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I Human, Moses Verses Plato, Part Two
- 1. Moses vs Plato Part Two
- 2. “What is Plato but Moses speaking Attic Greek?” (Numenius of Apamea)
- 4. Plato and Platonism Plato commented that Man stood upright on two legs without feathers, making him distinct from other animals; this definition was rebuffed by Diogenes of Sinope, who brought Plato a plucked chicken.
- 5. Plato and Platonism Socrates (d. 399 BC) The beginning of philosophy
- 6. Plato and Platonism Socrates Plato (429-347 BC) The Dialogues of Plato
- 7. The Allegory of the Cave
- 10. Plato and Platonism Socrates Plato The Cave Ultimate Reality
- 11. Plato and Platonism There is a nonphysical essence of all things referred to as the “Ideas” or “Forms”. The objects in the physical world are merely imitations of these essences.
- 13. Knowledge comes from knowing the Essences. Knowledge comes through Observation of Physical World. Aristotle
- 14. Plato and Platonism Socrates Plato The Cave Ultimate Reality Theory of Knowledge
- 15. Knowledge is Innate in the Soul. To learn is to Remember. We are connected to the Real World of Forms.
- 16. Knowledge is Innate in the Soul. To learn is to Remember. We are connected to the Real World of Forms. Rationalism Knowledge comes from the intellect, not the senses.
- 17. 1. Some things we do Not learn from our Senses, such as truth, justice, beauty, virtue... 2. We Know these things by Direct Intellection (Innate Knowledge). 3. We are prone to Forgetting by distraction with the world of sensation. 4. We Learn (Remember) through Correct thinking. Plato’s Theory of Knowledge
- 18. In order to understand the world we must move away from all the “messy” stuff and move in the the realm of pure thought. 1. Some things we do Not learn from our Senses, such as truth, justice, beauty, virtue... 2. We Know these things by Direct Intellection (Innate Knowledge). 3. We are prone to Forgetting by distraction with the world of sensation. 4. We Learn (Remember) through Correct thinking. Plato’s Theory of Knowledge
- 19. Plato and Platonism Socrates Plato The Cave Ultimate Reality Theory of Knowledge The Immortal Soul
- 20. Plato and Platonism What Am I? Moderate Dualism; the Soul exists separately from the Body. They are different substances. “The soul of man is immortal and imperishable.” Soma Sema: “The body is the prison of the soul” The Demiurge, the Divine Craftsman.
- 21. Plato and Platonism What Am I? Reincarnation & pre-existence The union of Body and Soul on earth is natural.
- 22. Plato and Platonism What Am I? Three Parts of the Soul 1. The Rational (Mind/Intellect) 2. The Spirited (Driving Force) 3. Appetite (Desire or Instincts)
- 23. Plato and Platonism What does Platonism mean? Fundamental Features 1. Distrust of Material World (Rationalism over Empiricism) 2. Top-Down Metaphysical Approach 3. There is a Greater Reality 4. The Immortal Soul
- 25. Plato and Platonism Socrates Plato Old Academy Middle Platonism Neo-Platonism
- 26. Beyond Plato: Neo-Platonism Foundational Features Mystical Emanations Plotinus (204- 270)
- 27. Beyond Plato: Neo-Platonism Foundational Features Mystical Emanations The Absolute "has its center everywhere but its circumference nowhere." Plotinus (204- 270)
- 28. Beyond Plato: Neo-Platonism THE ONE Intellect World-Soul Material World Plotinus (204- 270)
- 29. Beyond Plato: Neo-Platonism Plotinus (204- 270) “Those doctrines which Plotinus had given a shadowy form of a triune spirit binding all reality, of a Logos or intermediary deity who had done the work of creation, of soul as divine and matter as flesh and evil, of spheres of existence along whose invisible stairs the soul had fallen from God to man and might extend from man to God-these mystic ideas left their mark on the apostles John and Paul...”
