger.

WORK BASKETS 10
No person may attempt to leave the Work Basket while in an elevated position.
The crane must be on stable ground with parking brakes engaged and out riggers correctly deployed.

WORK BASKETS 11
Appendix 5 Authorization to operate and designation of a mobile crane for the purpose of lifting persons in a Work Basked ??

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO STAIRS AND FIXED LADDERS

STAIRS AND FIXED LADDERS 1
STAIR CLIMBING
It is a fact that only two point contact is possible when we walk normal taking normal steps.

STAIR CLIMBING
Just think about it! When you are climbing up or down stairs and not using the hand rails, every time you lift a foot to take the next step you only have one point contact. Now think again how vulnerable you are being in a hurry, running down stairs with your hands filled with what ever you have in them.

STAIR CLIMBING
AS FAR AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE
MAINTAIN AT LEAST A THREE POINT CONTACT
when climbing up or down any stairs.

Fixed Ladders
Any person intending to use a fixed ladder must as far as reasonably practicable:
Visually check the condition of the ladder prior to use (climbing) and continuously during use.

Fixed Ladders
Maintain three point contact at all times
Carrying tools in an approved and safe manner that does not interfere with you maintaining a three point contact while using the ladder.

Fixed Ladders
Ensure that a safe and approved method is used for the raising and lowering of equipment and /or heavy tools from one landing to the following where work is carried out on an elevated platform that is accessed by means of a fixed ladder.

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO FLOOR OPENINGS

FLOOR OPENINGS 1
Where guardrails or floor opening covers are temporarily removed, the area into which persons could fall must be:
Demarcated with Yellow and Black striped barrier tape.
As far as is reasonably practicable a person must be on guard to prevent persons from entering this hazardous area.

FLOOR OPENINGS 2
All temporary floor openings that are required to be open for more than 24 hours must be guarded by:
Hard barricading with appropriate signage or,
By means of Yellow and Black striped barrier tape with a person in attendance to prevent inadvertent entry into the danger zone.

FLOOR OPENINGS
•If you are unsure what hard barricading or signage to use, ask your Foreman or Supervisor to inform and assist you

SAFE WORK REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO PORTABLE LADDERS

PORTABLE LADDERS
1
PORTABLE LADDERS
REFER TO
 Straight ladders
Extension and
Single
 Step or ”A” frame
ladders
 Trestle Ladders
 Stage ladder or
platform ladders

PORTABLE LADDERS 2
Standard Pre Conditions for using any portable ladder.
Conduct a Pre-Work HIRA
Before you use any portable ladder first inspect it visually if you find any defects, DO NOT USE that ladder. Report the results as part of your Pre Work HIRA

PORTABLE LADDERS 3
Pre Conditions (cont)
No Metal ladder my be used in the Anglo Platinum Smelters.
No Person may be alone when working on a ladder

PORTABLE LADDERS 4
Pre Conditions (cont)
Before using any ladder check the soles of your safety boots / shoes and ensure that it is not slippery due to excessive wear or contaminated with oil, grease, liquid detergent, mud, etc

PORTABLE LADDERS 5
Importance of maintaining awareness while working on a ladder.
Three point contact should always be maintained while climbing up or down a ladder
Maintain a safe footing and posture at all times, especially in the case of side reaching
Over reaching must be avoided by ensuring that side reaching never places any portion of your body frame excluding your arms but including your shoulders outside the vertical planes of the ladder stiles

PORTABLE LADDERS6
Importance of maintaining awareness while working on a ladder. (Cont)
A person standing on a ladder should never exert a force against or from another fixed object, sufficient to create a counter force that could destabilize his ladder. Causing it to fall.
This is particularly important when exerting a side force such as pushing or pulling against a spanner situated outside of the vertical plane of the ladder„s stiles.
?

PORTABLE LADDERS7
The counter forces of a heavy sledge hammer swung onto a solid object could destabilize the safe posture or footing of a worker on a ladder. Only use a light tool hammer when working from a ladder.
Every person using a portable ladder must avoid fatigue and loss of awareness of the importance of maintaining a safe footing and work posture by taking short breaks.
If the work was planed to take longer than 30 minutes continuously on the ladder. An alternative work platform must be used e.g.. Scaffold, Ladder stage, etc.

PORTABLE LADDERS 8
If found that alternative methods for providing access at the required height are not practicable or possible, the following arrangement will then apply:
The person on the ladder should time him self so that a short break is taken every 30 minutes for approximately five minutes.
He or she should not spend more than 30 minutes working from a ladder for any continuous period.
It is important to avoid being overcome by fatigue by maintaining an adequate intake of liquids. During the 5 minute breaks. Drink between 100ml to 300ml of water during hot and humid weather conditions.

PORTABLE LADDERS9
The use of portable ladders must be restricted to providing work access where:
If it was found that alternative methods for providing access at the require height are not practicable or possible.
A pre work HIRA has been carried out to identify the hazards and control the risks associated with the work to be done from the ladder. The pre work HIRA must always consider the support /loading requirements of the equipment being worked on, the duration of the required work and alternative to using a ladder. ( Including trestle ladders) where practicable.

PORTABLE LADDERS 11
Extension or single (straight) ladders should as far as reasonably practicable, only be used as a means of access or egress from a work area
Each portable extension or single (straight) ladder must be examined before use by the person who intends using it. If any damage or other defects are found, ”DO NOT USE IT”

Portable Ladders 12
Extension or single (straight) ladders
Any portable extension or single (straight) ladder must be set up on a surface that is solid and stable in a manner that will prevent the ladder from slipping

Portable Ladders 13
Extension or single (straight) ladders
Slipping of portable extension or single (straight) ladders can be prevented by:
•Placing the straight ladders at a slope op 4 to 1
•Ensuring that the ladder is secured at the top and feet.
•Never placing or resting upper section of the ladder against glass or any other surface that can give way

Portable Ladders 14
Step or A-frame step ladders
Step ladders may only be used in the fully open position and a person may not carry out work, climb step or stand in a position higher than the third rung from the top of the ladder.
Only light work may be carried out while standing on a step ladder.
?

Portable Ladders 15
Step or A-frame step ladders
Each step ladder must be examined before use by the person intending to use it. The ladder MAY NOT be used if any damage or other defects were found.
Each step ladder must be set up on a surface that is solid and stable in a manner that will eliminate any instability of the step ladder while in use.

Portable Ladders 15
Trestle Ladders
Work may not be performed from the work platform of a trestle ladder unless the trestle ladder has edge protection, regardless of the height.
Trestle ladders may only be used in their fully open position.

Portable Ladders 16
Trestle Ladders
Each trestle ladder must be examined before use by the person intending to use it. The ladder MAY NOT be used if any damage or other defects were identified.
Each trestle ladder must be set up on a surface that is solid and stable in a manner that will eliminate any instability of the trestle ladder while in use.

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