Carrier Hotels and Network Neutrality

1. Carrier Hotels and Net Neutrality John R Savageau Managing Director CRG West

4. Breaking Down Barriers In the early 1990s commercial Internet networks appeared in the United States, owned by companies such as Sprint, MCI, and AT&T. About the same time the NSFNet announced plans to dismantle their backbone academic network, migrate traffic to commercial networks, and seed development of “Tier 1” Internet networks.

5. Net Neutrality Example #1 In the "most drastic example yet of data discrimination," the Associated Press recently exposed that Comcast, the nation's largest cable company and second-largest Internet service provider, is actively interfering with its users' ability to access legal content. The company is cutting off legal peer-to-peer file-sharing networks such as BitTorrent and Gnutella, as well as business applications such as Lotus Notes. Comcast has claimed its actions were "reasonable network management."

6. Net Neutrality Example #2 Verizon has been implementing a DNS redirection service for select DSL and FiOS customers. The service redirects users who mistype URLs to an Verizon-run search page (complete with referral links) instead of giving a traditional error message. While Verizon insists the service was created to help users, it's really just a revenue generator. In essence, butterfingers create a revenue stream. Verizon DNS Redirection 'Service' Spreads Consumer Affairs: Is this a network neutrality violation? 10:31AM Monday Nov 05 2007

7. Net Neutrality Example #3 Last month, The New York Times reported that Verizon banned abortion-rights ads under a policy that prohibits “political messages that are controversial or unsavory”.

8. Role of the Carrier Hotel The Carrier Hotel provides an essential point for carriers to interconnect their networks, without a need for lengthy backhaul of their network to cable heads, metro, or long distance fiber terminals. The Carrier Hotel is rapidly evolving to include support for packet networks and other virtual network providers.

10. Major Carrier Hotels Westin Seattle 60 Hudson New York NOTA Miami Telehouse London One Wilshire Los Angeles

13. The Meet-Me-Room

14. The Meet-Me-Room

16. Competition in the Old Days AT&T The Telephone Company

17. Growth of Competition in US 1/07 Release. As of 6/30/06 Provides summary statistics of subscribership data that facilities-based providers of high-speed services file twice a year on FCC Form 477 http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html

23. “ Tiered” Internet Relations

25. The Tier 1 Cloud The 3 Tiered Cloud The 3 Tiered Cloud With Peering/Bypass The Internet was born of a need for communications to bypass outages and blocks The Net Neutrality debate can be overcome by continuing to follow the underlying principles of Internet design

26. IXP Defined (by Wikipedia) An Internet exchange point (IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure that allows different Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to exchange Internet traffic between their networks (autonomous systems) by means of mutual peering agreements, which allow traffic to be exchanged without cost. IXPs reduce the portion of an ISP's traffic which must be delivered via their upstream transit providers, thereby reducing the Average Per-Bit Delivery Cost of their service. Furthermore, the increased number of paths learned through the IXP improves routing efficiency and fault-tolerance.

28. Major US IXPs Any 2 LA PAIX MAE-W NOTA Ashburn IBX NYIIX Large IXPs are generally Located near the coasts, supporting both US domestic and international participants SIX

30. The Power of Community At 42 Members Community Value = 861 Any2 Exchange at 123 Members Community Value = 7503

31. US Model CDN VoIP Tier 2 Regional ISP Online Entertainment Gaming Company Tier 3 Regional ISP IXP Tier 1 Networks Tier 2 Networks 15% 85%

32. European Model CDN VoIP Tier 2 Regional ISP Online Entertainment Gaming Company Tier 3 Regional ISP IXP Tier 1 Networks Tier 2 Networks 60% 40%

37. Summary The issue of net neutrality is one of barriers. Like a good Internet packet, we must design our relationships and networks to bypass barriers. Through effective planning and use of available tools, such as IXPs and carrier hotel facilities, barriers to entry and network operations can be minimized.

38. A Better Internet… by Design Any 2 Exchange