- 30. Beyond Plato: Neo-Platonism Plotinus (204- 270)
- 31. “Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.” The human person is a person in relation to Yahweh. Created by God The Image of God Adam is One Unique
- 32. “The soul is immortal and imperishable.” Moderate Dualism: The soul is primary, the body houses it. Reason will lead us to the Good Life. The lack of Reason will lead us to debauchery. A Rational Being
Editor's Notes
- Numenius (2nd cent) quoted by Eusebius, A Neo-Pythagorean that sought to update Plato and had a high regard for Moses. Most ancient philosophies were highly influenced by Plato. Lloyd Gerson’s What is Platonism? found in… Journal of History of Philosophy, vol 43, no. 3 (2005) 253-276
- The “Official” Birth of Philosophy. A Gadfly: What is Truth, Justice, Good… Turning Inward, exploring the Self. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” “All I know is that I know nothing.”
- His real name was Aristocles. “Plato” was a nick-name, meaning Broad Shoulder, fitting for a wrestler. The Problem with Dialogues….
- Plato’s criticism of society. Get out of the cave to see how things really are. Most stay in the cave being told how things are.
- We are being told what to think and believe. Blow up the TV and check out reality.
- This will be the Heart of Platonism. Ultimate Reality is beyond the things around us. There are, in a sense, TWO REALITIES. One is an Imitation of the Other.
- Hebrews 8: 5, the tabernacle was a shadow of the heavenly tabernacle… Solomon built the temple from the image that David saw… 2 Corinthians 5: 1, a city not made by hands… TRUTH is in the essences, while truth is in the physical.
- Remember, Plato is at the beginning of understanding the world. I already know what a horse is, I already know what a good horse is. How? I was born knowing! How do I know what Justice is? Beauty? I must already have a notion of what Beauty is.
- Distrusting the Physical World and senses, because the physical is constantly changing.
- Yes, I know everything. We are born knowing. Why? Because my Soul is Immortal. I am connected to the Essence of all things. Strong on Intuition, Revelation, Looking for Truth beyond the Senses.
- We can see beyond the shadows, using Reason.
- Is there a Platonic Reality? The Necessity of the Immortal Soul 4. The teacher as Midwife, Socratic Questioning.
- The physical world is a distraction.
- A Debate, was Plato anti-body? Its dialogue folks! Socrates/Plato had an appreciation of Beauty, including human beauty. Phaedo: Soma Sema: “The Body equals the tomb”. Timaeus: Demiurge: One who works for the people.
- The Mind is what matters. I am an intellectual entity whose essential nature exists as separate from the physical world.
- The Mind is what matters. 2. The Will
- 1. Ideas over facts. How things should be rather than how they are. Truth, Justice, Beauty, Meaning, Clear Thinking, Logic, Mathematics… 4. The soul must be immortal. There will be many different varieties of Platonists throughout history.
- Knowledge from above or knowledge from all around us. Raphael's The School of Athens in the Vatican Museum. Most philosophers looked back to Plato in one way or another.
- Its been claimed that Platonism is the starting point for most ancient philosophies. Almost everyone looks back to Plato’s Socrates as a starting point. There were & are many different versions of Platonism. Like many different Systematic Theologies.
- Bringing the Platonic Essences closer to home. Plato was Rational, this guy is Mystical. Plato wanted Knowledge, Plotinus wanted Union.
- MONISM! The One is Beyond Being Intellect: Nous World-Soul: Spirit, the Oriental Chi, life-force Material World: Neither Good or Evil in itself Evil is corruption or lack of the Good. Tertullian (155-220)
- Will Durant Platonic Doctrines and Early Christian Theology. The early Christians did not receive their doctrines from Platonism, But, Platonism did eventually have an influence on the development of doctrines.
- For Augustine Neo-Platonism was a steeping stone on his journey to Christianity.
- Created with a purpose Image and Son-ship Adam is one, no (weak) dualism. A creature with a purpose
- The Mind is what matters. I am a thinking thing.