history of the calculator

1. History of the Calculator related to Education By: John Chambless

2. Overview In this presentation we will discuss the origin of the Calculator. How the Calculator has evolved in today’s modern world. Last , What will happened to the Calculator’s future?

3. What is this?

4. The Abacus The first calculator Today it is still debated whether the Babylonians or the Chinese invented it. Used before written numeral system invented. Constructed from a wooden frame with beads sliding on wires. Still used by some merchants, fishermen and clerks in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere.

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6. Napier’s Bones An abacus created by John Napier for calculation. Invented in 1614. Used for multiplication and division.

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8. Slide Rule Invented in 1622 by William Oughtred. Allows multiplication and division operations to be carried out significantly faster. People who sent the space shuttle Apollo to the moon used the slide rule for their calculations which was in 1961.

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10. Calculating Clock Invented in 1623 by Wihelm Schickard. Known as the first mechanical calculator. The calculator was made from cogs and gears which were normally used for clocks. It was the size of a typewriter. It could add, subtract, multiply, and divide to up to six-digit numbers.

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12. Pascaline Invented in 1642 by Blaise Pascal Pascal invented it to reduce his father’s tax work load. Used for taxes in France until 1799

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14. Arithmometer Invented in 1820 by Thomas de Colmar. Was put into production in 1851. It is was only mechanical calculator in commercial production for thirty years and sold all over the world from 1851 to 1878.

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16. ANITA Invented in 1961. Was the world’s first all-electronic desktop calculator. The ANITA had a full keyboard. It used vacuum tubes and cold-cathode switching tubes in their logic circuits and nixie tubes for their numerical displays.

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18. Busicom LE-120A “HANDY” Was marketed in 1971 and made in Japan. The first truly pocket-sized electronic calculator to use and LED display. Even though it was the first pocket-sized calculator it had problems with the display and never went on sale.

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20. Casio FX-7000G The first graphing calculator released in 1985. It came with 422 bytes of memory. It could store up to ten programs in 10 program slots.

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22. TI-89 The TI-89 was developed in 1998. The TI-89 is a graphing calculator. It allows symbolic manipulation of algebraic expressions which makes it capable to solve in of variables. TI-89 has it’s own direct programmable language called TI-BASIC.

23. Conclusion As you can see the history of calculators has been around all the way back to the Babylonians times. The Calculator has played a major part of ancient history which influence the modern world. Without the advancement of the calculator we could be using different methods to calculator complex equations which are done easily on today’s graphing calculators. I believe future calculators will be able to mathematically calculate foreign currency. Some how they will be able to access wireless to internet to get updated currency rates and mathematically calculate them for travelers.