Powerpoint for Euro class students in Terminale EURO Ang-HG

1. Globalization and migratoryGlobalization and migratory
flowsflows
The US -MexicanThe US -Mexican
borderborder
NAFTANAFTA
Illegal ImmigrationIllegal Immigration

2. World Migration and Immmigration Tendencies
United Nations report 2012
Despite the phenomenon ofDespite the phenomenon of
globalisation and theglobalisation and the
outsourcing of production andoutsourcing of production and
jobs to south east Asia and thejobs to south east Asia and the
other emerging worldother emerging world
economies, the USA continueseconomies, the USA continues
to be the country which attractsto be the country which attracts
the most immigrants in thethe most immigrants in the
world.world.

3. The US-Mexico Border – Le Frontera – Facts and Figures
The US-Mexico border is the international border between the two states. It has a
length of 1969 miles or just over 3000 km.
It is the most frequently crossed border in the world with over 250 million people
crossing every year.
It runs from San Diego / Tijuana on the Pacific coast to Brownsville / Matamoros in the
Gulf of Mexico.
Between these two extremities, the border crosses different terrains: the Rio Grande
and the Colorado river, as well as scorching deserts and huge urban conurbations

5. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came
into effect on January 1st
1994.
It is an agreement which set out to remove trade barriers
beween Mexico, the USA and Canada.
It tried to create the free circulation of goods, services and
capital. Unlike the Schengen agreement, it does not allow the
free circulation of people.
US trade with Canada and
Mexico has more than
tripled since 1994.
In 2011, trilateral trade
beween NAFTA members
reached the $1 trillion mark.
Paradoxically, the USA has
a large trade defifict with
NAFTA countries … Why ?

6. An estimated 700 000 jobs have been
lost in the USA due to outsourcing since
NAFTA came into effect in 1994.
NAFTA allows the free circulation of
goods, services and capital. Mexico has
low wage rates and has attracted many
US firms to produce on the Mexican side
of the border in the maquiladoras.
The maquiladoras are assembly plants rune by European, Japanese but mainly American
companies. They take advantage of low wages and lax environmental policy to produce azt
low costs in Mexico. 90% of the goods produced are then exported to the USA … but they
are produced by US firms! (This helps explain the US trade deficit with Mexico).There are
around 3000 factories along the 2000 mile border employing about one million people,
mostly young women. The average wage ranges from 50 cents to $2 per hour. Since 2000,
they have faced competition from China for low production costs.The maquiladoras
represent the second biggest income for the Mexican economy after oil (petroleum) and
account for 45% of Mexican exports.

7. It is estimated that around 1 million manufacturing jobs were lost in the USA due to
NAFTA and outsourcing by US companies.

8. Renegotiating NAFTA – the USMCA 30TH September 2018
Renegotiating NAFTA was a campaign promise by Donald Trump. He promised
workers in the manufacturing industries that he would bring back the jobs
outsourced to Mexico under NAFTA.
The new free trade agreement, the USMCA, allows US dairy producers greater
access to the Canadian market.
As for automobiles, if a car is to take advantage of zero tariffs, then 75% of their
parts must be produced in North America, and 30% of the work done must be by
workers who earn at least $16 an hour … which privileges US workers.

9. A Timeline of American Immigration and Immigrants' OriginsA Timeline of American Immigration and Immigrants' Origins

10. Document 1 Immigration Bar Graph
The bar chart shows that the USA has always attracted millions of immigrants to
its shores, from the middle of the 19th
century up to today.
The numbers of immigrants has fluctuated with high points at the turn of the 20th
century, a low point during and after WWII followed by a steady rise up to today
when numbers are at an all time high.
Document 2 Bar Graph of Immigrants' Origins
What has changed is the region of origin of the immigrants. Historically, it was
Europeans who emigrated massively at the trurn of the 20th
century and then
their numbers gradually dwindled up to and following WWII. If immigration has
increased since that time it is because of new immigrants from Asia but
essentially Latin America who have arrived in their millions.

11. The New Immigarnts and where they settleThe New Immigarnts and where they settle

12. Document 3 Chart showing countries of origin of modern day immigrants
This pie chart shows the make up of modern day immigrants arriving in the
USA. Whilst 41% come from all over the world, 59% of thenew immigrants are
from Latin America or South East Asia including India. By far the largest group
of immigrants from one country are the Mexicans who make up over a quarter
of all immigrants.
Document 4 Map of the USA showing where immigrants settle
This dot map shows clearly that the new immigrants have not spread evenly
throughout the country. They have massed together in specific areas such
as New York (wealth), the Great Lakes (industry), Florida (employment) but
especially in Texas and on the west coast - the US-Mexican border runs
between Texas and California. The vast majority of new Mexican immigrants
have settled here (proximity/family) which has given rise to numerous
problems (language/education/employment).

13. The Origins and Makeup of Illegal ImmigrationThe Origins and Makeup of Illegal Immigration

14. Document 5 Origins and settlement of illegal immigrants
The pie chart shows that the vast majority of illigal immigrants in the USA
are from Latin America (over three quarters) and well over half of all illegal
immigrants come specifically from Mexico.
The bar chart shows us that the illegal immigrants have stayed very close to
the border region of the USA and Mexico, especially California but also
Florida, adding to the number of legal immigrants already there.
Document 6 Make up of the illegal immigrant population
The first pie chart shows the huge number of illegal immigrants in the USA –
11 million at the time but now around 13 million. Mexicans make up more than
half of the number of illegal immigrants in the USA.
More importantly, a high number are solo males and females which means
young people looking for work, housing, education and eventually a family life.

15. The Effects of the New Immigration on Traditional American SocietyThe Effects of the New Immigration on Traditional American Society

16. Document 7 Graph showing evolution of the Hispanic population of the USA
This bar graph shows how the Hispanic population has increased 17 fold
(1700%) since 1950 to reach 68 miliion today. Knowing that the population of
the USA is around 317 million, the Hispanics make up 21% of the total number.
The projection shows the possible evolution until 2050 when their number will
have tripled, challenging caucasians as the main ethnic group in the country.
Document 8 Graph of changing make up of US society between 2010 and 2030
What this bar chart makes clear is that all the ethnic groups which make up US
society are stable (Black) or increasing (Asian, Other, Hispanic). The only ethnic
group which is decreasing as a precentage of the total population are the
caucasians (white).

19. National Geographic
Determined What Americans
Will Look Like in 2050
… and It's Beautiful